测压法测定水中BOD的方法研究

对测压法（连续耗氧量一呼吸计量法）测定水中BOD的方法进行了研究。分别用测压法和传统方法测定了标准溶液和实际样品的BOD值,结果表明,测压法测定BOD具有生化效率高、操作简单、测试方便的优点,可连续测定BOD值并储存测量数据。测压法测定的BOD值更能表征水体可生化降解性,与传统法的测定结果有较好的可比性。     

污水BOD5测定中外界条件的影响

对污水BOD5(五日生化需氧量)测定中各种外界条件的影响进行了初步探讨。通过大量实验数据说明了样品保存时间、培养温度和样品pH值对BOD5测定的具体影响。当样品保存时间大于24h时,检测结果的偏差将大于10%,不能正确反映水样中有机物的含量。培养温度对不同性质的水样的影响不同。对于可生化性好的水样,培养温度对其BOD5的影响很大,25℃和20℃之间的偏差可达40%;对可生化性不好的水样,培养温度对其BOD5的影响不大,一般为5%左右,在国标GB7488-87允许的准确度范围内,可忽略。水样的pH值对其BOD5的影响很大,当水样的酸碱度为中性时,测定的BOD5才能正确反映水样中有机物的含量;当水样呈酸性或碱性时测定的BOD5均小于正常值。     

用溶氧仪代替滴定法测定BOD5中DO

BOD5是指水样经中和及去除毒性物质或经稀释后 ,置于培养瓶中 ,在 2 0℃暗处放置五天 ,由测定最初及五天后溶解氧 ,得出五天内的耗氧量 ,再根据稀释倍数求得。BOD5是根据水中有机物耗氧量的多少间接表示出水中有机物的量 ,是一种间接表示水体受有机物污染程度的指标 ,是水质监测中的重要项目之一[1] 。在BOD5测定中对溶解氧的测定一般使用滴定法 ,此方法要配制MnSO4 等多种试剂 ,并定时标定Na2 S2 O3标准溶液 ,本法使用溶氧仪代替滴定法直接测定溶解氧 ,不需要配制试剂及标定标准溶液 ,方法简单、操作快捷 ,不但符合葡萄糖 谷氨酸试…     

水环境中有机污染物生化需氧量的测定

本文从理论和实践上讨论了水质监测中有机污染物生化需氧量(BOD)测定中的有关问题。其中包括BOD测定中发生的生化反应过程，好氧生化反应速率及速率常数，影响BOD测定结果的各种因素，BOD测定技术，以及BOD与COD、TOC的相关性。     

差压式BOD测定测定工业废水中BOD

探讨了利用差压式ＢＯＤ测定装置测定工业废水中ＢＯＤ时影响其准确度的几个因素，并提出了相应的改进方法。     

水质监测中BOD5与COD值相关性研究

通过对大量水质监测数据进行分析整理，得出不同水质的BOD5与COD值之间的线性回归方程，由线性回归方程预测出的BOD5值进行验证，无论BOD5与COD线性关系显著与否，若用预测的BOD5值作为中间值，只需估算出一个稀释比就可以满足BOD5的测定要求。     

近红外光谱法快速测定水体有机污染物的方法研究

有机污染物是水体主要污染物之一,急需建立简单快速无污染的监测技术。本文将近红外光谱技术应用于水体有机污染物的测定,建立化学需氧量(COD)和生化需氧量(BOD5)的分析方法。结果表明,采用偏最小二乘算法、以近红外光谱的一阶导数谱建立的分析模型对水样COD和BOD5的测定均取得较好的效果。该分析模型对水样COD和BOD5的预测值和标准值之间的相关系数分别达到0.991和0.998,校正集的均方根偏差(RMSEC)相当于水样平均COD和BOD5值的4.3%和1.9%,满足日常监测的需要。分析模型对预测集样品的均方根偏差与RMSEC接近,表明该分析模型具有较好的适用性。采用近红外光谱法测定水体COD和BOD5等有机物指标结果可靠,为水体有机物污染的快速测定提供了一种可行的分析技术。     

TOC法对BOD5标样定值的研究

通过对BOD5标准样品TOC的测定,证实TOC与BOD5具有良好的相关性,并根据这种相关性,利用TOC分析仪对环保部标准样品研究所的定值样品进行TOC测定,然后对测定结果进行BOD5折算,间接对BOD5标准样品进行定值,定值结果准确可靠。     

生化需氧量（BOD5）测定中稀释倍数的简捷确定法

在生化需氧量（BOD5）的测定中，稀释倍数的估计是否适当至关重要。该文根据废水生物处理可行性的判断标准－BOD5／CODcr比值的波动范围，将其分为三个区间，经过数学推导，得出各区间的稀释倍数，即n1=0.57COD/d,n2=1.3COD/d,n3=1.23COD/d，其中d为当天稀释水的溶解氧。这三个稀释倍数可覆盖BOD5整个波动范围。由此，根据化学氧量（CODcr）可以简捷地确定出稀释倍数，从而提高了BOD5测定的有效性和准性。     

水体TOC与COD_(Cr)、BOD_5、COD_(Mn)相关性研究

通过对TOC、CODCr、BOD5及CODMn测定原理的研究,得出其理论相关性,并通过对国家标准样品、自配模拟样品及实际样品的测定,对TOC与CODCr、BOD5、CODMn的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,TOC与CODCr、BOD5、CODMn间具有明显的相关性,内插TOC系数法折算结果与标准法测定结果无显著性差异,该研究为以TOC值推算CODCr、BOD5、CODMn及TOC标准的制定提供了依据。     

基于氧荧光猝灭速率法的生化需氧量检测

利用氧荧光猝灭速率的方法,结合自行构建的BOD光纤传感装置进行海水中生化需氧量(BOD)含量检测。考察了四种筛选的海洋耗氧菌种在四甲基硅氧烷(TMOS)、二甲基二甲氧基硅烷(Di Me-DMOS)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)包埋固定情况下,对不同浓度的葡萄糖-谷氨酸(GGA)标准溶液的荧光响应情况。BOD敏感膜的荧光响应在0·2~30mg/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,对2mg/L标准溶液测定的相对标准偏差为2·5%(n=6),响应时间(t95%)为4·0min,BOD敏感膜使用寿命大于12个月。实际海水样品检测表明,利用BOD敏感膜检测得到的结果与国标BOD5方法之间存在较好的一致性。     

BOD Biosensor Fabricated with Sol-Gel Membrane

A novel BOD biosensor fabricated with the microbial membrane on an oxygen electrode was introduced by using porous A1₂O₃ sol-gel inorganic matrix to immobilize the yeast, which is convenient, rapid, correlating to the results of BOD5 and could be employed for commercial availability in the future. The induced culture technique was used to obtain high active yeast, and this point especially contribute to the higher selectivity and sensitivity, The gelation time to form microorganisms membrane is about 1 h, and the response time is 20min, the response current is steady rapidly, a linear relationship between the response of the sensor and BOD value ranging from 10~70 mg/L, the reproducibility of BOD estimation is good and the lifetime of BOD biosensor is over 30 day at 4℃.     

Optical biosensor for the determination of BOD in seawater

An automatic sensing system was developed using an optical BOD sensing film. The sensing film consists of an organically modified silicate (ORMOSIL) film embedded with an oxygen-sensitive Ru complex. A multi-microorganisms immobilization method was developed for the BOD sensing film preparation. Three different kinds of microorganisms, Bacillus licheniformis, Dietzia maris and Marinobacter marinus from seawater, were immobilized on a polyvinyl alcohol ORMOSILs. After preconditioning, the BOD biosensor could steadily perform well up to 10 months. The linear fluctuant coefficients (R²) in the range of 0.3-40 mg L⁻¹ was 0.985 when a glucose/glutamate BOD standard was applied. The reproducible response for the BOD sensing film could be obtained within ±2.3% of the mean value in a series of 10 samples in 5.0 mg L⁻¹ BOD standard GGA solution. The effects of temperature, pH and sodium chloride concentration on the two microbial films were studied as well. The BOD sensing system was tested and applied for the BOD determination of seawater.     

A new microbial electrode for BOD estimation

A new microbial electrode using immobilizedClostridium butyricum was prepared for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) estimation of wastewaters. The current of the electrode was decreased with time until a steady state was reached. The steady state current was in all cases attained within 30-40 min at 37°C, and the maximum current output was obtained at 37°C and pH between 6.2 and 7.0. A linear relationship was obtained between the steady state current and BOD. The steady state current values were reproducible within ±7% of the relative error. The BOD of industrial wastewaters can be estimated by using the microbial electrode. Relative error of the BOD estimation of industrial wastewaters was within ± 10%. The current output of the microbial electrode was almost constant for 30 days.     

Study of BOD Microbial Sensors for Waste Water Treatment Control

A microbial sensor consisting of immobilized yeast or bacterial cells and an oxygen electrode was developed for the estimation of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). A flow-through system was used, and the response time was within 20 min. A linear relationship was observed between the relative current decrease and the BOD of the sample solution within the range of 1-45 mg/L. The storage lifetime was > 1 yr. The reproducibility was quite good, within 6% fsd at a concentration of 20 mg/L BOD. Satisfactory results were attained when the biosensor was applied to the determination of BOD in brewery-plant and glutamate-plant wastewater and in a river.

     

近红外光谱法同时测定废水中化学需氧量和生化需氧量

采用120个废水样品的近红外透射光谱结合偏最小二乘法,分别建立了废水中化学需氧量和生化需氧量的预测模型,并对光谱数据预处理方法和异常值诊断进行了讨论。所建的废水中化学需氧量和生化需氧量的预测模型相关系数分别为0.9542和0.9652;模型的预测相对偏差分别为25.24mg·mL-1和12.13mg·mL-1;预测范围分别为28.4～528.0mg·mL-1和16.0～305.2mg·mL-1。通过对模型进行t-检验,在显著性水平大于0.05的条件下,其测定结果与标准方法的测定结果对比,两者无显著性差异。