压电条SH声辐射场研究

具有一定宽度和厚度的无穷长压电条置于均匀各向同性半空间上, 压电条在电激励下产生机械振动从而在整个空间产生声场. 将压电条取为6mm晶系, 其对称主轴沿长度方向. 针对这 种压电换能器结构, 深入研究了SH波的激发和辐射特性. 首先将压电条中的声场展开为傅里 叶级数, 而将压电条下的无界半空间中的声场展开为傅里叶积分, 然后根据边界条件得到了 整个空间中声场的求解方案, 通过数值模拟计算了声场的分布特性, 并和传统方法进行了定 量的对比和分析. 最后采用最陡下降法(鞍点法)研究并得到了压电条声辐射场的远场近似表 达式, 分析了声场的指向性规律. 结果表明只有当频率f和压电条宽度a的乘积 fa<1 kHz·m 时, 传统方法得到的结果是可靠的，当频率升高时，压电条内应力和位移呈振荡式分布，频率愈高振荡愈激烈，且与传统方法的差异愈大.本文对声学微系统与声传感器件的研究具有 重要意义. 关键词： 压电条 6mm晶系 表面位移 指向性因子     

含磁电弹夹层的压电/压磁声子晶体带隙特性研究

将具有力电磁耦合性能的夹层引入到压电/压磁声子晶体中,在保持单胞长度为固定值的情况下,分别改变磁电弹夹层的厚度、磁电弹夹层中压电材料的体积分数和磁电弹夹层中压电材料的种类;并利用传递矩阵法和Bloch定理,得到波数k与频率ω的色散关系;通过色散关系图分析不同的磁电弹夹层对压电/压磁声子晶体带隙特性的影响.研究发现:当磁电弹夹层厚度增加时,带隙的中心频率上升,带隙宽度变宽;当磁电弹夹层中压电材料体积分数增加时,带隙中心频率下降,第一带隙宽度变窄,第二带隙宽度增加,第三带隙宽度保持不变;当磁电弹夹层中的压电材料种类不同时,带隙的中心频率和带隙宽度有明显的改变;磁电弹夹层对压电/压磁声子晶体带隙中心频率的影响在高频区比低频区更显著.     

Microstrip dipoles on electrically thick substrates

Certain basic radiation properties of microstrip dipoles on electrically thick substrates are investigated, and a comparison is made with the case of dipoles printed on a dielectric half-space. It is concluded that the microstrip dipole radiation properties become sensitive to substrate loss as the substrate thickness increases, with the half-space properties obtained for an adequate amount of loss. Asymptotic formulas for radiated power and efficiency are given for both the thick substrate and half-space problems, showing the behavior with increasing dielectric constant. The method of moments is used to extend the analysis to center-fed strip dipoles, and a method of improving both the efficiency and gain of a printed antenna by using a superstrate layer is discussed.This research was supported by NSF Research Grant ESC 82-15408 and U.S. Army Research Grant DAAG-29-83-K-0067.     

AC power loss for superconducting strips of arbitrary thickness carrying a transport current

The magnetic field and current distributions are computed numerically for a superconducting strip in the critical state with infinite length, but finite thickness and width. The width to thickness ratio is varied from 1 to 100, covering the range from square bars to thick films. For large aspect ratios (>10) the current and field distributions differ significantly from the 2D solution, because the Norris solution does not take into account (and thus does not shield) the transverse field parallel to the strip. Power loss exponents are calculated and found to vary from roughly 3 in a square bar to 4 in a highly aspected thin strip. In particular in the thin strip case the power loss exponents are current dependent due to the contribution of the loss caused by the transverse magnetic field. The loss in a multifilamentary conductor (or cable) is also estimated, taking into account the loss in the filaments. It is found that the overall loss (without coupling) is enhanced by a factor 1+1/n, where n is the number of filaments.     

Propagation of SH-waves in two anisotropic layers bonded to an isotropic half-space under gravity

This study reports a theoretical investigation of the propagation of SH-wave in a piezoelectric layer superimposed on a self-reinforced layer overlying an isotropic gravitational half-space. The expressions of the dispersion relation of SH-wave have been established for electrically open and electrically short conditions in closed form. For the purpose of numerical computation, lithium niobate piezoelectric material has been considered. The dispersion curves have been depicted graphically and the prominent impacts of piezoelectric constant, dielectric constant, reinforced parameter, width ratio, and Biot’s gravity parameter on the phase velocity of SH-wave have been unraveled for both the electrical conditions. As a special case of the problem, it is found that the obtained dispersion relation concurs with classical Love wave equation for both the electrical conditions. Moreover, some important peculiarities have also been traced out through numerical computations for both the electrical cases.     

On the Cutoff Wavelength of Rectangular-Shaped Microshield Line by Edge Element Method

In this paper, the cutoff characteristic of rectangular-shaped microshield transmission line has been analysed by edge element method. Dependence of cutoff wavelengths on the thickness of metallic signal strip, dielectric constant of dielectric substrate and the width of the rectangular-shaped ground conductor are presented in tabular form. Numerical results in this paper have important values in design of rectangular-shaped microshield lines in microwave and millimeter wave integrated circuits.     

A Study of Crack-Face Boundary Conditions for Piezoelectric Strip Cut Along Two Equal Collinear Cracks

A problem of two equal, semi-permeable, collinear cracks, situated normal to the edges of an infinitely long piezoelectric strip is considered. Piezoelectric strip being prescribed out-of-plane shear stress and in-plane electric-displacement. The Fourier series and integral equation methods are adopted to obtain analytical solution of the problem. Closed-form analytic expressions are derived for various fracture parameters viz. crack-sliding displacement, crack opening potential drop, field intensity factors and energy release rate. An numerical case study is considered for poled PZT−5H, $BaTiO_3$ and PZT−6B piezoelectric ceramics to study the effect of applied electro-mechanical loadings, crack-face boundary conditions as well as inter-crack distance on fracture parameters. The obtained results are presented graphically, discussed and concluded.     

Characteristics analysis of hybrid plasmonic waveguide for low-loss lightwave guiding

It has been experimentally demonstrated that a low-loss guided hybrid mode is supported if a metal strip is embedded in a low index polymer layer surrounded by two high index slabs. In this paper, further numerical analyses on the guided hybrid modes are reported to fully elucidate the characteristics of the hybrid plasmonic waveguide. For a one-dimensional slab structure with a metal film of infinite width, simulation results exhibit that low-loss guided hybrid modes are associated with surface plasmon modes and dual dielectric slab modes. The optical properties of the guided modes are improved by increasing the field intensity which is confined into lossless dielectric layers by decreasing the metal film thickness and increasing the refractive index and thickness of the high-index slabs. The finite element method is used to investigate the lateral mode confinement of the optical guided modes by the corresponding metal strip. By reducing the metal film width, the guided modes are confined in the plane transverse to the direction of propagation and the characteristics are significantly improved. The hybrid plasmonic waveguide can be exploited for long-range propagation-based application such as optical interconnection.     

Thermocapillary deformation of a water layer at local heating

A horizontal water layer of 0.29-0.44 mm thickness, locally heated from the substrate, is investigated. The value of thermocapillary deformation occurring at local heating is measured by an inverted laser scanning confocal microscope Zeiss LSM 510 Meta. The heater in the form of strip of 0.5-mm width, 40-mm length, and 0.5-mm height made of indium oxide is sputtered on a sapphire substrate. The water temperature from the side of the substrate is measured using the infrared scanner Titanium 570M. We studied in detail the effect of the initial layer thickness and heating power on the value of thermocapillary deformation and temperature field. It is shown that deformation increases with an increase in thermal capacity and decrease in the layer thickness. Results of numerical simulation are in good qualitative agreement with the measurement results.     

ST-X石英基片上铬栅阵中单根栅条反射系数实验研究

精确的栅条反射系数对于声表面波器件的设计至关重要。本文利用网络分析仪的时域功能,采用短脉冲方法实验研究了ST-X石英基片上铬栅阵中单根栅条的反射系数。并推导出计算反射系数的公式。实验测量了不同铬膜厚度条件下单根指条的反射系数,再对实验结果作最小方差法拟合,得到反射系数随铬膜厚度变化的表达式,即反射系数中压电短路贡献和铬的力学负载贡献之和。最后将实验结果与采用有限元方法计算的理论结果比较,发现两者基本吻合。     

Love waves in a layered functionally graded piezoelectric structure under initial stress

Abstract

To study the effect of initial stress on the propagation behavior of Love waves in a layered functionally graded piezoelectric structure, a mathematical model is established. The piezoelectric layer is taken as exponentially graded material where as half-space is taken as simply elastic substratum. The coupled electromechanical field equations are solved analytically to obtain the mechanical displacements and electrical potential functions for the piezoelectric layer and elastic substrate. The dispersion relations are obtained for electrically open and short cases. The higher mode Love wave propagation has been considered. For numerical interpretation of the results, four sets of piezoelectric layer and elastic substrate have been taken into consideration. Graphical representation reveals about the effect of initial stress and the effect of inhomogeneity parameter on the phase velocity against wave number for electrically open and electrically short cases, respectively.     

二维磁流变包层声学超材料*

该文构建了以钨为内核、环氧树脂为基体、磁流变弹性体作为包层的二维局域共振型声学超材料,采用有限元方法分析了声波的能带结构、透射率、振动模。研究结果表明:利用外磁场可以调控磁流变弹性体包层的弹性模量,从而调节声学超材料带隙的中心位置和宽度,还可以通过改变磁流变弹性体包层的厚度来调节带隙的中心位置和宽度。这些方法对可调型声学超材料的设计有重要的参考意义。     

楔条形阳极探测器位置灵敏的理论计算

通过对楔条形阳极探测器位置灵敏坐标计算公式的推导,证明了楔形和条纹分布面积所对应的级数是等差级数.分析了楔形底宽和条纹宽度等差系数这两个设计参量对探测灵敏度的影响.研究了电极电容的电容性耦合效应对位置灵敏的影响,通过对楔条形阳极探测器坐标计算公式的修正,可在不影响分辨率的前提下有效地消除电容性耦合效应所产生的扭曲变形.     

Piezoelectric polarization and quantum size effects on the vertical transport in AlGaN/GaN resonant tunneling diodes

In this work,the electronic properties of resonant tunneling diodes(RTDs) based on GaN-AlxGa(1-x)N double barriers are investigated by using the non-equilibrium Green functions formalism(NEG).These materials each present a wide conduction band discontinuity and a strong internal piezoelectric field,which greatly affect the electronic transport properties.The electronic density,the transmission coefficient,and the current–voltage characteristics are computed with considering the spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations.The influence of the quantum size on the transmission coefficient is analyzed by varying GaN quantum well thickness,Al_xGa_(1-x)N width,and the aluminum concentration x_(Al).The results show that the transmission coefficient more strongly depends on the thickness of the quantum well than the barrier;it exhibits a series of resonant peaks and valleys as the quantum well width increases.In addition,it is found that the negative differential resistance(NDR) in the current–voltage(I–V) characteristic strongly depends on aluminum concentration xAl.It is shown that the peak-to-valley ratio(PVR) increases with xAlvalue decreasing.These findings open the door for developing vertical transport nitrides-based ISB devices such as THz lasers and detectors.     

Approximated Analytical Solution of a Problem on Indentation of an Electro-Elastic Half-Space with Inhomogeneous Coating by a Conductive Punch

The paper addresses to the development of the bilateral asymptotic method of solution of contact problems taking into account electro-mechanical fields coupling. Approximated analytical solutions are provided for contact problems on indentation of an electroelastic piezoelectric half-space with inhomogeneous in depth piezoelectric coating by a rigid conductive circular flat, spherical or conical punch.     

Magnetoresistance anisotropy of a one-dimensional superconducting niobium strip

We investigated confinement effects on the resistive anisotropy of a superconducting niobium strip with a rectangular cross section. When its transverse dimensions are comparable to the superconducting coherence length, the angle dependent magnetoresistances at a fixed temperature can be scaled as R(theta,H) = R(H/Hctheta) where Hctheta =Hc0(cos2theta + gamma(-2)sin2theta)(-1/2) is the angular dependent critical field, gamma is the width to thickness ratio, and Hc0 is the critical field in the thickness direction at theta=0 degrees . The results can be understood in terms of the anisotropic diamagnetic energy for a given field in a one-dimensional superconductor.     

A study on the applications of the acoustic design sensitivity analysis of vibrating bodies

The determination of the sensitivity of the acoustical characteristics of vibrating systems with respect to the variation of the design parameters predicting these characteristics is a necessary and important step of the acoustic design and optimization process. Acoustic design sensitivity analysis includes the computation and evaluation of the sensitivity information required for this procedure. In this study, a boundary element code performing the sensitivity analysis of the acoustic pressure by using the matrix sensitivities with respect to different design variables has been developed. The effect of the precision of boundary element discretization on the acoustic pressure sensitivity is examined via this code. The formulation is applied to a multi-source system and the dimension sensitivity analysis of near field pressures of two-dilating-spherical source is performed. The last application is devoted to a real sound source: a washing machine sitting on the floor. Sensitivity of the field pressures to the machine’s dimensions (size), surface velocity and frequency is examined on the bases of the boundary element model of the machine and half-space condition. The impacts of these variables are compared; and a limiting speed for the machine responding both the acoustical and operational requirements is determined.     

Analysis on vibration characteristics of large-size rectangular piezoelectric composite plate based on quasi-periodic phononic crystal structure

Based on the theory of composite materials and phononic crystals (PCs), a large-size rectangular piezoelectric composite plate with the quasi-periodic PC structure composed of PZT-4 and epoxy is proposed in this paper. This PC structure can suppress the transverse vibration of the piezoelectric composite plate so that the thickness mode is purer and the thickness vibration amplitude is more uniform. Firstly, the vibration of the model is analyzed theoretically, the electromechanical equivalent circuit diagram of three-dimensional coupled vibration is established, and the resonance frequency equation is derived. The effects of the length, width, and thickness of the piezoelectric composite plate at the resonant frequency are obtained by the analytical method and the finite element method, the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient is also analyzed. The results show that the resonant frequency can be changed regularly and the electromechanical conversion can be improved by adjusting the size of the rectangular piezoelectric plate. The effect of the volume fraction of the scatterer on the resonant frequency in the thickness direction is studied by the finite element method. The band gap in X and Y directions of large-size rectangular piezoelectric plate with quasi-periodic PC structures are calculated. The results show that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the simulation results. When the resonance frequency is in the band gap, the decoupling phenomenon occurs, and then the vibration mode in the thickness direction is purer.     

Computations and measurements of transient stress waves and electrical voltages generated by transmitting ultrasonic piezoelectric transducers

the Mason model is used to compute the transient stress generated by a thickness mode piezoelectric transducer excited by a step voltage for various backings or loadings. The predicted stress pulse is experimentally shown to conform with the plane wave component of the radiation field. Verification is effected after visualizing the real radiation field and isolating its plane wave component and after applying surface transduction for detection.From the transmitting transducer a generated voltage is brought to attention. This quantity is closely related to the width of the initial pulse in the received ultrasonic signal display. The theoretical induced voltages are verified experimentally.