Calculation of energy characteristics of adsorption of metals

Within the framework of the electron density functional, a technique is developed for calculation of the adsorption energy and variation in the electron work function for metal substrates due to metal atom adsorption. The corrections to the local density approximation, which are associated with non-uniformity of the electron density in the subsurface region and discontinuous ion charge distribution over the crystal lattice sites, are included into consideration. It is shown that adsorption of alkali metal atoms results in lower electron work function, while that of transition metals (cobalt, iron, and chromium) might both decrease and increase the electron work function. Formation of a variety of adsorption structures from metal atoms depending on the temperature is discussed. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, pp. 14–19, July, 2007.     

Study of conformation of mesogenic group of poly-p-methyl terephthaloyldiparaoxybenzoates

Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 646–650, April, 1989.     

傅里叶望远镜外场实验性能改进和结果分析

为了实现对傅里叶望远镜成像系统更接近实际的仿真,改进了外场实验系统结构。采用反射式目标,利用准直扩束镜替代空间滤波器和准直透镜,使用大靶面电荷耦合器件作为监视器。在无大气和包含200m水平大气两种情况下,分别对2.5mm的4种不同空间频谱分布目标进行实验。实验选用9×9,17×17,33×33和65×65傅里叶分量分别进行重构。最高成像角分辨率为3.5″。结果表明含大气与无大气重构结果的Strehl比值相近,从而证明傅里叶望远镜成像系统能够克服下行链路低阶大气扰动的影响。     

Determination of half-width of spectral lines of radiation of an inhomogeneous plasma

Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 51, No. 5, pp. 742–746, November, 1989.     

Study of non-contact sensors of biophysical parameters of the human organism and the development of methods of coherent diffractometry of biological micro-objects

In this paper, we present the results of the study of laboratory mockups of optoelectronic sensing elements of speckle sensors of the velocity of the capillary blood flow in the human skin, pulse wave dynamics, and skin pathologies. Furthermore, the model of a multipurpose optical Fourier processor, which makes it possible to obtain information on objects under study simultaneously in the spectral form and as an image, is considered.     

Investigation of lasing of dyes under the influence of the radiation of copper-vapor lasers

A study is made of the possibility of improving the laser properties of dyes pumped by the radiation of a copper-vapor laser, the choice of dye mixtures optimal from the point of view of producing stimulated emission, and the influence of the solvent on these properties, the aim being to obtain optimal energy parameters in an instrument based on a copper-vapor laser and an optical attachment.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnhykh Zavedemii, Fizika, No. 10, pp. 44–48, October, 1980.     

Calculation of the probability of ruin of an insurance company with consideration of reinsurance

A formula for calculating the probability of ruin of an insurance company is derived with consideration of reinsurance. Asymptotes to this probability are examined for a company with large capital. Anzhero-Sudzhensk Branch of Kemerovo State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 4, pp. 3–9, April, 2000.     

混合物状态方程的计算

多介质流体动力学过程的数值模拟往往涉及混合物状态方程的计算. 做图法和Newton 法是混合物状态方程计算常采用的方法, 前者虽直观精度却差, 后者计算效率高却只具有局部收敛性, 当解与其初始猜测值相差较远时Newton法不一定能够获得收敛解. 为此, 本文给出一种具有大范围收敛性的嵌入算法(imbedding method)求解混合物状态方程, 其基本思想是通过引入嵌入参数, 将待解的混合物状态方程和易解的混合物状态方程线性组合, 构成嵌入方程组, 当嵌入参数从0连续地变化到1 时, 嵌入方程组的解由易解的混合物状态方程的解连续地变化为待解的混合物状态方程的解. 嵌入方程组可由Newton法迭代求解, 也可转化为以嵌入参数为自变量的常微分方程组, 从而易于由成熟的计算方法如梯形法等进行求解. 进一步利用热力学基本关系, Maxwell形式的微分方程描述了压力和温度随嵌入参数的演化速率与应变速率和组分质量分数演化速率的关系. 对铅锡混合物热力学量的计算表明了本文算法的有效性.     

Model of stochastization of the oscillatory regime of superradiance

Based on the analysis of the experimental data on the observation of the fluorescence and superradiance of praseodymium ions in a matrix of lanthanum trifluoride, a model of superradiance of three-level radiators with two close upper levels is developed in the mean-field approximation and studied. The uppermost level is coherently pumped by an ultrashort pulse of electromagnetic field, after which the excitation is transferred to the close energy level, from which the superradiance transition occurs to the lower level. In limiting cases, the considered model is reduced to the known models of superradiance and describes the ordinary regimes of monopulse and multipulse (oscillatory) superradiance. However, in a certain region of parameters, the model under discussion describes such a multipulse superradiance signal in which electromagnetic field spikes composing it follow in time with random intervals and amplitudes, so that the regime of regular chaotic dynamics is demonstrated in a single superradiance signal. In a certain time interval, the proposed model can be described by the Lorenz equations with the parameters corresponding to the chaotic dynamics of spikes composing the superradiance signal. The presented results of the numerical simulation of the model equations qualitatively correspond to the picture of stochastic pulsations observed experimentally.     

在磁场作用下水的特性的变化和它的变化机理

我们研究了在磁场作用下水的光学性质和电学性质等的变化,实验发现它们的这些特性和未受磁场作用的水有重大改变特别是在红外光谱和拉曼光谱中的变化更加明显,这种现象就称为水的磁化。我们从水的中红外光谱得知在3000~3800 cm-1的范围内有奇特的六个峰值存在,从水分子结构和红外光谱的特性出发了解到它们分别代表了自由水分子的OH键的对称与反对称的振动,众多水分子通过氢键连接而成的线性链和环形链的OH键的对称与反对称振动,于是从这个实验我们看到了在这个水中存在有众多水分子结合成的环形氢键链的存在。我们用水分子的极化特性,一阶相变的特性和实验进一步证实了这些环形链的客观存在,根据质子或氢离子在氢键系统中传递理论得知在磁场的罗仑兹力作用下处于水中环形氢键链中质子能够进行传导产生环形电流.这些环形电流象一个分子电流或是个小磁体,它们能彼此相互作用或与外加磁场相互作用,从而改变了水分子的分布和结构状态,导致了水的一些特性的变化,这就是水的磁化的分子机理,我们用这个机理解释了我们从实验中所发现的磁处理过的水的特性如饱和效应和记忆效应等,因此这是非常有趣的实验和现象.     

Effect on zero drift of accuracy of reciprocal tuning of elements of fiber-optic interferometer

The effect of the accuracy of reciprocal tuning of the elements of a fiber-optic interferometer (FOI) — laser, polarizer, and eigenaxes of single-mode-fiber (SMF) birefringence — is examined. It is shown that zero drift in the FOI consists of two parts — a constant part and a temperature-related variable part. Both of these parts are functions of the polarization state of the radiation at the entrance to the polarizer, the extinction coefficient of the polarized, and the orientation of the SMF eigenaxes with respect to the polarizer. The variable part of the zero drift is also a function of the birefringence and h-parameter of the SMF and the width of the radiation-source spectrum. Numerical estimates of FOI zero drift are made.Institute of Applied Physics, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 34, No. 7, pp. 817–824, July, 1991.     

Statistics of partitions of the kinetic energy of small nanoclusters

In Aquilanti, Lombardi, and Sevryuk, J. Chem. Phys. 2004, V. 121, No. 12, P. 5579 and Sevryuk, Lombardi, and Aquilanti, Phys. Rev. A. 2005, V. 72, No. 3, P. 033201, we defined several partitions of the total kinetic energy of a system of classical particles into terms corresponding to various motion modes. In this work, we study the statistics of these terms for clusters with the number of particles N from 3 to 100 (at randomly selected particle coordinates and velocities). Some new kinetic energy components are defined and studied. Two limiting situations are considered, those of particles of equal masses and particles whose masses vary randomly. With equal masses, the mean values of almost all cluster kinetic energy components are expressed in terms of N with the use of very simple equations.     

Dynamic measurement of beam divergence angle of different fields of view of scanning lidar

The laser beam divergence angle is one of the important parameters to evaluate the quality of the laser beam.It can not only accurately indicate the nature of the beam divergence when the laser beam is transmitted over a long distance,but also objectively evaluate the performance of the laser system.At present,lidar has received a lot of attention as a core component of environment awareness technology.Micro-electromechanical system(MEMS)micromirror has become the first choice for three-dimensional imaging lidar because of its small size and fast scanning speed.However,due to the small size of the MEMS micromirror,the lidar scanning system has a small field of view(FOV).In order to achieve a wide range of scanning imaging,collimating optical system and wide-angle optical system are generally added to the system.However,due to the inherent properties of the optical lens,it is impossible to perfect the imaging,so the effects of collimating and expanding the beam will be different at different angles.This article aims to propose a measurement system that dynamically measures the divergence angles of MEMS scanning lidar beams in different fields of view to objectively evaluate the performances of scanning lidar systems.     

Equations of the general theory of plasticity of crystals

Equations are formulated for the elastic-plastic strains of crystals experiencing an inelastic flow of crystallographic shears. Local invariant relationships, including creep and active plasticity, are constructed. To take account of the microstresses a method of effective field is used. All the relationships are derived in a tensor formulation with reliance on representations about the physical regularities of the development of deformation. The derived system of equations describes a broad class of problems of the physics and mechanics of plasticity of an almost unbounded degree of complexity.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 6, pp. 73–78, June, 1988.     

Heat of formation of solid solution of alkali halides

Based on a semicontinuum model, the electrostatic, the polarisation, and the repulsive energy change of a lattice is calculated numerically, as a function of the relaxation of the nearest neighbouring ions of a substitutional impurity in an alkali halide crystal. It is found that for a particular displacement, the total energy change of the lattice is a minimum. Thus the heat of formation of a dilute solid solution is obtained. Here, we report calculations on the heat of formation of the following systems-Na⁺ in LiCl, Li⁺ in NaCl, K⁺ in NaCl, Na⁺ in KCl, Rb⁺ in NaCl, Na⁺ in RbCl, F^? in NaCl, Cl^? in NaF. Br^? in NaCl and Cl^? in NaBr.     

Rectangularity of hysteresis loop of ferrites as a function of volume of reverse domains in state of remanence

A study is made of the dependence of the coefficient of rectangularity of the hysteresis loop of ferrites of the Li-Mn-Mg and Mg-Mn-Zn system on the volume concentration of residual reverse domains. The latter is calculated from the results of measurements of the relative remanence on the basis of a model developed. It is shown that a high degree of loop rectangularity can be attained not only in the absence of reverse domains but also in the presence of a considerable volume concentration of such domains.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 6, pp. 109–114, June, 1978.     

Methods of analysis of the structure of materials on the basis of orthogonal transformations of microscopic images

Some methods for studying the structure of materials on the basis of microscopic images are considered. The images are analyzed using various orthogonal transformations: Fourier, cosine, Hartley, and continuous wavelet transformations.     

Influence of rate of change of frequency on the overall pitch of frequency-modulated tones

The mechanism(s) determining pitch may assign less weight to portions of a sound where the frequency is changing rapidly. The present experiments explored the possible effect of this on the overall pitch of frequency-modulated sounds. Pitch matches were obtained between an adjustable unmodulated sinusoid and a sinusoidal carrier that was frequency modulated using a highly asymmetric function with the form of a repeating U or inverted U shaped function. The amplitude was constant during the 400-ms presentation time of each stimulus, except for 10-ms raised-cosine onset and offset ramps. In experiment 1, the carrier level was 50 dB SPL and the geometric mean of the instantaneous frequency of the modulated carrier, fc, was either 0.5, 1, 2, or 8 kHz. The modulation rate (fm) was 5, 10, or 20 Hz. The overall depth (maximum to minimum) of the FM was 8% of fc. For all carrier frequencies, the matched frequency was shifted away from the mean carrier frequency, downwards for the U shaped function stimuli and upwards for the repeated inverted U shaped function stimuli. The shift was typically slightly greater than 1% of fc, and did not vary markedly with fc. The effect of fm was small, but there was a trend for the shifts to decrease with increasing fm for fc = 0.5 kHz and to increase with increasing fm for fc = 2 kHz. In experiment 2, the carrier level was reduced to 20 dB SL and matches were obtained only for fc = 2 kHz. Shifts in matched frequency of about 1% were still observed, but the trend for the shifts to increase with increasing fm no longer occurred. In experiment 3, matches were obtained for a 4-kHz carrier at 50 dB SPL. Shifts of about 1% again occurred, which did not vary markedly with fm. The shifts in matched frequency observed in all three experiments are not predicted by models based on the amplitude- or intensity-weighted average of instantaneous frequency (EWAIF or IWAIF). The shifts (and the pitch shifts observed earlier for two-tone complexes and for stimuli with simultaneous AM and FM) are consistent with a model based on the assumption that the overall pitch of a frequency-modulated sound is determined from a weighted average of period estimates, with the weight attached to a given estimate being inversely related to the short-term rate of change of period and directly related to a compressive function of the amplitude.     

BSA-SDS-Ag聚合物纳米微粒的制备及其水凝胶性质的研究（Ⅰ）

报道了BSA－SDS－Ag聚合物纳米微粒的制备及水凝胶的性质,用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、傅里叶变换红外（FT－IR）光谱考察了这种聚合物微粒的结构,微粒粒径32nm左右,用UV／Vis光谱及SEM考察了冰凝胶的性,表明Ag^ 离子先与BSA产生化学键合,再学原了Ag粒,进行聚合成网状结构的聚合物。