激光等离子体相互作用的受激拉曼散射饱和效应

在激光等离子体相互作用过程中,受激拉曼散射（SRS）会通过Langmuir波衰减不稳定性（LDI）和电子俘获两种机理饱和.文章给出均匀一维等离子体和低强度非相对论激光作用中,LDI和电子俘获两种机理下的SRS饱和时间的解析表达式.SRS饱和时间与入射激光强度,电子密度,电子温度,初始电子密度微扰等参数有关.解析理论计算得到了与模拟和实验相符的结果. 关键词： 受激拉曼散射 饱和 Langmuir波衰变不稳定性（LDI） 电子俘获     

气体激光中的对流效应

介质流动对于气体激光功率输出的大幅度提高,起着决定性的作用。分析表明:表征连续波激光的饱和强度和光功率密度(或小信号增益系数)均随流速而非线性地增大,并趋向各自的极限值;饱和强度的增加量约不超过10倍;光功率密度的大幅度增加起因于激励能在气流中的累积。这些结论与常用理论关于饱和强度随流速线性且无限地增大,光功率密度增大起因于饱和强度增大的结论并不相同。本文关于饱和强度随气流渡越时间变化的定量结果与流动CO₂气体激光饱和强度的测试结果相符。 关键词：     

Das Neutralgasprofil und die Elektronentemperatur in der Freifallsäule bei hohem Ionisationsgrad

The formula for the ion density is corrected. Furthermore, for different accommodation coefficients at the wall numerical values of the neutral atom velocities in argon ion lasers are estimated. The neutral gas heating by electron collisions is relatively small in argon ion lasers.     

气体激光器中的类透镜效应分析

本文讨论了类负透镜介质一般曲面镜光学谐振腔,并用来分析气体激光器中的热透镜效应。对平凹腔连续波二氧化碳激光器进行了模式分析。结果表明,热透镜效应对输出功率和频率特性影响相当大,对基模输出激光器的影响最为突出。最后,简单地讨论了离子气体激光器和某些其它激光器中的可能热透镜效应。     

Radiation trapping effects in Cu, Mn, Ca, Sr, and Ba vapor lasers

The radiation trapping effect was investigated in Cu, Mn, Ca, Sr, and Ba vapor lasers with a cylinder discharge tube. Compared with the negligible impact induced by the gas temperature, the lower level population density of radiation trapping was found to dominate the effective spontaneous emission probability. Meanwhile a tube radius scanning from 1 mm to 20 mm revealed that the threshold parameters of radiation trapping effect were affected little by the tube radius when the radius changed from 20 mm to 5 mm, but they varied visibly when the tube radius decreased from 5 mm to 1 mm. Furthermore, the threshold temperature and the lower level population density of the radiation trapping effect in six resonant lines in Cu, Mn, Ca, Sr and Ba vapor lasers were calculated, and the threshold temperature was found to be close to the initial lasing temperature of the corresponding resonance level to metastable level transition.     

The use of low power air-cooled lasers in conjunction with an intensified diode array for Raman spectroscopy

A range of air-cooled lasers operating with a single phase electricity supply has been evaluated for use in laser-Raman spectroscopy. Three main types of laser are available — helium-neon, argon, and helium-cadmium. Such lasers should prove valuable for applications such as on-line sampling in hostile environments, where their robust nature and low cost give distinct advantages over conventional water-cooled gas ion lasers.     

Transient development of backward stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering on a picosecond time scale measured by subpicosecond thomson diagnostic

The excitation and the relaxation of the plasma waves and ion acoustic waves (IAW), respectively, driven by stimulated Raman (SRS) and Brillouin (SBS) backscatterings have been experimentally investigated with short-pulse lasers. The spectra have been obtained with a 0.3 ps time resolution. It is shown that SRS develops before SBS and suddenly decays around the peak of the pump, as the IAW reaches saturation. On this short time scale, electron kinetic effects play a major role for SRS saturation, contrary to ion dynamics. These results are supported by particle-in-cell simulations.     

The bi-directional amplifier in the constant intensity approximation and its application to KrF lasers

Bi-directional and folded laser amplifiers are analysed in the constant intensity approximation. Simple analytical expressions are developed for gain, output intensity and extraction efficiency. The analysis is applied to electron-beam pumped KrF lasers and expressions for saturation intensity, small-signal gain coefficient and intrinsic efficiency in terms of gas composition and pump power per unit volume are given. The problem of fluorine burn-up in KrF lasers is discussed. Under certain conditions the analysis is shown to be equally applicable to oscillators and comparison is made with previous experimental results and computer code predictions.     

Observation of pulse trapping in a near-zero dispersion regime

We report pulse trapping in passively mode-locked fiber lasers operating in a near-zero dispersion regime. Two polarization components of vector pulses have different central wavelengths while copropagating as a unit in fiber lasers. The vector pulses exhibit smooth Gaussian spectral profile without any sidebands, qualitatively distinct from those observed in net-anomalous and net-normal fiber lasers. Numerical simulations suggest that the pulse trapping depends not only on fiber birefringence and cavity dispersion but also on saturable absorption effect. The experimental observations are in good agreement with the numerical simulations.     

碱土金属原子激光的共振辐射俘获效应

根据Holstein理论研究了碱土金属原子激光中的共振辐射俘获效应，分别计算了Ca，Sr和Ba蒸气激光在不同半径时产生共振辐射俘获效应的阈值温度、基态粒子数密度和共振能级的有效寿命.发现计算得到的阈值温度与实验报道的开始产生激光的工作温度一致，表明共振辐射俘获效应是这类激光形成粒子数反转的一个重要机制. 关键词： 共振辐射俘获 碱土金属原子激光 阈值温度     

Dependence of the amplifying parameters on buffer gases in copper-vapor lasers

We use a pair of copper-vapor lasers in the oscillator–amplifier configuration for investigating the small-signal gain and the intensity saturation as the amplifying parameters, versus the pressure of various types of buffer gases. We show that the small-signal gain increases and the intensity saturation decreases with increase in the air pressure. Moreover, the values of these parameters are different for various gases used in the amplifier media. We show that both parameters are greater at the atmosphere of neon as a buffer gas than that of a mixture of helium and neon or air.     

碟型量子阱微腔激光器的低阈值激射

利用反应离子刻蚀(RIE)和湿法腐蚀方法在InGaAs/InGaAsP多量子阱材料上研制出直径为8μm、4.5μm和2μm的碟型半导体微腔激光器。其中2μm直径的微碟在液氮温度下其光泵浦激射阈值仅为3μW左右。对高光功率密度下泵浦时出现的多模激射、跳模和激射光谱强度饱和现象进行了研究。并对微碟激光器的激射光谱线宽特性进行了初步的分析。     

Pressure Dependence of the Small-Signal Gain and Saturation Intensity of a Copper Bromide Laser

A pair of copper bromide lasers in an oscillator-amplifier configuration is used to investigate the small signal gain and saturation intensity as amplifying parameters and output power of lasers, versus pressure of buffer gas. It is shown that the amplifying parameters and laser output power have a maximum value at optimum buffer gas pressure of 11 Torr. The challenge between microscopic parameters such as stimulated emission cross section, laser upper level lifetime, and population inversion, which determine the values of laser characteristics respective to the operational pressure of buffer gas, are investigated. Thus an optimum delay time of about 10 ns is determined, and a maximum output power equivalent to about 12 W is extracted. The amplifying parameters and measured output power of laser versus delay times show some local maxima and minima at the delay time interval of 6-43 ns.     

High contrast Ramsey fringes with coherent-population-trapping pulses in a double lambda atomic system

We report the observation of Raman-Ramsey fringes using a double lambda scheme creating coherent population trapping in an atomic ensemble combined with pulsed optical radiations. The observation was made in a Cs vapor mixed with N2 buffer gas in a closed cell. The double lambda scheme is created with lin perpendicular lin polarized laser beams leading to higher contrast than the usual simple lambda scheme. The pulsed trapping technique leads to narrow fringe widths scaling as 1/(2T) with high contrasts which are no longer limited by the saturation effect. This technique operates in a different way from the classical Ramsey sequence: the signal is done by applying a long trapping pulse to prepare the atomic state superposition, and fringe detection is accomplished by optical transmission during a short second trapping pulse without any perturbation of the dark state.     

Frequency dependence of amplifying parameters of a copper vapor laser using air as a buffer gas

We use a pair of copper vapor lasers in an oscillator–amplifier configuration to investigate amplifying parameters such as the small signal gain and the saturation intensity versus the pulse repetition frequency when two different types of buffer gases are employed. We show that the values of these parameters are not the same if different gas mixtures are used in the gain medium. We show that the values of the parameters are estimated to be higher if a He–Ne buffer gas is used than in the case of air. The laser output power is relatively high and has fairly good stability at some special pulse repetition frequencies when air is used as a buffer gas.     

Energy theory of waveguide distributed feedback gas lasers

In this paper systematic numerical studies of the nonlinear operation of a waveguide distributed feedback gas laser equipped with a metal waveguide of rectangular cross section are presented. An approximate formula relating small-signal gain with the output power and the parameters of the structure for this kind of lasers is derived. Characteristics revealing saturation effects for weak as well as strong coupling regions are presented.Academic guest from the Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Technical University, Warsaw, Poland     

40K-87Rb原子冷却的半导体激光系统

对⁴⁰K-⁸⁷Rb原子冷却的半导体激光系统提出了一种实验方案，并进行了初步实验.采用三台外腔光栅反馈半导体激光器(ECDL)、四台注入锁定从激光器和一台半导体激光放大器组成激光系统.三台ECDL通过声光调制器产生四束光，分别作为⁴⁰K和⁸⁷Rb原子的冷却光和再抽运光，四束不同频率成分的激光分别注入锁定四台从激光器，然后Rb 冷却光、K冷却光和K再抽运光再同时注入半导体激光放大器进行放大.该装置可同时产生冷却⁴⁰K和⁸⁷Rb原子的冷却光和再抽运光，结构紧凑、工作稳定. 关键词： 简并费米气体 激光器系统 外腔光栅反馈半导体激光器 半导体激光放大器     

Buffer-gas-cooled ion clouds in a classical Paul trap: superimposed stability diagrams and trapping capacity investigations

Ion clouds of different species and variable size are stored in a 3D Paul trap and detected after extraction from the trap. We report on measurements of the superimposed stability regions of four simultaneously stored ion species. We determine the operating conditions for trapping capacity under variation of buffer gas pressure and observe space charge shifts for a specific ion in the presence of other elements.     

Sättigungsverhalten und Verlauf der Elektronentemperatur beim Argon-Ionenlaser

Recently saturation of laser power ofCW ion lasers has been observed with large bored laser tubes made of metal segments. The saturation was observed in Argon, Krypton and Xenon in high current regions. In this case it was necessary to calculate the correlation between the electron temperature, electron- and ion-density and on the other hand the discharge quantities as current density and voltage drop. By measuring the discharge quantities at optimum laser power it is possible to determine the optimum electron temperature for any current density. The comparison of the run of these quantities leads to the assumption that the saturation mechanism causes a decrease of the optimum electron temperature.