期望效用理论与非期望效用理论的对比分析

本文简述了期望效应理论与非期望效应理论研究的基本结果,在对非期望效应理论的探讨中,通过几组数值试验说明了Machina的发散性假设不完全成立,其结果对风险决策分析具有一定的指导意义.     

用预期效用理论单位三角形解释共同比率效应

本文提供一个新的视角来观察共同比率效应.这个悖论可以用期望效用理论和预期效用理论来解释.特别地,Machina(1987)在期望效用理论单位三角形比较一对彩票,共同比率效应形成一个悖论.在预期效用理论单位三角形中,效用函数无差异曲线保持平行,但是彩票的连线向内收敛,从而说明共同比率效应在预期效用理论可能是合理的,而不再是一个悖论.     

改进的期望效用-熵模型在沪市股票选择中的应用研究

用Arrow-Pratt风险厌恶度来度量期望效用-熵平衡系数以改进风险型决策的期望效用-熵模型;根据改进的期望效用-熵模型以及期望效用准则,分别从上证50指数样本股中选取7只股票构造投资组合,进行比较.研究结果表明,用改进的期望效用-熵模型得到的股票组合效果更优.     

多属性效用在项目群决策中应用的研究

投资主体在排它型项目群的决策中 ,由于选择的评价指标不同 ,从而导致评价的项目优先次序不一致 .针对这个问题 ,本文利用多属性效用来探讨排它型项目群的决策问题 .     

考虑消费者效用的电商延迟支付决策研究

电商通过推出允许消费者全额免息延迟支付的服务吸引消费者购买产品,消费者在使用延迟支付服务和直接付款之间进行选择.基于消费者剩余理论,引入消费者使用延迟支付服务的损失和资金成本率,建立电商的收益模型,给出了零售商收益最大化下的延迟支付期限和产品零售价格的联合决策.研究结果表明:随着消费者资金成本率的增加,产品价格和延迟支付期限呈下降趋势;但在不同的资金成本区间下,延迟支付服务的损失系数不同,消费者资金成本率对以上两者的影响程度不同.     

风险资产的最优保险

本文采用期望方差方法，引入无风险投资；建立多元风险模型，从投保人角度讨论了最优保险决策，分析了投资风险，无风险投资收益和保费政策等因素对最优决策的影响，为现代企业采取综合措施降低风险提供了理论依据．     

一类效用曲线的拟定方法

采用降维法将5维的非线性规划问题降为2维的非线性规划问题,再用格点搜索法求解来拟定一类效用曲线,方法简单实用,所得的结果对于若干常遇问题可满足实际使用中的精度要求,又计算方便快捷     

考虑决策者给出部分属性期望的风险型多属性决策方法

针对决策者给出部分属性期望的风险型多属性决策问题,提出了一种决策分析方法。在该方法中,首先,依据决策者在各自然状态下给出的属性期望信息,将原始决策问题转化为没有属性期望和具有属性期望的两个独立的风险型多属性决策问题;然后,针对没有属性期望的风险型多属性决策问题,依据期望效用理论,计算各属性下属性值所对应的效用值,进而得到每个方案的综合效用值;进一步地,针对具有属性期望的风险型多属性决策问题,依据累积前景理论,将决策者给出的属性期望视为属性的参照点,进而计算各属性值的前景价值及决策权重函数值并计算每个方案的综合累积前景值;在此基础上,计算得到每个方案的总体效用值,并依据总体效用值的大小对所有方案进行排序。最后,通过一个算例说明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

位置-尺度分布族中均值-方差准则与期望效用理论的一致性

证明了当决策集为位置-尺度分布族时,期望效用理论与均值-方差准则是一致的.从而就可以将马克威茨的均值-方差准则中的正态假设减弱为位置-尺度分布族.这不仅扩大了均值-方差准则的应用范围,而且巩固了组合投资理论与资本资产定价理论的基础.     

期望效用原理中风险保费的信度估计

期望效用保费定价方法是保费定价的重要方法之一.本文建立了期望效用保费原理的贝叶斯模型,定义了期望效用原理的风险保费,并给出了风险保费的信度估计.进而,研究了保费估计的统计性质.最后通过数值模拟的方法验证了风险保费估计的渐近正态性和收敛速度.     

风险型决策的可信度研究

本文提出了风险型决策的可信度以及最优决策的结构概念，分析了影响决策可信度的几个主要因素，给出了可信度的计算函数及其基本性质，举例说明了提高决策可信度的方法。     

面向任务的网络化天基信息系统连续性效能评估

网络化天基信息系统以其快速的信息获取和处理能力在保卫国家安全、及时发现灾害等方面起到了至关重要的作用.本文以抗震救灾为应用背景,分析了系统的工作流程和主要任务,构建了多任务层次的系统连续性效能指标体系,度量了系统返回信息的密集程度.根据连续性指标特点,针对不同任务选择参考指标,建立了基于灰色评估法的效能评估模型,满足了系统面向任务的信息需求.利用仿真统计数据给出了算例,综合得到连续性效能评估结果,同时提供了连续性效能在每个任务层次的具体评估细节,为系统的设计和使用提供了指导和技术参考.     

增长曲线模型中一致最小风险无偏估计的存在性

考虑协方差阵任意，或具有均匀协方差结构，或具有序列协方差结构的正态增长曲线模型本文将文[19]在设计矩阵满秩，且仅估计回归系数矩阵的情形获得的结果推广到设计矩阵不必列满秩，且同时估计回归系数矩阵的线性可估函数和协方差阵（或有关参数）的情形；在凸损失函数类和矩阵损失函数下，给出存在一致最小风险无偏估计的充分必要条件．     

银行项目信贷风险决策分析

利用实物期权的方法对银行项目信贷的期权特性进行了讨论,对项目的收益与风险进行了更为准确的数理分析.为使结论更加准确可靠,并对具体的实例进行了剖析,说明了衍生产品在银行的项目信贷过程中也可以很好地理论指导实践,使银行能够更好地对贷前风险进行有效控制.     

THE ＇HYBRID＇ TECHNIQUE FOR RISK ANALYSIS OF SOME DISEASES

Based on the data obtained from a survey recently made in Shanghai, this paper presents the hybrid technique for risk analysis and evaluation of some diseases. After determination of main risk factors of these diseases by analysis of variance, the authors introduce a new concept ‘Illness Fuzzy Set‘ and use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to evaluate the risk of suffering from a disease for residents. Optimal technique is used to determinethe weights wi in fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and a new method ‘Improved Information Distribution‘ is also introduced for the treatment of small sample problem. It is shown that the results obtained by using the hybrid technique are better than by using single fuzzy technique or single statistical method.     

THE 'HYBRID' TECHNIQUE FOR RISK ANALYSIS OF SOME DISEASES

51. IntroductionSince the theory of fuszy set was introduced by Lotfi A. Zadeh in 1965, fuzzy techniquehas developed rapidly and has been successfully aPplied into many fields.In receat yeaJrs3 a new and promising way of using the fuzzy technique is combinedwith other deterministic and statistica1 methods. The so-called 'hybrid' technique has beenaPplied to insurance business and achieved positive results (see [1, 2], etc.).Based on the data obtained from a survey recelltly made in a commun…     

WILDLIFE LOSSES IN KENYA: AN ANALYSIS OF CONSERVATION POLICY

ABSTRACT. Despite massive conservation efforts backed bysignificant international support, Kenya has lost some 44% of its large mammal fauna over the last 17 years. This catastrophic example of resource degradation stems from a mixture of policy, institutional and market failures. Policy failures include an over‐reliance on Command and Control (prohibition on consumptive use of wildlife, prohibition on use of resources within Protected Areas) without the ability to enforce compliance; subsidies to agricultural and livestock production which, by reducing marginal production costs to below social opportunitycosts, has caused the over‐conversion of rangelands to livestock and agricultural production at the expense of conservation objectives and values; and the establishment of tourism cartels which divert wildlife generated benefits awayfrom landowners. The fundamental institutional failure is the lack of property rights and use rights of landowners over wildlife. Fundamental market failures reflect the absence of financial incentives to landowners to conserve their wildlife resource, thus setting marginal depletion costs to zero, and competing production incentives. The Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) is reintroducing financial incentives to landowners by permitting some consumptive use of wildlife, bymaking substantial direct grants to landowners and communities who support wildlife and bysidelining the tourism cartels and encouraging private sector tourism on private land. However, investment in conservation is still being hampered by the continuing prohibition of high value activities such as sport hunting, and by over regulation and vacillation. Furthermore, positive net benefits to landowners from wildlife operations are not in themselves adequate to guarantee economic incentives to conserve the resource. First, significant negative externalities are associated with wildlife in that they add greatly to the production costs of livestock and agriculture; second, opportunity costs (in terms of foregone benefits of development) of leaving land undeveloped for conservation are gradually increasing in response to growing populations, expanding markets and new agricultural technology; and third, some policies are having the perverse impacts of creating poverty traps. Wildlife conservation policy must accordingly be much wider in scope and use a much broader range of economic, financial and market instruments, possibly including differential land use taxes, conservation subsidies and easements, and lease back agreements. Simply creating positive net benefits from wildlife is not enough.     

MODELING CATASTROPHIC RISK IN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FOREST CARBON SEQUESTRATION

ABSTRACT. The effect of risk from catastrophic tree mortality, such as fire, insect outbreaks and hurricanes, on selling credits for carbon sequestration from a slash pine plantation is modeled. We achieve this task by developing a modified Hartman model and applying it to a slash pine plantation. It is found that risk decreases the land expectation value and the optimal rotation age on a forest stand producing timber and carbon sequestration benefits. This decrease is greater with higher prices of carbon. Furthermore, risk increases the amount of pulpwood produced from the stand and decreases the amount of sawtimber produced. Since pulpwood has a shorter life span than sawtimber this reduces the amount of carbon sequestered. This effect is greater for higher prices of carbon suggesting that risk dampens the effect that a carbon market would have in inducing landowners to sequester more carbon.     

模糊决策在航空维修工程中的应用

本文以模糊数学和规划论为工具，对航空维修工程中一类决策问题的决策方法进行了探讨，给出了具有普遍意义的建模思想，通过实例分析，证明了这种方法的可行性和先进性。     

带扰动的具有新险种开发的负风险模型

本文引进了带扰动的具有新险种开发的负风险模型,利用鞅的理论得到了破产概率的Lundberg不等式及相关表达式.