乳状液膜法提取L—谷氨酸的研究

乳状液膜法提取Ｌ－谷氨酸的研究徐占林（四平师范学院化学系四平１３６０００）严忠张河哲（东北师范大学化学系长春１３００２４）关键词Ｌ－谷氨酸乳状液膜载体萃取中图分类号Ｏ６２３．７３６氨基酸作为重要的生化产品，广泛应用于食品、饲料、医药、化工等许多领域，...     

以Cyanex272为载体的乳状液膜迁移和分离铅的研究

用Ｃｙａｎｅｘ２７２－Ｓｐａｎ８０－甲苯乳状液膜体系研究了铅的迁移行为，确定了铅迁移的适宜条件。在此条件下，许多常见离子如Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋等均不迁移，Ｈｇ＾２＋迁移率很低。因此Ｐｂ＾２＋能与这些离子得到快速且完全的分离。这对分析测定及三废处理等工作具有实际意义。     

铜在乳状液膜体系中的迁移行为

近年来膜分离技术在环境治理方面得到广泛应用。本文研究了铜在span80-TBP（磷酸三丁酯）-煤油-NH3液膜分离体系中的迁移行为。用TBP作为载体,在溶液中迁移时,在外相与膜相界面上形成中性络合物后穿过膜相,在膜相与内相界面上络合物再与NH3反应,生成铜氨络离子,释放出来的TBP又返回膜相。     

镍在乳状液膜体系中的迁移行为

研究了镍在乳状液膜分离体系中的迁移行为。在此分离体系中,以煤油作为膜溶剂,span80为表面活性剂,磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为载体。详细讨论了制乳时间和混合时间、span80和TBP浓度、乳水比和油内比、内相NH。和外相HCl的浓度对镍迁移率的影响,确立了最佳分离条件。     

乳状液-中空纤维膜萃取钕及其传质性能研究

采用非分散的萃取方式,将乳状液膜体系Span80/皂化D2EHPA/煤油/液体石蜡/盐酸通过中空纤维膜对钕进行了逆流萃取,研究了乳化剂浓度、乳状液与水相流量比、内相盐酸浓度、萃取时间等因素对萃取率的影响。结果表明,乳状液和水相流量越小、乳状液内相盐酸浓度越大,萃取率越高,内相富集倍数越大。将乳液循环萃取70次后,内相富集倍数达50.2,表明乳状液在中空纤维膜萃取器中对稀土有很好的萃取和富集效果。与乳状液膜的分散萃取方式相比,非分散萃取方式的萃取速率更快,而且萃余水相澄清,液膜稳定性好,泄漏少,膜溶胀小。同时还计算了非分散萃取过程基于水相的总传质系数实验值和理论值,当调节参数Kf(络合反应传质系数)的取值为3.5×10-9m.s-1,水相流量大于10×10-6m3.s-1时,实验值与理论预测值相吻合。     

正十六胺为载体的乳状液膜迁移分离汞(Ⅱ)

以正十六胺为载体的乳状液膜迁移分离汞 的结果表明,当膜组成为(0 02～0 030)ｍｏｌ/Ｌ正十六胺+3%(Ｗ/Ｖ)Ｓｐａｎ80+煤油;内相为(0 010～0 020)ｍｏｌ/ＬＮａＯＨ;外相为0 020ｍｏｌ/ＬＫＣＬ+(0 010～0 10)ｍｏｌ/ＬＨＣｌ能使汞快速有效的完全迁移;并使Ｈｇ 与Ｃｕ ,Ｆｅ ,Ｚｎ ,Ｃｏ ,Ｎｉ ,Ｍｎ ,Ｐｂ ,Ｃｄ 等离子完全分离。不使用有毒害的膜溶剂甲秦或二甲苯[1-4],使用长碳链的有机胺,因而在相分离过程中避免了三相乳化现象。1.实验部分在制乳器中加入一定量Ｓｐａｎ80和正十六胺的煤油溶液,在约2000ｒ/ｍｉｎ转速下,加入内相试剂…     

乳状液膜对磷矿酸解液中稀土离子的提取研究

用盐酸对富含镧、铈等稀土离子的织金磷矿石进行酸解,以仲辛基苯氧基取代乙酸、环烷酸以及传统的酸性磷类萃取剂2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯和二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯为载体、山梨糖醇酐油酸酯和双烯基丁二酰亚胺作混合表面活性剂、磺化煤油作溶剂、盐酸作内相解析剂制成的乳状液膜来对磷矿酸解浸出液中镧、铈等稀土离子进行提取,考察了流动载体浓度、表面活性剂种类及浓度、内相酸浓度、水乳比、油内比对提取率的影响。结果表明:载体浓度为12%,混合表面活性剂浓度为8%,内相解析剂浓度为6 mol.L-1,乳水比为1∶10,油内比为1∶1时,稀土提取率可达76.46%。     

乳状液膜对镉（Ⅱ）的迁移行为及其分离

１引言利用液膜分离技术提取与分离金属离子的研究已有报道，但利用三异辛胺（ＴＩＯＡ）作为液膜的载体分离金属离子的研究还未见报道。本文研究了以ＴＩＯＡ为载体的乳状液膜迁移Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）的行为及机理。试验表明，ＴＩＯＡ＋Ｓｐａｎ８０十二甲苯乳状液膜体系能使Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）得到快速、完全迁移，并能使其与常见离子得到完全分离。２实验部分２．１仪器与试剂高速搅拌制乳器（自制）；７２１型分光光度计；Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）标准液，１ｇ／Ｌ；Ｓｐａｎ８０和ＴＩＯＡ分别配制成１０％（Ｗ／Ｖ）和０．１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的二甲苯溶液；所用其它试剂…     

谷氨酸在乳状液膜中的迁移行为

用氯化三等基·甲基铵（Ａｌｉｑｕａｔ ３３６）－Ｓｐａｎ８０－甲苯制成的乳状液膜体系对谷氨酸的迁移行为进行了研究,２ ｍｉｎ的迁移率可达９３％。在谷氨酸的最佳迁移条件下,油溶性好的苯丙氨酸迁移率较高,但油溶性低的甘氨酸和碱性氨基酸的迁移率明显较低。此法适用于微量氨基酸的提取和分离。     

十二烷基苯磺酰胺喹啉作载体的液膜法提取水中铅的研究

研究了十二烷基苯磺酰胺喹啉萃取铅（Ⅱ）的行为。研究表明，此种萃取剂在一定的条件下，能有效萃取铅（Ⅱ），并采用斜率法探讨了对铅（Ⅱ）的萃取机理。在此基础上，研究了该萃取剂作为载体的乳状液膜对铅的提取。     

以正十六胺为载体的乳状液膜迁移分离镉(Ⅱ)

以正十六胺为载体的乳状液膜迁移分离镉(Ⅱ)     

乳状液膜迁移分离铋(Ⅲ)

用三异辛胺（ＴＩＯＡ）０Ｓｐａｎ ＳＯ－甲苯乳太液膜迁移Ｂｉ（Ⅲ）的研究表明,在合适的制乳和迁移条件下,Ｂｉ（Ⅲ）可以快速完全地迁入内相,并能与Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾３＋、ＡＩ＾３＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｍｍ＾３＋、Ｃｕ２＋、Ｐｂ＾＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋、Ｃ完全分离。     

Extraction of Arsenic(V) from Water Using Emulsion Liquid Membrane

In this article, the extraction of arsenic(V) from water by means of emulsion liquid membrane is investigated. The influence of operating factors such as stirring speed, concentration of sulfuric acid in the external aqueous phase, concentration of sodium sulfate in internal stripping phase, and concentration of carrier in the membrane phase on the extraction efficiency are investigated and their optimum values, which provide the maximum recovery of arsenic, are determined. Taguchi experimental design is used in order to reduce the number of experiments. The optimum amounts for the extraction of arsenic from water, based on the results, are: stirring speed, 500 rpm; concentration of sulfuric acid in the feed, 1.5 g mol/lit; concentration of reagent in internal phase, 1.5 g mol/lit; and concentration of carrier in 3 ml kerosene which is added to the membrane phase, 0.1 g mol/lit.     

乳状液膜体系分离提取铜离子

以Span80-对氨基苯磺酸(APS)-NH3液膜体系分离提取Cu2+。最佳分离条件为:制乳搅拌速度3500r/min,制乳时间及乳水混合时间分别为10min和20min,乳水比和油内比分别为0.38和0.44,APS、Span80和液体石蜡浓度分别为11%、4.4%和2.2%,内相NH3和外相HCl浓度分别为4.0mol/L和0.5mol/L。用该体系分离提取了模拟样中的Cu2+。     

Extraction of Priority Pollutant 4-Nitrophenol from Water by Emulsion Liquid Membrane: Emulsion Stability,Effect of Operational Conditions and Membrane Reuse

This work aims to the extraction of the priority pollutant 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) from water by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM). Liquid membrane consists of a diluent (hexane) and a surfactant (Span 80). Sodium carbonate solution was used as internal aqueous phase. Effects of important experimental conditions governing the stability of the W/O emulsion were investigated. Influence of operating parameters that affects the permeation of 4-NP such as surfactant concentration, emulsification time, sulfuric acid concentration in external phase, acid type in external phase, internal phase concentration, type of internal phase, stirring speed, volume ratio of internal phase to membrane phase, treatment ratio, 4-NP initial concentration, and diluent type was examined. This study also evaluated the effect of Na₂CO₃ concentration in the internal aqueous phase on the stripping of 4-NP. Additionally, the reuse of the recovered membrane was studied. Under most favorable conditions, practically all the 4-NP and aniline (AN) molecules present in the feed phase were extracted. The recovery of the membrane phase was total and the extraction of 4-NP was not decreased. The ELM treatment process represents a very interesting advanced separation process for the removal of 4-NP and AN from aqueous solutions.     

乳状液膜法制备硫氧化物超细X射线发光粉

采用乳状液膜法制备了颗粒均匀的Gd-Tb草酸盐微粒，将草酸盐粒子放在硫气气氛下焙烧后得到Gd2O2S：Tb超细X射线发光粉。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外(IR)光谱、光致发光(PL)光谱和X射线激发发光光谱(XEL)对微晶进行了表征。结果表明，900℃下焙烧后的粒子显示了单一的六角形Gd2O2S晶相，与传统固相法相比，有效降低了焙烧温度。根据谢乐公式，估算一次粒径为29nm，初级粒子尺寸较小，这在一定程度上可以提高成像系统的空间分辨率。从SEM照片来看，粒子显示了一定的团聚性，但团聚尺寸＜5μm，为超细X射线发光粉。同时，在254nm紫外光和X射线激发下，Gd2O2S：Tb发光粉都显示出Tb^3 的特征发射峰，并且通过分析红外光谱对样品发光性能的影响作了详细的讨论。     

Assembling Synthesis of ZnSe Orthohexagonal Slices through Emulsion Liquid Membrane System of Gas-liquid Transport

Orthohexagonal slices assembled by ZnSe quantum dots were synthesized through emulsion liquid membrane system. These orthohexagonal slices were 1.5-3.5 μm in side length and were self-assembled by ZnSe quantum dots of 2-3 nm. It was proposed the surfactant molecules on ZnSe quantum dots played a key role in the self-assembly process.     

Removal of Mercury by Emulsion Liquid Membranes: Studies on Emulsion Stability and Scale Up

Emulsion liquid membranes (ELM) have received significant attention in the separation of various metal ions from industrial wastewater. Still efforts are needed to get the desired level of stability to overcome the hindrance in the application of ELM at industrial scale. In this paper, the effects of various parameters such as emulsification speed, concentration of cosurfactant, surfactant, carrier and impeller speed during extraction on the stability of an emulsion liquid membrane are studied. Dispersion destabilization of w/o emulsion is checked by Turbiscan. Drop size distribution and photomicrographs of the emulsions are also analyzed to evaluate stability of the emulsion. Instability of emulsion liquid membrane during extraction process is measured in terms of membrane breakage. A stable emulsion is used for the extraction of mercury from aqueous solution in small scale as well as in large scale.