外商直接投资与环境库兹涅茨曲线——基于中国城市数据的空间计量分析

大多数关于环境库兹涅茨曲线的实证研究隐含地假定地区间环境质量彼此独立,这种对空间相关性的忽视可能导致实证结果的偏误。本文利用2007年中国275个地级及以上城市的数据,对纳入FDI和空间相关性的环境库兹涅茨扩展模型进行了实证检验。研究结果发现:环境库兹涅茨倒U型曲线是否存在很大程度上取决于污染指标以及估计方法的选取;FDI并不一定导致城市环境的恶化;空间相关是影响城市环境质量的重要因素,一个城市的污染物排放受到邻近城市的影响。     

Banach空间非线性脉冲积分方程解的存在性

利用Monch不动点定理和分段估计方法,本文研究Banach空间非线性脉冲积分方程解的存在性,但是我们不使用脉冲项的紧型条件和非紧型测度估计的限制性条件.作为一个应用,我们讨论Banach空间一阶非线性脉冲微分方程终值问题解的存在性.     

误差合成空间固定系数模型的多阶段广义最小二乘估计

本文对时变系数的空间面板数据模型进行了研究,所研究的模型利用扰动项中的空间个体成分将不同时期的方程联系起来,同时,自变量系数和空间自回归系数是时变的,但不会随着观测个体的变动而变动。本文利用基于可行的广义最小二乘估计的多阶段方法对模型参数进行了估计,研究了估计量的大样本性质,并利用Monte Carlo方法模拟了其小样本性质。模拟结果表明,估计量的渐近性质随着样本容量的增加而改善。对中国省级地区间财税策略互动行为的实证案例也体现了本文理论模型的应用价值。     

限制参数空间上的Fiducial推断

给出了在限制参数空间上,利用Fiducial方法求参数的区间估计的一般方法,并且讨论了一些常见的典型问题,结果表明所得的区间估计是合理的．另外,本文还证明了在限制参数空间上,刻度族和位置族中参数的条件Fiducial分布与无信息先验的Bayes 后验分布一致,推广了Lindely的结论．     

环境规制下民间投资对省域经济高质量发展的空间溢出和门槛效应研究

中国及地区的经济高质量发展离不开民间投资的推动,而民间投资受环境规制促进经济发展的政策难免会存在非线性溢出效应.文章研究基于2000-2019年中国大陆30个地区的面板数据,以新发展理念构建省域经济高质量发展指标,进一步运用空间计量模型和面板门槛模型实证检验民间投资对中国经济高质量发展的影响.研究发现,民间投资对省域经济高质量发展存在显著的正向空间溢出效应;进一步发现命令型环境规制和公众参与型环境规制均存在单门槛效应,而市场型环境规制为双门槛效应.命令型环境规制超过阈值时民间投资对经济高质量发展的促进作用更强;公众参与型环境规制超过阈值时促进作用则会降低.市场型环境规制在不同的阈值范围内,其正向促进效应呈现先升后降的倒U型.     

Соболев空间中函数的有限元逼近以及在近似求解微分方程中的应用

用插值节点的均匀性,在空间中函数具有嵌入性质的条件下,导出了最佳逼近的误差估计,本文仍利用插值节点均匀性假设,对空间中的一般函数,也导出了逼近的误差估计,不再要求函数的嵌入性质; Ciarlet在仿射等价和空间函数具有嵌入性质的条件下,对一个二阶椭圆边值问题论证数值积分并不影响有限元子空间近似解逼近变分问题真解的速度。本文借助於空间中的一般函数的有限元逼近理论,对这一特殊的二阶椭圆边值问题,在基函数满足均匀性条件下,不要嵌入性质同样得到上面结果。     

具有线性阻尼Boussinesq方程解的空间衰减估计

研究了一类四阶双曲型方程解的空间衰减估计.首先构造方程解的表达式,其次结合截面线积分和面积积分,并利用微分不等式的方法,推导出该表达式的相关估计,最后得到方程解的空间衰减估计.     

Hardy空间到Zygmund型空间的Riemann-Stieltjes算子

利用Hardy空间中函数的高阶导数的估计,通过构造一些新的检验函数,运用解析函数的性质与算子理论,给出了从Hardy空间到Zygmund型空间的Riemann—Stieltjes算子的有界性和紧性的特征,获得了若干个充要条件.     

幺模乘子在α模空间中的渐进估计

我们研究幺模乘子在α模空间中的渐进估计.对不同频率分解的空间进行统一的研究,包括模空间以及Besov空间.结果中的上界估计包含了已知的模空间的结果.同时,在对符号函数做局部非退化假设的条件下,给出幺模乘子的最佳渐进估计.     

非齐型空间上弱核Calderón-Zygmund算子在Morrey空间的估计

在非齐型空间上讨论具有D in i型核条件的极大C alderón-Zygm und算子在M orrey空间Μqp(μ)的有界性和端点估计.     

Spatial econometric approach to the EU regional employment process

This paper deals with the estimation of spatial econometric models of employment rate across 259 NUTS 2 (Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics) regions of the European Union in 2018 regarding different region-specific factors. Since, spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity often occur jointly, the paper is oriented at verification of two hypotheses. Hypothesis 1 related to the existence of the spatial autocorrelation, i.e., that the regional employment process is not a spatially isolated process, was confirmed. Based on the estimation of Spatial Durbin Model, direct, indirect and total spatial impacts were quantified and verified. The results proved the significant impact of neighbouring regions for GDP and compensation of employees variables in explaining regional employment rate. Significant influence of factors like educational attainment level and population density seems to be limited only to the particular region. Hypothesis 2 reflected the existence of the spatial heterogeneity. Based on the geographically weighted regression the assumption of spatial variability of the model parameters was also verified. The regional employment in the EU seems to be affected by both spatial effects and the presented approaches thus represent two different insights into the complex spatial character of the modelled process.

     

中国污染物排放强度及其收敛性的区域差异研究

本文运用回归和收敛模型对全国,东部,中部,西部污染物排放强度的差异和收敛性进行了实证分析.研究结果表明:我国各地区的污染物排放强度在不同程度上都有所下降,其中以东部下降幅度最大,西部次之,中部最小;经济增长对污染物排放强度的降低起到积极作用,第二产业占GDP比重对污染物排放强度起到正相关作用;全国,东部,中部,和西部地区都不存在绝对β收敛现象,但均存在条件收敛,且中部收敛速度最快,东部收敛速度最慢.     

OPTIMAL TAXES FOR POLLUTION REGULATION: DYNAMIC,SPATIAL AND STOCHASTIC CHARACTERISTICS

The paper develops a model that incorporates the dynamic, spatial and stochastic aspects of environmental pollution. Conditions for optimal resource allocation between output production and pollution abatement processes are derived. Optimal emission (Pigouvian) taxes which may be used to efficiently regulate pollution in each region are determined. The pattern of emission taxes over time and their relative sizes among different regions are additionally explored with the help of a simplified numerical example.     

"一带一路"与人文发展的空间依赖性分析

基于2014年"一带一路"沿线61个国家的人文发展指数,利用Moran'I空间自相关统计量检验"一带一路"沿线国家人文发展指数之间的空间自相关性,利用空间误差模型研究了"一带一路"战略对沿线国家的教育、医疗卫生等指数的影响.结果表明:"一带一路"沿线61国人文发展水平之间存在明显的空间自相关性,即空间聚集性和异质性并存;"一带一路"战略的实施必将对沿线国的教育、医疗卫生等发展做出积极贡献.     

A Spatial Markov Model for Climate Extremes

Spatial climate data are often presented as summaries of areal regions such as grid cells, either because they are the output of numerical climate models or to facilitate comparison with numerical climate model output. Extreme value analysis can benefit greatly from spatial methods that borrow information across regions. For Gaussian outcomes, a host of methods that respect the areal nature of the data are available, including conditional and simultaneous autoregressive models. However, to our knowledge, there is no such method in the spatial extreme value analysis literature. In this article, we propose a new method for areal extremes that accounts for spatial dependence using latent clustering of neighboring regions. We show that the proposed model has desirable asymptotic dependence properties and leads to relatively simple computation. Applying the proposed method to North American climate data reveals several local and continental-scale changes in the distribution of precipitation and temperature extremes over time. Supplementary material for this article is available online.     

Spatial risk measures and applications to max-stable processes

The risk of extreme environmental events is of great importance for both the authorities and the insurance industry. This paper concerns risk measures in a spatial setting, in order to introduce the spatial features of damages stemming from environmental events into the measure of the risk. We develop a new concept of spatial risk measure, based on the spatially aggregated loss over the region of interest, and propose an adapted set of axioms for these spatial risk measures. These axioms quantify the sensitivity of the risk measure with respect to the space and are especially linked to spatial diversification. The proposed model for the cost underlying our definition of spatial risk measure involves applying a damage function to the environmental variable considered. We build and theoretically study concrete examples of spatial risk measures based on the indicator function of max-stable processes exceeding a given threshold. Some interpretations in terms of insurance are provided.     

Spatial Dynamics of a Lattice Lotka-Volterra Competition Model with a Shifting Habitat

In this paper, we concern with the spatial dynamics of the lattice Lotka-Volterra competition system in a shifting habitat. We study the impact of the environmental deterioration rate on the population density under the strong competition condition. Our results show that if the environment deteriorates rapidly, both species will become extinct. However, when the environmental degradation rate is not so fast, the species with slow diffusion will go extinct, while those with fast diffusion will survive. The extinction of species with slow diffusion can be divided into two situations: one is the extinction caused by environmental deterioration faster than its own diffusion speed, the other is the extinction caused by slow diffusion speed under the influence of strong competition.     

二氧化碳排放决定因素的实证分析——基于70个国家(地区)面板数据

由于温室气体大量排放引起的全球气候变化已经严重影响了人类社会的生存与发展,二氧化碳减排问题成为学术界十分关注的热点问题。本文利用1993-2006年度,70个国家(地区)的面板数据,研究了人口、经济、技术对世界整体及不同发展水平国家(地区)二氧化碳排放的影响。结果表明,二氧化碳排放的国家间差异呈扩大趋势,对于不同发展水平国家(地区),人口、经济、技术对二氧化碳排放的影响是不一样的,同时也证实了经济快速增长是世界二氧化碳排放增加最主要的驱动因素。     

涟漪效应还是空间互动——基于空间面板联立方程模型的房价与地价关系研究

本文通过构建包含房价和地价在内的空间面板联立方程模型,利用2009～2016年中国286个地市的数据,构建空间面板联立方程模型,以研究房价和地价的空间自相关性和空间溢出效应。实证结果表明：房价与地价之间的空间互动作用明显,房价不但受到当地地价的影响还会受到周边城市房价的影响;而城市地价也会受到当地房价引起的引致需求影响,并且受到周边城市地价的影响。分区域来看,地价对房价的作用强度在东、中、西部地区依次下降,房价对地价作用强度呈现出相反的趋势。而从价格的溢出效应来看,无论是房价还是地价,西部地区的价格溢出效应都最为明显,表明相对于东、中部地区,西部地区城市在房价和地价上都更会受到周围城市的影响。