利用物理仿真实验室研究绳系小球系统在复合场中运动

利用物理仿真实验室模拟了绳系小球系统在复合场中的运动,首先分别将小球从A,C点静止释放,获取了小球的速率与加速度大小随时间的变化关系图,分析原因,总结规律,随后通过不断改变小球静止释放的位置,观察小球的运动轨迹,得出小球做部分圆周运动的条件,最后计算出小球从直线到圆周运动的临界位置以及在该位置所损失的机械能.     

验证动量守恒定律实验的探究

1问题的引出验证"碰撞中的动量守恒"实验课的分组实验中,一位学生发现了问题:如图1所示中,在等位板处释放小球a,去碰撞放在水平轨道的另外一个完全相同的小球b时,不能出现小球a静止,小球b获     

滑动椭球凹面约束下的物体运动解析

本文首先分析导出光滑平面上能自由滑动的静止旋转椭球凹面理想约束下静释放小球的运动轨迹，然后求出静释放小球（可视为质点）的运动速度表达式和加速度表达式，最后用Excel取特定数值作出了小球的速度和加速度与x的函数图像，可直观反映小球的速度和加速度变化的规律。     

“质量不同小球从斜面同一高度滚下”的实验创新

对于不同质量小球从同一光滑斜面同一高度由静止滚下是否获得相同速度的认知难题,利用自制的 创新实验装置,给予了证明,突破了教学难点,取得良好效果     

小球转动对平抛实验结果的影响探讨

高中物理探究平抛物体的运动,大多采用使小球从一定高度释放沿轨道滚动后做平抛运动的装置进行相关实验.那么小球的滚动在多大程度上影响实验的结果,在什么条件下可以不考虑小球的滚动.     

标准答案引起的对教育理念的反思

【题目】（2008年高考全国理综试卷第24题）图1中滑块和小球的质量均为m,滑块可在水平放置的光滑固定导轨上自由滑动．小球与滑块上的悬点O由一不可伸长的轻绳相连,轻绳长为l0．开始时,轻绳处于水平拉直状态,小球和滑块均静止．现将小球由静止释放,当小球到达最低点时,滑块刚好被一表面涂有黏性物质的固定挡板粘住,在极短的时间内速度减为零,小球继续向左摆动,当轻绳与竖直方向的夹角θ=60°时小球达到最高点．求：     

竖直平面内“ 轻绳模型”的运动规律研究

利用理论研究与“ 仿真物理实验室”实验验证相结合的方法, 研究了竖直平面内的“ 轻绳模型”这一重 要的单轨道模型问题, 分析了小球速度、 加速度图像和规律, 研究得到了小球不能完成完整圆周运动的初速度条件; 小球做完整的竖直平面内圆周运动的初速度条件; 小球沿圆弧“ 轨道”返回的初速度条件; 小球离开圆弧“ 轨道”做 斜抛运动的最低点初速度条件以及斜抛运动的速度大小和方向; 阐述了小球从最低点水平方向出发经圆弧上某点 斜抛运动后能返回初始点的初速度条件; 并给出落点在最低点( 出发点)左右两侧侧圆弧上的初速度条件     

探究单摆加速度与摆角的关系

1建立单摆模型 如图1（a）所示,小球质量为m,绳长为L,单摆的摆角为a,将小球在A位置静止释放．     

倾角和摩擦系数的不均匀性对伽利略斜面实验核心结果的影响

伽利略斜面实验的核心结果是小球走过的路程正比于时间的平方,但倾角和摩擦系数的局部不均匀性会导致局部加速度的不均匀性.本文用一个简化模型计入倾角和摩擦系数的不均匀性,数值计算发现这些不均匀性不仅引入随机误差,而且导致路程与时间偏离平方关系.如果保持倾角情况不变,减小摩擦系数使球从无滑滚动变为有滑滚动,路程与时间对于平方关系的偏离程度会增大而不是减小.这个结论虽然与直觉相反,但却与物理学史的相关研究得到的结论相符.为了排除小球被释放时的随机因素的影响,本文在实验中设计了零初速度释放小球的装置,还设计了一个更方便的测量摩擦系数的方法.     

落球法测液体黏度的深入研究

利用流体力学的知识对小球下落计时起点的确定进行理论推导, 并给出了达到终极速度之前小球运动 的距离与速度之间的函数关系, 以及不同半径的小球达到终极速度时其半径与下落距离的关系     

匀速圆周运动的小球向心力突变后的轨迹

详细讨论了当向心力突然增大后,原来作匀速圆周运动的小球其运动轨迹的变化情况,证明了小球将作螺线运动.     

Properties of Particle Trajectory Around a Weakly Magnetized Black Hole

In this paper, we consider charged accelerating AdS black holes with nonlinear electromagnetic source. The metric chosen by us is of a regular black hole, which shows regular nature at poles and a conical effect, which corresponds to a cosmic string. In such a space time construction of the Lagrangian for a charged particle is done. Cyclic coordinates as well as the corresponding symmetry generators, i.e., the Killing vectors are found. Conservation laws corresponding to the symmetries are counted. Euler-Lagrange equations are found. The orbit is mainly taken to be a circular one and effective potential is found. The minimum velocity obtained by a particle to escape from innermost stable circular orbit is found. The value of this escape velocity is plotted with respect to the radius of the event horizon of the central black hole for different parametric values. The nature of the escape velocity is studied when the central object is working with gravitational force and charge simultaneously. Effective potential and effective force are also plotted. The range of radius of event horizon for which the effective force turns to be positive is found out. A pathway of future studies of accretion disc around such black holes is made.     

Dynamical determination of the innermost stable circular orbit of binary neutron stars

We determine the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of binary neutron stars (BNSs) by performing dynamical simulations in full general relativity. Evolving quasiequilibrium (QE) binaries that begin at different separations, we bracket the location of the ISCO by distinguishing stable circular orbits from unstable plunges. We study Gamma=2 polytropes of varying compactions in both corotational and irrotational equal-mass binaries. For corotational binaries, we find an ISCO orbital angular frequency somewhat smaller than that determined by applying turning-point methods to QE initial data. For the irrotational binaries, the initial data sequences terminate before reaching a turning point, but we find that the ISCO frequency is reached prior to the termination point. Our findings suggest that the ISCO frequency varies with compaction but does not depend strongly on the stellar spin.     

铅垂圆轨道上球的运动分析

对球从粗糙斜面滚下后在铅垂圆形轨道上的运动进行了全面、系统的分析,给出了由纯滚动状态转换为又滚又滑状态的条件,推出了确定球离开圆形轨道位置的方程,纠正了某些文献中的错误结果。     

Equatorial Circular Orbits of Neutral Test Particlesin Weyl Spacetimes

A general stability study of equatorial circular orbits in static axially symmetric gravitating systems is presented. We investigate the motion of neutral test particles in circular geodesics such as the marginally stable orbit, the marginally bounded orbit, and the photon orbit are analyzed. We find general expressions for the radius, specific energy, specific angular momentum, and the radius of the marginally stable orbit, both for null and timelike circular geodesics. Different solutions were expressed in different coordinates systems: cylindrical coordinates, oblate spheroidal coordinates, and prolate spheroidal coordinates are considered. We show that all null circular trajectories are unstable, and that there aren’t marginally stable null geodesics, whereas for timelike geodesics the motion can be unbounded, bounded, or circular.     

Rope coiling

We present the results of the combined experimental and theoretical investigation of rope coiling arising from the buckling instability. The shape of the rope is perfectly circular in the coiling region and is straight in the region below the feeding point. In between these two distant regions, the rope assumes a catenary-like shape in the limit of slow feeding velocity and a helix-like shape in the limit of fast feeding velocity. When there is an increase in the feeding velocity, the transverse displacement of deformation persists over the long distance far beyond the coiling region. The catenary is associated with the purely imaginary wave number and the helix is associated with the real wave number. The catenary-to-helix shape transition is particularly evident when the rope is fed from a large height.     

Model for the production of circular polarization via beam-foil interaction

Electron capture by protons in the tail of the electron density at a metal surface is investigated. The ion velocity is assumed to be large compared to the velocity of an electron in the lowest orbit of hydrogen. Electron transition probabilities into the 2p states of hydrogen are calculated, analogous to the first Born approximation by extending a model of Trubnikov and Yavlinskii [1] to tilted foils and nonzero angular momentum of the captured electron. From the density matrix the Stokes parameters are calculated. The results give partial agreement with experimental data, especially for the sinusoidal dependence of circular polarization on foil tilt angle.     

Electrostatic charging behaviour of dielectric particles in a pressurized gas–solid fluidized bed

The charging behaviour of insulating particles in pressurized fluidized beds was investigated by fluidizing five polyethylene resins in a column of 150 mm inner diameter and 2.0 m height. Seven collision ball probes at different levels and radial positions monitored the electrostatic charge generation in the bed. The influences of operating pressure and superficial gas velocity on the degree of electrification were studied. For each polyethylene resin, the electrostatic charges of the particles in the upper part of the bed gained a polarity which differed from the particles in the lower part of the bed due to bipolar charging and particle segregation. The hydrodynamics in the fluidized bed significantly influenced the particle electrification. Due to increased bubble size and rise velocity, electrostatic charge generation was enhanced as the superficial gas velocity increased. However, it was difficult to predict the influence of elevated pressure on the charging behaviour of each resin as a result of the complex impacts of pressurization on the hydrodynamics and electrification.     

Sound radiation from point sources in circular motion

The moving-source approach used by Morfey and Tanna for broad-band sound radiation from a point force in circular motion is adopted in this paper to evaluate the sound radiated in the far field due to point sources of random time variation rotating uniformly in a circle at subsonic speed. It is shown that the sound pressure results (overall and spectral density) for the volume velocity source can be easily extracted from the corresponding results for a rotating point force. An expression for the sound field of a point volume displacement source in arbitrary motion is derived and this is applied to the special case of uniform circular motion. The effects of acceleration of the sources due to circular motion on the radiated sound are established. Applications include noise from tip jet rotors, compressors and marine propellers.     

石英玻璃球撞击刚性壁的破碎过程

利用高速枪对石英玻璃球撞击刚性靶板进行了实验研究,分析了不同速度下球体的破碎过程和失效模式。当冲击速度低于临界破坏速度时,石英玻璃球以略低于原速从靶板回弹;当超过临界破坏速度时,球体呈现“压缩破碎区-表面剥落区-剪切破坏区”的破坏结构;进一步提高碰撞速度,剪切破坏区的扩展导致球体碎裂为若干“月牙状”的碎块;更高撞击速度下,石英玻璃球发生坍塌式破碎,在远离撞击端处产生层裂现象。利用离散元软件对球体的撞击破坏过程进行了模拟研究,球体在高速碰撞下的破碎可以分为弹性压缩、整体破碎和二次撞击3个阶段。球体碎裂前Hertz接触理论可以较好描述其撞击力,而破碎后的撞击力由于碎裂卸载远小于理论值,且偏差随冲击速度逐渐增加。