Local connectedness and extension of uniformly continuous functions

A metric space X is straight if for each finite cover of X by closed sets, and for each real valued function f on X, if f is uniformly continuous on each set of the cover, then f is uniformly continuous on the whole of X. The straight spaces have been studied in [A. Berarducci, D. Dikranjan, J. Pelant, An additivity theorem for uniformly continuous functions, Topology and its Applications 146-147 (2005) 339-352], which contains characterization of the straight spaces within the class of the locally connected spaces (they are the uniformly locally connected ones) and the class of the totally disconnected spaces (they coincide with the totally disconnected Atsuji spaces). We show that the completion of a straight space is straight and we characterize the dense straight subspaces of a straight space. In order to clarify further the relation between straightness and the level of local connectedness of the space we introduce two more intermediate properties between straightness and uniform local connectedness and we give various examples to distinguish them. One of these properties coincides with straightness for complete spaces and provides in this way a useful characterization of complete straight spaces in terms of the behaviour of the quasi-components of the space.     

Merotopological Spaces

In this paper we introduce a new topological-type of structured set called merotopological space. The appropriate morphisms are defined and characterizations of the corresponding initial and final structures are given. The resulting category contains as fully embedded subcategories not only the category of topological spaces and continuous maps but also the category of merotopic spaces and uniformly continuous maps, and, a fortiori, the category of nearness spaces and the category of uniform spaces. A functorial completion is constructed for merotopological spaces using bunches. A problem that has remained long open in the setting of nearness spaces is to find an internal characterization of the epireflective hull of the topological spaces. We solve the analogue of this problem in the setting of merotopological spaces. Applications to the Wyler prime closed filter compactification and to Taimanov's extension theorem are given.     

Uniform universal covers of uniform spaces

We develop a generalized covering space theory for a class of uniform spaces called coverable spaces. Coverable spaces include all geodesic metric spaces, connected and locally pathwise connected compact topological spaces, in particular Peano continua, as well as more pathological spaces like the topologist's sine curve. The uniform universal cover of a coverable space is a kind of generalized cover with universal and lifting properties in the category of uniform spaces and uniformly continuous mappings. Associated with the uniform universal cover is a functorial uniform space invariant called the deck group, which is related to the classical fundamental group by a natural homomorphism. We obtain some specific results for one-dimensional spaces.     

Some notes on connectedness in nearness frames

Abstract

We study the uniform connection properties of uniform local connectedness, a weaker variant of the latter, and a certain property S in the context of nearness frames. We show that the uniformly locally connected nearness frames form a reflective subcategory of the category of nearness frames whose underlying frame is locally connected. Amongst other results we show that these uniform connection properties are conserved and reflected by perfect nearness extensions which are uniformly regular.     

Products of straight spaces

A metric space X is straight if for each finite cover of X by closed sets, and for each real valued function f on X, if f is uniformly continuous on each set of the cover, then f is uniformly continuous on the whole of X. A locally connected space is straight iff it is uniformly locally connected (ULC). It is easily seen that ULC spaces are stable under finite products. On the other hand the product of two straight spaces is not necessarily straight. We prove that the product X×Y of two metric spaces is straight if and only if both X and Y are straight and one of the following conditions holds:

(a)

both X and Y are precompact;

(b)

both X and Y are locally connected;

(c)

one of the spaces is both precompact and locally connected.

In particular, when X satisfies (c), the product X×Z is straight for every straight space Z.Finally, we characterize when infinite products of metric spaces are ULC and we completely solve the problem of straightness of infinite products of ULC spaces.     

NORMAL NEARNESS SPACES

A concept of normality for nearness spaces is introduced which agrees with the usual normality in the case of topological spaces, is hereditary, and is preserved under the taking of the nearness completion. It is proved that the nearness product of a regular contigual space and a normal nearness space is always normal. The locally fine nearness spaces are studied, particularly in relation to normality conditions.     

EQUI-MORPHIC FAMILIES IN CATEGORIES

Motivated by his previous work on proximally fine and on equi-p-fine uniform spaces, the author extends some results about equi-uniformly continuous families of functions to the general setting of equi-morphic families in a category.     

Cartesian-closed coreflective subcategories of uniform spaces generated by classes of metric spaces

The main result, in Theorem 3, is that in the category Unif of Hausdorff uniform spaces and uniformly continuous maps, the coreflective hulls of the following classes are cartesian-closed: all metric spaces having no infinite uniform partition, all connected metric spaces, all bounded metric spaces, and all injective metric spaces.Furthermore, Theorems 1 and 4 imply that if $\text{C}$ is any coreflective, cartesian-closed subcategory of Unif in which enough function space structures are finer than the uniformity of uniform convergence (as in the above examples), then either (1) $\text{C}$ is a subclass of the locally fine spaces, or (2) $\text{C}$ contains all injective metric spaces and $\text{C}$ is a subclass of the coreflective hull of all uniform spaces having no infinite uniform partition.     

SUPERCATEGORIES OF THE CATEGORY OF NEARNESS SPACES

Abstract

The framework in which nearness spaces were defined by H. Herrlich [1] and [2], leads one to consider the supercategory Pow of the category Near of nearness spaces, having as objects all pairs (X,ξ), where X is a set and ξ ? P(P(X)) is any subset of the power set of the power set of X, and as morphisms f: (X,ξ) → (Y,n) all functions f: X → Y such that, if A ? ξ then fA □ {f(A) | A ξ A} ? η. In this paper we show that the full subcategories of Pow comprising the objects satisfying subsets of the prenearness space axioms lie in a lattice of bireflections or bicoreflections. This serves as a first step towards the aim of characterizing all bireflective (resp. bicoreflective) and even all initially complete subcategories of Pow.     

Between compactness and completeness

Call a sequence in a metric space cofinally Cauchy if for each positive ε there exists a cofinal (rather than residual) set of indices whose corresponding terms are ε-close. We give a number of new characterizations of metric spaces for which each cofinally Cauchy sequence has a cluster point. For example, a space has such a metric if and only each continuous function defined on it is uniformly locally bounded. A number of results exploit a measure of local compactness functional that we introduce. We conclude with a short proof of Romaguera's Theorem: a metrizable space admits such a metric if and only if its set of points having a compact neighborhood has compact complement.     

Products of quotients in near

Solving problem 13 of [1], it is shown that in the category Near of nearness spaces and uniformly continuous maps quotients are not even finitely productive.     

Extremal structure and Samuel compactification

Let M be a uniform space and X the Banach space of bounded and uniformly continuous functions from M into R, provided with its supremum norm.The aim of this paper is to discuss the connection between the geometry of X and the nature of M. In particular, we will prove that certain reconstructions of the unit ball of X by means of its extreme points admit a translation in terms of extension of uniformly continuous functions. We also analyze the impact of these properties on the Samuel compactification of M.     

STRONGLY SEQUENTIALLY CONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS

Abstract

Given a topological abelian group G, we study the class of strongly sequentially continuous functions on G. Strong sequential continuity is a property intermediate between sequential continuity and uniform sequential continuity, which appeared naturally in the study of smooth functions on Banach spaces. In this paper, we shall mainly concentrate on the gap between strong sequential continuity and uniform sequential continuity. It turns out that if G has some completeness property—for example, if it is completely metrizable—then all strongly sequentially continuous functions on G are uniformly sequentially continuous. On the other hand, we exhibit a large and natural class of groups for which the two notions differ. This class is defined by a property reminiscent of the classical Dirichlet theorem; it includes all dense sugroups of R generated by an increasing sequence of Dirichlet sets, and groups of the form (X, w), where X is a separable Banach space failing the Schur property. Finally, we show that the family of bounded, real-valued strongly sequentially continuous functions on G is a closed subalgebra of l∞(G).     

Bead spaces and fixed point theorems

The notion of a bead metric space defined here (see Definition 6) is a nice generalization of that of the uniformly convex normed space. In turn, the idea of a central point for a mapping when combined with the “single central point” property of the bead spaces enables us to obtain strong and elegant extensions of the Browder-Göhde-Kirk fixed point theorem for nonexpansive mappings (see Theorems 14-17). Their proofs are based on a very simple reasoning. We also prove two theorems on continuous selections for metric and Hilbert spaces. They are followed by fixed point theorems of Schauder type. In the final part we obtain a result on nonempty intersection.     

RELATIVE COMPACTNESS AND COMPACTNESS OF GENERAL SUBSETS IN AN I- TOPOLOGICAL SPACE

Abstract

In a previous work, we introduced a form of compactness applicable to general fuzzy sets in an I-topological space. It was shown that many of the standard results for compactness in general topology remain valid in the fuzzy setting. In this paper we continue our investigations into the behaviour of compact fuzzy subsets. We also introduce the notion of a relatively compact fuzzy subset and obtain results very similar to those of general topology. Many of our results are in the setting of fuzzy neighbourhood space and fuzzy uniform spaces. In particular, a number of criteria for compactness, already known for the whole space, are extended to arbitrary fuzzy subsets in a fuzzy neighbourhood space.     

PROXIMAL LIMIT SPACES

Abstract

The proximal limit spaces are introduced which fill the gap arising from the existence of proximity spaces, uniform spaces, and uniform limit spaces. It is shown that the proximal limit spaces can be considered as a bireflective subcategory of the topological category of uniform limit spaces. A limit space is induced by a proximal limit space if and only if it is a S₁-limit space.     

Selection properties of uniform and related structures

In this paper we present some results on selection properties in asymmetric generalized metric and uniform spaces. We demonstrate differences between selection properties of these spaces and selection properties of metric and uniform spaces.     

HOMOLOGY AND COHOMOLOGY FOR MEROTOPIC AND NEARNESS SPACES

It is shown that the Alexander cohomology groups for merotopic spaces satisfy certain variants of the Eilenberg—Steenrod axioms for a cohomology theory. Furthermore, for a nearness space, the homology and cohomology groups coincide with the corresponding groups of its completion.