Cosmological constraints on elementary particle masses in lemaǐtre cosmological models

We recalculate the cosmological limits on hypothetical and undetected elementary particle masses under the assumption that the cosmological constant, Λ, is non-zero. The existing range of allowed masses is considerably extended by removing the unverified assumption that Λ=0. In particular, light neutrino masses up to ≈280 eV are compatible with cosmological observations. The implications of a cold early universe for these estimates are also outlined.     

The elementary particle base masses

The authors empirically based contention that there exists an integral mass system for the principal baryons and the electron is put into a theoretical framework. This framework predicts a neutrally charged lepton which must correspond to the neutrino, generates very accurate base masses for the major leptons, mesons, and baryons and extremely accurate mass splitting for the principal octet of baryons. In addition, it predicts a totally new class of super heavy particles the lightest of which would have a mass greater than 38 GeV.     

A new semiclassical elementary particle model

A semiclassical model in which elementary particles are represented as systems of charged shells with associated quark-like quantum numbers is presented. Specifically the baryons are considered. Formulas are obtained which express baryon masses and magnetic moments in terms of model parameters which relate baryon and quark properties. Basically, the mass and moment formulas are expressions for mass ratios and magnetic moment ratios. Simple identifications for the model parameters lead to a prediction for the proton-electron mass ratio and to fairly accurate predictions for the baryon magnetic moments in units of the proton moment. The mass and moment formulas, which relate corresponding properties of different particles, are generalised such as to express relationships between the members of a sequence of particles, where such a sequence is conceived of as containing only one (normal) baryon. A specific sequence, containing the proton and electron, is proposed; various physical properties of the particles in the sequence are determined. In particular, a second prediction for the proton-electron mass ratio is obtained; the two predictions differ numerically but both agree with the measured value of the mass ratio within experimental error.     

Semiclassical spectrum of the two-dimensional non-linear σ models

The spectrum of O(N) invariant two-dimensional non-linear σ models is analyzed for large N by the methods of Dashen, Hasslacher and Neveu. Calculations to $\text{O}\text{(}\text{1}\text{N}\text{)}$ are carried out and the spectrum is shown to consist solely of N degenerate massive mesons. This is consistent with strong coupling lattice calculations and indicates that for sufficiently large N there is no phase transition between the weak and strong coupling regions.     

Partially latent interaction in elementary particle formation

In order to surmount unending difficulties currently encountered by strong interaction theory, drastic modifications appear to be needed. A possible modification is conjectured by introducing the concept of quasidynamical strong interaction at very short distances. The feasibility of tightly binding quasidynamical ¯K-N interaction to deliver hyperons is considered. The quasidynamical interaction, if proved correct, may provide an essential interaction mechanism for the formation of strongly interacting particle states.     

A three-wave model of the elementary particle

The physical ideas that led the author to propose the “three-wave hypothesis” (TWH) are presented. Some new interpretative elements are introduced.     

Wigner elementary particle in an external homogeneous field

A covariant Hamiltonian is proposed which permits to describe in the Heisenberg picture the motion of a Wigner elementary particle in a homogeneous electromagnetic field. More precisely, at any time, the elementary particle is in a state associated with a given irreducible representation of the Poincaré group. As a remarkable result, the spin motion is shown to be governed by the Thomas-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation. Also the Galilean limit is discussed.     

Covering groups and the standard elementary particle model

We determine all Lie groups compatible with the gauge structure of the Standard Elementary Particle Model (SM) and their representations. The groups are specified by congruence equations of quantum numbers. By comparison with the experimental results, we single out one Lie group G_sm and show that this choice implies certain old and new correlations between the quantum numbers of the SM quantum fields as well as some hitherto unknown group theoretical properties of the Higgs mechanism.     

The de Sitter-Castelnuovo universe and elementary particle physics

If we study the de Sitter universe in the geodetic representation, we obtain the projective relativity, valid on the cosmic scale, for hyperdense matter and high energies. The new theory can be applied also to quantum and elementary particle physics. In this work we examine the angular momentum operator, the D'Alembertian generalized equation, and study the electron, conceived as an oscillating microuniverse.Work sponsored by GNFM-CNR.     

Classical models of elementary particles with spin

Classical models of elementary particles, regarded as the ultimate constituents of the known particles, are considered in the framework of general relativity. The work is based on that of López, using the Kerr-Newman solution of the Einstein field equations.     

Space-time and degrees of freedom of the elementary particle

First, a general property of Lie groups is used in the case of the Poincaré group in order to define the one particle phase space. It is eight-dimensional in the general case and six-dimensional for a spinless or massless particle.Embedding the Poincaré group into the similitude group of space-time permits us to interpret the dilatation operator as a dynamical variable. The connection between the similitude group and field equations is discussed. Lurçat's ideas on a possible dynamical role of spin and mass-spin spectra of particles (Regge trajectories) are discussed under the point of view of the degrees of freedom.This work constitutes a completed version of a preprint entitled Classical Hamiltonian Formalism for Spin, Argonne, September, 1966.On leave from Université de Marseille, France. Work supported in part by the National Science Foundation.     

Construction of an elementary particle theory in cosmological spaces

Using the system of enclosure, a four-dimensional curved (conformai) space is inserted in a six-dimensional plane space, where it occupies some surface. Based upon the symmetry of the surface indicated, the equation of the scalar field on the surface is written. Thereupon, using the enclosure formula, the equation obtained is transcribed into the original four-dimensional space. It is shown that the well-known scalar field equation obtained by other authors is a particular case of the equation obtained in this study.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii Fizika, No. 10, pp. 79–83, October, 1971.The authors express their gratitude to Professor D. Ivanenko for his discussion of the question.     

The lifetime of an elementary particle in a field

By assuming that we can associate a proper frame to a particle in a field and using relativistic considerations, a generalization of Apsel's prediction that electromagnetic potentials can alter the lifetime of a charged particle is obtained. It is shown, by a new procedure, that these same assumptions lead to the Euler-Lagrange equations of motion for the particle. This result seems to disclose a deep connection between kinematical and dynamical aspects of motion.     

Some problems in nuclear and elementary particle physics involving gravitons

Attention is drawn to dispersion relation techniques which are useful in calculating binding energies of light nuclei, mechanical form factors of particles and nuclei, and mean mass radii.Presented at the International Conference on Gravitation and Relativity, Copenhagen, July 1971.     

Semiclassical Symmetries

Essential properties of semiclassical approximation for quantum mechanics are viewed as axioms of an abstract semiclassical mechanics. Its symmetry properties are discussed. Semiclassical systems being invariant under Lie groups are considered. An infinitesimal analog of group relation is written. Sufficient conditions for reconstructing semiclassical group transformations (integrability of representation of Lie algebra) are discussed. The obtained results may be used for mathematical proof of Poincare invariance of semiclassical Hamiltonian field theory and for investigation of quantum anomalies.