Dy3+对Tb3+激活硅酸盐氟氧闪烁玻璃发光性能的影响

采用高温熔融法制备了Dy3+或Tb3+单掺和Dy3+/Tb3+共掺硅酸盐氟氧闪烁玻璃。通过对傅里叶变换红外光谱、透射光谱、光致激发和发射光谱、X射线激发发射光谱及荧光衰减曲线的分析,研究Dy3+与Tb3+之间的能量传递关系以及Dy3+对Tb3+激活硅酸盐氟氧闪烁玻璃发光性能的影响。实验结果表明：Dy3+/Tb3+共掺硅酸盐氟氧闪烁玻璃具有较高的密度和良好的可见区透过率,玻璃的网络结构是由[SiO₄]四面体和[AlO₄]四面体连接构成。在紫外光激发时,Dy3+单掺玻璃的发光源于Dy3+的4F_9/2→6H_15/2(483 nm),6H_13/2(576 nm)的跃迁发射,而Tb3+单掺玻璃的发光则源于Tb3+的5D₄→7F₆(489 nm),7F₅(544 nm),7F₄(586 nm)和7F₆(623 nm)的跃迁发射。对于Dy3+/Tb3+共掺玻璃,发射光谱则主要由Tb3+的荧光发射组成。通过对不同波长紫外光激发的发射光谱分析发现,Dy3+/Tb3+共掺闪烁玻璃中存在多种形式的能量传递。在以Dy3+的特征激发452 nm为激发波长时,Tb3+单掺玻璃的发光很弱。但随着Dy3+的引入,通过4F_9/2(Dy3+)→5D₄(Tb3+)的能量传递,Tb3+发光得到敏化增强。Dy3+/Tb3+共掺玻璃的发光强度随着Dy₂O₃含量的增多而增强,Dy₂O₃含量为1 mol%时达到最大,更高Dy₂O₃含量的样品由于Dy3+的浓度猝灭,减少了向Tb3+的能量传递,发光强度减弱。当激发波长减小到350 nm时,Dy3+和Tb3+均被激发到更高的能级6P_7/2(Dy3+)和5L₉(Tb3+),此时除了4F_9/2(Dy3+)→5D₄(Tb3+)的能量传递外,还出现了5D₄(Tb3+)→4F_9/2(Dy3+)的能量回传。Dy3+掺杂浓度较低时,Dy3+→Tb3+能量传递作用较强,Tb3+发光得到敏化增强。随着Dy₂O₃含量的增多,Tb3+→Dy3+能量传递作用增强。当Dy₂O₃含量超过0.4 mol%时,Tb3+→Dy3+能量传递强于Dy3+→Tb3+能量传递,减少了Tb3+的辐射跃迁发光,因此Dy3+/Tb3+共掺玻璃的发光强度开始减弱。由于Gd3+向Dy3+或Tb3+均可进行有效的能量传递,因此在以Gd3+的特征激发274 nm为激发光时,Dy3+/Tb3+共掺玻璃中出现了Dy3+和Tb3+对Gd3+传递能量的竞争。随着Dy₂O₃含量的增多,Tb3+所获得的能量不断减少,同时伴随着Tb3+→Dy3+能量回传和Dy3+之间的无辐射交叉弛豫作用,Dy3+/Tb3+共掺玻璃的发光强度不断减弱。对Dy3+/Tb3+共掺闪烁玻璃中Tb3+的5D₄→7F₅荧光衰减曲线分析还发现,随着Dy₂O₃含量的增多,Tb3+的荧光寿命从2.24 ms缩短到1.15 ms,曲线从单指数形式变为双指数形式,进一步证明玻璃中存在5D₄(Tb3+)→4F_9/2(Dy3+)的能量回传。X射线激发发射光谱显示,Dy3+的引入对Tb3+激活闪烁玻璃的辐射发光具有很强的负面影响,而这种负面影响不足以通过Dy3+→Tb3+能量传递来弥补,因此Dy3+/Tb3+共掺玻璃的辐射发光强度随着Dy₂O₃含量的增多而不断减弱。由此可见,在Tb3+激活硅酸盐氟氧闪烁玻璃中,不宜将Dy3+作为敏化剂,用于增强Tb3+的发光。     

ZnO:Ga晶体对硬X射线的时间及能量响应

 介绍了ZnO:Ga晶体对重复频率快脉冲硬X 射线的时间响应,利用X射线荧光分析仪测量了ZnO:Ga晶体对10～100 keV硬X射线的能量响应。结果表明:ZnO:Ga晶体对硬X射线响应的上升时间为316 ps,半高宽为440 ps;对40 keV以上的X射线的能量响应很平坦。该晶体可以作为一种新颖的硬X射线探测元件。     

新型掺Tb3+硅酸盐发光玻璃的研制

在数字X射线成像系统中使用的X光-可见光转换屏具有相当重要的作用,其性能直接影响成像系统的性能。针对特殊用途开发了一种新型掺Tb^3 硅酸盐发光玻璃转换屏,可用于30MeV的γ光子的成像探测;在低能X光(100keV)作用下的空间分辨能力与301型发光玻璃相当,而在能量高达12MeV的X光的照射下,其空间分辨能力不低于1．5lp／mm,发光效率约为301型发光玻璃的3倍。并对其性能进行了实验研究,相应的测量结果为：SiO2的质量分数达到50％以上时才能得到玻璃性质较好的材料．并使发光性能得到提高,BaO和Cs2O的质量分数接近相等的条件下,Tb^3 离子的质量分数为10．5％时发光性能最好;适量的Gd^3 离子可以敏化Tb^3 发光,也能增加玻璃密度,而Ce^3 离子可以降低发光的余辉;其它的微量元素则主要影响玻璃的熔融温度。     

新型掺Tb3+硅酸盐发光玻璃的研制

在数字X射线成像系统中使用的X光-可见光转换屏具有相当重要的作用,其性能直接影响成像系统的性能。针对特殊用途开发了一种新型掺Tb3+硅酸盐发光玻璃转换屏,可用于30 MeV的γ光子的成像探测;在低能X光（100 keV）作用下的空间分辨能力与301型发光玻璃相当,而在能量高达12 MeV的X光的照射下,其空间分辨能力不低于1.5 lp/mm,发光效率约为301型发光玻璃的3倍。并对其性能进行了实验研究,相应的测量结果为：SiO2的质量分数达到50％以上时才能得到玻璃性质较好的材料,并使发光性能得到提高,BaO和Cs2O的质量分数接近相等的条件下,Tb3+离子的质量分数为10.5％时发光性能最好;适量的Gd3+离子可以敏化Tb3+发光,也能增加玻璃密度,而Ce3＋离子可以降低发光的余辉;其它的微量元素则主要影响玻璃的熔融温度。     

CsI(Tl)闪烁体软X光能量响应的模拟研究

CsI(Tl)闪烁体是X光转换为可见光比较重要的一个部件,在惯性约束聚变中的X 光诊断等方面有着十分重要的应用。通过Geant4软件较为全面地分析了CsI(Tl)闪烁体软X光能量响应,模拟了1~5 keV的软X光入射不同厚度（20,30,50 m）CsI(Tl)的能量沉积谱,探究了粒子之间相互作用的物理过程,并比较了不同能量软X光在不同厚度CsI(Tl)闪烁体中的沉积效率。仿真结果表明,随着CsI (Tl)闪烁体厚度的增加,软X光在CsI (Tl)闪烁体中沉积的能量也逐渐增加,沉积效率与CsI (Tl)闪烁体厚度成正比。模拟研究为选择合适厚度的闪烁体做低能段软X光探测实验做铺垫。     

Tb3+掺杂透明锗酸盐微晶玻璃:制备与面向X射线探测的增强发光

通过熔融淬火和后续热处理,成功制备了Tb3+掺杂含LaF3纳米晶透明锗酸盐微晶玻璃.详细研究了所制备的玻璃和微晶玻璃的发光性质.X射线衍射结果表明,玻璃基体中析出的晶相为纯LaF3晶体,晶粒尺寸在16～21 nm之间.在377 nm紫外光和X射线激发下,Tb3+掺杂含LaF3纳米晶的微晶玻璃比Tb3+掺杂的锗酸盐玻璃表...     

用于高能X光转换的掺Tb3+硅酸盐发光玻璃性能研究

在高能的数字X射线成像系统中使用的X光-可见光转换屏具有相当重要的作用,直接影响成像系统的性能。针对特殊用途研制的一种掺Tb^3 硅酸盐发光玻璃转换屏．可用于能量高达30McV的γ光子的成像探测：在百keV级的低能X光作用下的空间分辨力与301型发光玻璃相当．而在能量高达12MeV X光的照射下,其空间分辨力不低于1．51p／mm,发光效率约为301型发光玻璃的3倍．并对发光玻璃的相关性能与其组成进行了实验研究,给出了相应的测量结果。     

塑料闪烁体β射线望远镜的能量刻度

建立了一台塑料闪烁体β射线望远镜并进行了能量刻度.利用一组端点能量从0.7MeV到6.1MeV的β^±发射体作为参考源,线性能量刻度的误差仅35keV.     

脉冲硬X射线能注量测量技术

阐述了全吸收法测量脉冲硬X射线能注量的基本原理,选择了光电管配合硅酸镥(LSO)闪烁体作为探测系统的核心部件,研制了脉冲硬X射线能注量测量系统.利用该系统测量了"闪光二号"加速器产生的脉冲硬X射线强度,结合灵敏度的实验标定结果,计算得到了脉冲硬X射线的能注量.在连续5发次的实验中,能注量平均测量结果为35.9 mJ/cm2,根据实测剂量和能谱计算得到的能注量为39.8 mJ/cm2,两者的结果比较一致.     

脉冲硬X射线能注量测量系统结构设计

确定了利用全吸收法测量硬X射线能注量的技术方案,阐述了能注量测量的基本原理。结合实际测量环境,选择光电管和高密度硅酸镥闪烁体作为测量系统,分析了各个测量组件参数的影响因素。利用蒙特卡罗程序模拟了硬X射线在闪烁体中能量沉积的轴向分布,并计算了光子的透射率,据此确定了硅酸镥闪烁体的厚度为20 mm。完成了准直系统和电磁屏蔽系统的设计,增加了信噪比。     

Er~(3+)-doped fluorogallate glass for mid-infrared applications

We report an Er3t-doped fluorogallate glass with good thermal and chemical stability. The low maximum phonon energy and high mid-infrared(IR) transmittance of the glass are confirmed by Raman and IR spectra,respectively. Based on Judd–Ofelt theory, intensity parameters and radiative properties are determined from the absorption and emission spectra. The proposed glass possesses a large fluorescence branching ratio β(21.71%) and a maximum stimulated emission cross-section σemof Er3t:4I11∕2→4I13∕2transition at 2.71 μm(1.04 × 10-20cm2). The results indicate that it can be potentially applied in high-power 2.7 μm fiber lasers.     

Tb3+掺杂硅酸盐玻璃发光性能的浓度依赖关系

 利用高温熔融法制备了不同浓度的Tb³⁺掺杂硅酸盐玻璃,并分别测量了紫外和X射线激发时的发射光谱。光谱结果表明,不同浓度Tb³⁺掺杂硅酸盐玻璃在紫外和X射线激发时发光行为具有相似的浓度依赖关系：低浓度Tb₄O₇掺杂时主要以蓝光(5D₃→⁷FJ)发射为主,而高浓度掺杂时以绿光(⁵D₄→⁷FJ)发射为主。Tb³⁺发光强度与掺杂浓度的关系分析表明,⁵D₃的浓度猝灭是电偶极-电偶极相互作用引起的, 而⁵D₄的浓度猝灭是交换相互作用引起的。     

Guiding properties of proton-implanted Nd~(3+)-doped phosphate glass waveguides

We report on the fabrication and properties of an optical waveguide in Nd~(3+)-doped phosphate glass. The planar waveguide was obtained by 550-ke V proton implantation with a dose of 8.0×10~(16) ions/cm~2. The proton–glass interaction was simulated by the stopping and range of ions in matter(SRIM software). The characteristics of the waveguide including the refractive index profile and the near-field intensity distribution were studied by the reflectivity calculation method and the end-face coupling technique. The optical waveguide demonstrated multi-mode behavior at the wavelength of 632.8 nm.The propagation features of the proton-implanted Nd~(3+)-doped phosphate glass waveguide shows its potential to operate as an integrated photonic device.     

Optical bistability of stimulated-emission lines in Sm(3+)-doped glass microspheres

A third-order optical nonlinear effect in a spherical glass resonator doped with Sm(3+) ions has been observed on stimulated emission lines of the (4)G(5/2)-(6)H(7/2) transition, in which the excitation beam of an Ar(+) laser in a 488-nm single line is coupled with the glass resonator through a prism. A spherical form is produced during a free fall of fractional glasses in a longitudinal electric furnace configured vertically. The prism-coupled glass microsphere exhibits sufficient performance to confine photon energy as a resonance of light inside the sphere and offers the prospect of new applications to functional photonic circuits.     

Uniform upconversion in high-concentration Er(3+)-doped soda lime silicate and aluminosilicate glasses

Uniform upconversion in erbium-doped silicate glasses is investigated as a function of glass composition, concentration, and fabrication method. Comparisons of upconversion coefficients are made among soda lime silicate and aluminosilicate bulk glasses and soda lime silicate waveguides. Comparisons are also made with studies performed by other researchers. The results indicate that both the composition and the preparation method of the glass affect the value of the upconversion coefficient, with as much as a factor-of-4 variation observed at fixed Er(3+) concentration. Values of the upconversion coefficient are found to be consistent with the F?rster-Dexter microscopic model.     

离子注入金红石单晶生成的金属Ni纳米晶的磁学性能研究

研究了能量为64keV、注量1×1017cm-2的Ni离子注入金红石TiO2单晶制备的植入金属纳米晶的微观结构和磁学性能。注入层的结构和磁学性能采用透射电子显微分析（TEM）和超导量子干涉磁强计（SQUID）进行分析。结果表明，金红石单晶中有尺寸为3～18nm的金属Ni纳米晶生成，注入区域基体明显非晶化。10K温度下金属Ni纳米晶的矫顽力约为16.8kA·m-1，比Ni块材的矫顽力大。样品的零场冷却/有场冷却（ZFC/FC）曲线表明，金属Ni纳米晶的截止温度约为85K。     

Improved emission of Tm(3+)-doped glass for a 1.4-mum amplifier by radiative energy transfer between Tm(3+) and Nd(3+)

We prepared a Tm-doped glass composite with a Nd-doped layer as a model 1.4-mum thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) to investigate the effect of energy transfer on the emission spectra of the composite. The competitive 0.8-mu;m emission from the Tm:(3)H(4) level, which had a branching ratio ten times larger than that of the 1.4-mum emission, was reduced to 1/6 of its previous value by radiative transfer to the Nd layer. Also, the 1.06-mum emission from the excited Nd(3+) was found to contribute to the upconversion pumping scheme for population inversion between the (3)i(4) and (3)F(4) levels of Tm(3+) . The Nd-doped glass phase can be used as a cladding material for an efficient TDFA.     

Li~+对Tb~(3+)掺杂硅酸盐玻璃闪烁性能的影响

利用高温熔融法制备了Li+掺杂Tb3+激活硅酸盐闪烁玻璃。通过Li+掺杂Tb3+激活硅酸盐玻璃的紫外可见透射光谱、发射光谱和发光衰减时间谱,研究了Li+的加入对Tb3+掺杂硅酸盐玻璃发光性能的影响。结果表明:适量Li+的加入可有效增强Tb3+激活硅酸盐玻璃的发光强度,且相比于不掺杂Li+的Tb3+掺杂硅酸盐玻璃而言,当掺入质量分数为2.0%的Li+时,Tb3+在玻璃中的最佳掺杂质量分数由12.8%提高至15.3%。其原因是Li+掺杂增加了玻璃体系中非桥氧的数量,从而有利于改善Tb3+在玻璃体中的均匀性,降低Tb3+间因非辐射跃迁而引起的能量损失,以及提高Tb3+的最佳掺杂质量分数。但当掺入Li+的质量分数超过2.0%时,会对Tb3+激活硅酸盐玻璃的闪烁光强产生负面影响,这是因为过多的非桥氧阻碍了X射线激发能达到Tb3+离子的能量传递。     

Dual-wavelength Bi_2Se_3-based passively Q-switching Nd~(3+)-doped glass all-fiber laser

We demonstrate a dual-wavelength passively Q-switched Nd~(3+)-doped glass fiber laser using a few-layer topological insulator Bi_2Se_3 as a saturable absorber(SA) for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The laser resonator is a simple and compact linear cavity using two fiber end-facet mirrors. The SA is fabricated by Bi_2Se_3/polyvinyl alcohol composite film. By inserting the SA into the laser cavity, a stable Q-switching operation is achieved with the shortest pulse width and maximum pulse repetition rate of 601 ns and 205.2 kHz,respectively. The maximum average output power and maximum pulse energy obtained are about 6.6 mW and 38.8 nJ, respectively.