叶片型线对离心油泵性能的影响

以65Y60型离心油泵为研究对象，研究了液体不同粘度下叶片型线对泵性能的影响。首先，利用本课题组独立开发的准三元叶片设计程序以反问题方式设计了两种型线。这两种型线叶片前半部分与原一元叶轮叶片的型线不同、后半部分与一元叶轮相同。然后在不同粘度下将三个叶轮进行性能对比实验。研究表明，叶片进口附近的型线的改变对泵性能有较大影响；适当增大叶轮后盖板流面上的叶片流体动力负荷有助于提高离心油泵输送粘油时的水力性能。     

黏性流体环境下V型悬臂梁结构流固耦合振动特性研究

V型悬臂梁结构在原子力显微镜、微纳机械传感器件中得到了广泛应用, 该结构通常在黏性流体环境下实现精密检测、传感与性能表征,同时也会使得结构的流固耦合振动特性更为复杂, 直接影响器件的动态性能.本文针对V型结构变截面、变刚度等复杂几何特征, 建立了黏性流体环境下V型悬臂梁结构的流固耦合动力学模型, 导出了基于截面孔宽比参数的梁结构的修正水动力函数, 确定了截面孔宽比和频率参数影响下V型悬臂梁结构的水动力函数;理论分析得到了黏性流体中V型梁结构的频率响应特性.同时, 设计了多种不同几何尺寸的V型梁结构, 并在水环境中开展了实验验证, 结果表明, 实验所得频率响应与理论分析结果吻合较好, 验证了V型梁结构水动力函数修正表达式及流固耦合动力学模型.此外, 基于该流固耦合动力学模型, 详细分析了不同流体黏度、V 型梁角度及尺寸变化对耦合系统振动特性的影响.      

高速磁浮列车气动噪声分布规律研究

本文基于上海线高速磁浮列车现场噪声测试，结合数值仿真分析了磁浮列车行驶时的噪声特性以及气动噪声分布规律．数值仿真采用延时分离涡结合声比拟的方法，并对比现场测试噪声数据，给出了高速列车气动噪声特性以及噪声源分布规律．研究结果表明：列车行驶时噪声时程呈现很强脉冲性，频率小于100 Hz噪声主要来源于与高架桥梁结构振动相关的二次辐射噪声，特别是次声频段内，桥梁自振会产生显著的噪声．磁浮列车表面气动噪声分布规律与噪声频率相关，低频噪声与列车的车尾涡脱相关，高频噪声由车头边界层分离以及再附着、车身边界层流动等引起，而中频噪声主要产生于列车底部、抱轨与轨道梁表面相对运动作用．因此，高速磁浮列车除了要重点考虑车头、车尾的气动外形对气动噪声的影响外，还应考虑轨道间隙处气动噪声及其分布规律．     

黏性流体环境下Ⅴ型悬臂梁结构流固耦合振动特性研究

Ⅴ型悬臂梁结构在原子力显微镜、微纳机械传感器件中得到了广泛应用,该结构通常在黏性流体环境下实现精密检测、传感与性能表征,同时也会使得结构的流固耦合振动特性更为复杂,直接影响器件的动态性能.本文针对Ⅴ型结构变截面、变刚度等复杂几何特征,建立了黏性流体环境下Ⅴ型悬臂梁结构的流固耦合动力学模型,导出了基于截面孔宽比参数的梁结构的修正水动力函数,确定了截面孔宽比和频率参数影响下Ⅴ型悬臂梁结构的水动力函数;理论分析得到了黏性流体中Ⅴ型梁结构的频率响应特性.同时,设计了多种不同几何尺寸的Ⅴ型梁结构,并在水环境中开展了实验验证,结果表明,实验所得频率响应与理论分析结果吻合较好,验证了Ⅴ型梁结构水动力函数修正表达式及流固耦合动力学模型.此外,基于该流固耦合动力学模型,详细分析了不同流体黏度、Ⅴ型梁角度及尺寸变化对耦合系统振动特性的影响.     

喷水推进双级轴流泵流体动力性能CFD分析

采用高质量结构化网格对某喷水推进双级轴流泵整个数值模拟系统的各部件进行区域离散,利用CFD方法预报该泵扬程、功率和效率等外特性,分析其内部流动情况。计算结果与实验数据的较好吻合证明了CFD方法可以作为通过试验求取喷水推进双级轴流泵特性曲线的辅助方法。研究中对有、无轴情况下双级轴流泵外特性的预报和比较结果表明,轴对该泵动力性能预报结果影响不大;通过计算叶片压力分布,验证了该双级泵叶轮叶片设计中采用的线型;通过观察一、二级导叶出口的流动状态,分析了该泵设计中存在的缺陷,并为导叶改进设计提出建议。     

低压涡轮内部流动及其气动设计研究进展

随着高空无人飞行器研究的不断升温, 高空低雷诺数条件下动力装置的研究越来越受到人们的重视.结合近年来国内外相关领域的研究工作, 对低雷诺数低压涡轮内部复杂流动机理的研究进展进行了介绍, 包括低雷诺数情况下低压涡轮内部非定常流动的特点, 叶片边界层分离及转捩现象机理, 上游周期性尾迹与下游叶片边界层相互作用机理等. 在此基础上给出了适合低雷诺数条件的低压涡轮气动设计方法:尾迹通过与边界层的相互作用, 能够抑制分离, 进而减小叶型损失, 在气动设计中有效引入非定常效应可以大幅度提高低压涡轮的气动负荷或降低气动损失, 最终达到提高性能的目的;数值及实验结果验证了这种设计方法的有效性.      

孔隙介质中稠油流体非线性渗流方程

为揭示稠油流体在油藏孔隙中渗流特性,基于力学平衡方程,建立了描述稠油流体渗流特征的非线性渗流方程,对油藏孔隙中稠油渗流过程及启动机理进行了深入分析,着重分析了边界层、流体屈服应力以及表面力对渗流过程的影响.结果表明,Hagen-Poiseuille定律需经修正方能描述稠油流体流动,边界层、流体屈服应力以及表面力对稠油渗流影响非常显著.孔隙中,稠油启动压力梯度来源于其屈服应力、表面力,边界层加剧了渗流非线性程度,实际稠油油藏开发中,要充分掌握稠油渗流非线性特征.      

不同润滑状态下表面润湿性的摩擦学特性研究

本文中以锡青铜为基底,采用纳秒紫外激光制备了具有微观粗糙结构的超疏水表面和亲水表面,利用扫描电子显微镜和接触角测量仪对所制备的微观结构和表面润湿性进行了表征,并通过XPS测试对所制备的样片表面润湿性转变的机理进行了分析,通过UMT-2型摩擦磨损试验机测试了在边界润滑及流体动压润滑状态下的摩擦系数,研究表面润湿性对摩擦学特性的影响.研究结果表明:材料表面润湿性在不同润滑状态下对摩擦学特性有显著的影响;在边界润滑状态下,亲水表面的摩擦学特性优于疏水表面,平均摩擦系数相对减少6.79%;在流体动压润滑状态下,疏水表面的摩擦学特性优于亲水表面,摩擦系数相对减少了10%.     

水鸟参数对多分枝拖曳线列阵动态响应的影响

参考某型多分支拖曳线列阵系统及其配套水鸟的具体参数,结合装置的工作过程,建立线阵工作过程的三维离散模型。基于水动力分析软件OrcaFlex探究了水鸟工作的主要作用及其水动力特性,分析了相对速度方法的有效性及实用性、水鸟设计参数对线阵阵型的影响。根据结果可知,水鸟的升力系数的设定对阵型变化影响较大,模型可用于初步验证水鸟升力系数的配合最优区间,进而节省实验花费,降低设计难度。结论对多分支拖曳线列阵系统的研究有一定的参考价值。     

碟式离心机层流边界层方程的对称性和不变解

为运用边界层理论进行碟式离心机的碟片型线设计,首先对于碟式离心机内部多个碟片浅层固液两相界面流动模型,从流体力学基本的N-S方程组出发,得出碟片间隙斜窄流二维层流边界层方程;其次,采用李群演绎算法,推导出系统偏微分方程组允许的无穷小对称和不变解,更重要的是给出了其详细的解析表达式和有关性质。结果发现,碟式离心机层流边界层厚度与碟片结构(如碟片尺寸和间距、转速)以及流体物性(如液相粘性系数)密切相关。本文研究为考虑边界和初始条件的流场边界层精确解析解提供了有效途径,也为边界层分离控制模型的各种数值算法提供了验证。     

The three-dimensional boundary layer on a rotating flat plate as influenced by the containing end-walls

Growth of the turbulent boundary layer over a flat plate rotating about an axis parallel to the leading edge is considered in which the axial length (or span) is contained between rotating radial end-plates (the hub and shroud, in effect, of a centrifugal impeller). The problem of the influence of the cross-flows in the boundary layers on the end-plates as they affect the blade boundary layer is considered. The latter is treated as a three-dimensional problem and the dependence of the solution on the boundary conditions is discussed. The integral equations of this boundary layer reduce to a pair of quasi-linear partial differential equations which are weakly elliptic, parabolic, or weakly hyperbolic according to the rotation number. When the equations are exactly parabolic and the boundary layers remain thin it is shown that the end-plate boundary layers can have no influence upon the blade boundary layer if the flow is initially radial; separation of the end-plate cross flows takes place in the corners.     

Boundary layer interaction in three-dimensional flows

An approach known from the theory of matched asymptotic expansions involving the isolation of subregions with different scales is used to study flows which are assumed to be described by the boundary layer equations almost everywhere near the surface except for a fairly narrow zone in which the inflowing boundary layers interact. Two characteristic types of interaction are identified. An approximate theory describing the flow in the interaction zone, which makes it possible to locate the position of the interaction zone on the surface, is proposed. The interaction flow on the end wall of a vane channel is calculated subject to certain simplifications. The results of an experimental investigation of this flow are presented and it is shown that the theoretical model proposed describes the three-dimensional corner separation which occurs in the neighborhood of the line of intersection of the end wall and the convex edge of the vane.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 3, pp. 116–123, May–June, 1988.     

Flow patterns and boundary conditions for inlet and outlet conduits of large pump system with low head

The flow patterns in the inlet and outlet conduits have a decisive effect on the safe, stable, and highly efficient operation of the pump in a large pumping station with low head. The numerical simulation of three-dimensional （3D） turbulence flow in conduits is an important method to study the hydraulic performance and conduct an optimum hydraulic design for the conduits. With the analyses of the flow patterns in the inlet and outlet conduits, the boundary conditions of the numerical simulation for them can be determined. The main obtained conclusions are as follows： （i） Under normal operation conditions, there is essentially no pre-swirl flow at the impeller chamber inlet of an axial-flow pump system, based on which the boundary condition at the inlet conduit may be defined. （ii） The circulation at the guide vane outlet of an axial-flow pump system has a great effect on the hydraulic performance of the outlet conduit, and there is optimum circulation for the performance. Therefore, it is strongly suggested to design the guide vane according to the optimum circulation. （iii） The residual circulation at the guide vane outlet needs to be considered for the inlet boundary condition of the outlet conduit, and the value of the circulation may be measured in a specially designed test model.     

Interaction of zones of flow separation in a centrifugal impeller-stationary vane system

In a radial flow pump operating in off-design conditions, regions of stall can exist on the rotating impeller blade and on the downstream diffuser blade, vane or tongue. Interaction of these stall zones can generate complex patterns of vorticity concentrations. In turn, these vorticity concentrations are related to sources of unsteady stagnation enthalpy. The form of these patterns is strongly dependent on the instantaneous location of the impeller trailing-edge relative to the leading-edge of the vane.Comparison of instantaneous with ensemble-averaged images shows that the flow structure in the gap region between the impeller and the vane is highly repetitive. Away from this region, in particular in the separated shear layer from the vane, the nonrepetitive nature of the vorticity field is manifested in substantial reduction of peak levels of vorticity in the ensemble-averaged image, relative to the instantaneous image.The three-dimensional flow structure resulting from these separation zone interactions was characterized via end views of the flow patterns. Particularly pronounced concentrations of vorticity can occur in this plane. They tend to be located in the shear layer at the outer edge of the large-scale separation zone. These vorticity concentrations are, however, highly non-stationary for successive passages of the impeller blade. Ensemble-averaging reveals that they persist primarily on the endwalls of the diffuser.The authors are grateful to the Office of Naval Research for support of this research program     

含尘离心风机中边界层对叶轮侵蚀的影响

本文采用二维可压缩紊流边界层计算模型,计算了离心风机内考虑边界层影响后的粒子轨迹和粒子与叶片表面的碰撞角、碰撞速度、磨损率沿叶片(相对弧长)的变化规律,计算结果表明:对于小直径的粒子,无粘流动假设是不合适的,计及边界层的影响,对于准确预测风机内的粒子轨迹和磨损是必不可少的。     

Cross influence of discharge and circulation on head loss of conduit of pump system with low head

The relationship between the head loss and the discharge and circulation of the conduit of a pump system with low head is an important problem with an obvious influence on the improvement of its hydraulic performance. The velocity circulation from the pump guide vane makes the relationship more complicated, which has to be understood comprehensively. The results indicate that, under the condition of zero circulation, the head loss of the inlet and outlet conduits is in proportion to the square of discharge. Under the condition that the Reynolds number is satisfied with the resistant square area, the conduit loss is in proportion to the square of discharge for the similar working points with different speeds in a certain rotational speed range, indicating that the pump system efficiency is constant. The outlet conduit loss of design discharge for a pump system with low head depends on the velocity circulation from the guide vane exit, and the relationship between the loss and the circulation is an open curve with an upward direction, meaning that there is an optimal circulation for the loss. Under the condition of various working points for a pump system with low head, the head loss of the outlet conduit is under the cross influence of both the discharge and the circulation. As a result, the relationship between the head loss and the discharge is almost linear, and the mechanism needs to be further studied.     

MODELLING AND CALCULATION OF THE TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER ON A ROTATING CYLINDER SURFACE WITH STRONG SUCTION 1)

提出了湍流边界层的一种简单、快速计算方法, 用以求解强吸气作用下旋转圆筒表面边界层流动. 首先, 理论分析了同心圆筒间的旋转流体运动, 外筒静止、内筒旋转且为多孔吸气条件. 强吸气情况下旋转流动主要表现为内筒壁面附近的边界层流动, 基于这一事实得到了周向速度分布的解析表达式. 其次, 通过引入新参数扩展Cebeci-Smith代数湍流模型, 使其能考虑流线曲率、壁面吸气、低Reynolds数效应等因素. 针对这些因素的综合影响, 采用解析修正和经验参数对模型进行调整. 同时, 基于Reynolds应力湍流模型的仿真结果, 校准代数湍流模型中的经验参数. 最后, 给出基于广义Cebeci-Smith湍流模型的旋转壁面边界层流动的迭代算法, 该算法适用于需要特殊迭代过程的轴向及周向流动均匀情况. 计算了不同旋转速度和吸气强度组合工况下的边界层流动, 其周向速度和湍流强度分布与基于Reynolds应力湍流模型的计算结果非常接近. 并且表明, 当Reynolds应力湍流模型数值模拟预测内筒边界层为稳定层流时, 该方法也再现了相同初始条件下的层流边界层.     

强吸气旋转圆筒壁面湍流边界层建模及计算

提出了湍流边界层的一种简单、快速计算方法, 用以求解强吸气作用下旋转圆筒表面边界层流动. 首先, 理论分析了同心圆筒间的旋转流体运动, 外筒静止、内筒旋转且为多孔吸气条件. 强吸气情况下旋转流动主要表现为内筒壁面附近的边界层流动, 基于这一事实得到了周向速度分布的解析表达式. 其次, 通过引入新参数扩展Cebeci-Smith代数湍流模型, 使其能考虑流线曲率、壁面吸气、低Reynolds数效应等因素. 针对这些因素的综合影响, 采用解析修正和经验参数对模型进行调整. 同时, 基于Reynolds应力湍流模型的仿真结果, 校准代数湍流模型中的经验参数. 最后, 给出基于广义Cebeci-Smith湍流模型的旋转壁面边界层流动的迭代算法, 该算法适用于需要特殊迭代过程的轴向及周向流动均匀情况. 计算了不同旋转速度和吸气强度组合工况下的边界层流动, 其周向速度和湍流强度分布与基于Reynolds应力湍流模型的计算结果非常接近. 并且表明, 当Reynolds应力湍流模型数值模拟预测内筒边界层为稳定层流时, 该方法也再现了相同初始条件下的层流边界层.      

Certain effects occurring during boundary-layer control on a section of a surface

We examine the boundary layer on a plate upon which a circular cylinder is mounted. In investigations of this problem, the solution has successfully been found by numerical methods [1–3] only outside a certain domain whose location depends on the selection of the coordinate system, the spacings of the difference mesh [1], and, possibly, the computation method. Hence, a question arises as to whether it is impossible to solve the problem in a broader domain by modifying the algorithm; in other words, what is the maximum domain in which the solution of the boundary-layer equation can be found if the flow in the separation zone ahead of the obstacle is unknown? Application of the influence principle permitted the work set forth below to provide an answer to this question. The influence of cooling a section of surface on the boundary-layer characteristic was studied in [4] for parabolic external flow streamlines. The influence of cooling strips near the plane of symmetry on separation of a three-dimensional boundary layer is investigated numerically in the present paper. Experimental results that agree qualitatively with the flow singularities in the boundary layer exposed in the computation during boundary-layer control on a section of the surface are presented.     

水泵叶片表面三维边界层计算

本文用有限差分法计算混流式可逆水力机械水泵工况叶片表面的三维边界层。水泵叶轮中主流区的三维势流由直接边界元法计算。对于叶片面附近的粘性流动。用三维半正交坐标系中的边界层方程表示。为了提高计算精度采用贴体坐标技术生成边界层区域的计算网格。并利用Cebeci等变换函数及Keller差分格式离散方程。用分块解法求解。计算叶轮叶片表面的压力分布与相应试验结果进行了对比。