单分子毛细管电泳

对室温下液流中的单分子光学检测技术的基本原理、主要方法以及它在生物学中的应用做了综述。重点强调了毛细管电泳与单分子检测相结合-单分子毛细管电泳在分析科学中战略上的重要性，并展望了单分子光学检测技术为特征的单分子毛细管电泳在分析化学中的应用前景。     

基于短毛细管的高速毛细管电泳系统的研究进展

概述了基于短毛细管的高速毛细管电泳系统的研究进展。重点介绍了适用于基于短毛细管的高速毛细管电泳系统的各种进样方法及其在生物分离分析领域的应用,包括光门进样、流动门进样、电动进样、自发进样、流体动力进样和扩散进样等方法。     

毛细管电泳技术在氨基酸分析中的研究进展

对毛细管电泳技术在氨基酸分析中的研究进展进行了综述,分析了直接法和衍生法对氨基酸进行分析的优缺点,详细叙述了毛细管电泳中的紫外、激光诱导荧光、电化学及质谱等检测方法在氨基酸分析中的应用,并重点总结了毛细管电泳在手性氨基酸分离中的应用.     

亲和毛细管电泳技术及其应用

对近几年新发展起来的亲和毛细管电泳技术（ACE）的原理、分类及方法作了简要介绍,着重介绍了亲和毛细管区带电泳、毛细管亲和凝胶电泳、胶束电动色谱中的亲和电泳、亲和毛细管等电聚焦、亲和探针毛细管电泳等过程和方法。对ACE在分子生物学、生物化学中的应用及该技术在亲和常数测定、核酸片段识别、竞争免疫分析、药物先导化合物的筛选等方面的应用也作了介绍。     

非水溶液毛细管电泳

评述了非水溶液毛细管电泳的应用及发展，对非水溶液毛细管电泳的原理及应用情况作了简要叙述，有机试剂在毛细管电泳中的加入，扩大了分析物质的范围，以纯有机试剂作电泳介质，具有许多水溶液毛细管电不能比拟的优点。     

毛细管电泳在农药残留检测上的应用

对近20年来毛细管电泳分析方法在农药残留分析中的应用进行了论述.按照农药的用途分类,分别评述了应用毛细管电泳分析检测杀虫剂和杀菌剂以及除草剂残留的研究进展,并对毛细管电泳在农药残留分析中的应用进行了展望.     

毛细管电泳在火炸药分析中的应用

综述了近年来毛细管电泳在火炸药领域的应用现状，包括各种分离模式、检测器以及毛细管电泳芯片的应用，并对该技术在火炸药分析中的应用前景作了展望，提出了新的发展方向。引用文献45篇。     

毛细管电泳技术在药物分离分析中的研究与应用

综述了近5年毛细管电泳在手性药物拆分、药物制剂及中草药分析中的应用.在手性药物拆分的应用中主要探讨了手性选择剂的种类及毛细管分离方法;在药物制剂、中草药的应用中主要介绍该法对药效成分进行的分离及定量分析,总结方法的检出限、线性范围和检测方法;最后,探讨了毛细管电泳在求取药物水解常数上的应用.提出毛细管电泳在药物分析中将有广阔的应用前景.     

毛细管电色谱应用研究进展

对近年来毛细管电色谱(CEC)的研究现状以及实际应用进行归纳总结。以查阅国内外有关文献资料的方法,综述毛细管电色谱的研究现状以及在药物、食品、农残、化妆品、氨基酸以及环境检测等分析中的应用。毛细管电色谱在上述分析领域中获得了广泛的应用,同时对毛细管电色谱的未来发展方向(加压毛细管电色谱)进行了展望。毛细管电色谱拥有广阔的发展应用前景。     

毛细电泳安培检测技术进展

对毛细管电泳离柱和柱端安培检测方式、不同形式电极在安培检测中的应用、安培检测在芯片毛细管电泳中的应用、安培检测池等内容进行了总结和讨论，并预测了安培检测技术未来发展方向。     

硫醇-烯点击化学法制备C18毛细管电色谱开管柱及其性能研究

基于十八烷基硫醇与乙烯基功能化毛细管(Vinyl capillary)的硫醇-烯点击化学反应,制备了一种新型的C18毛细管电色谱开管柱(C18capillary).采用乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷对毛细管内壁进行乙烯基功能化,然后通过硫醇-烯点击化学反应共价键合十八烷基硫醇于Vinyl capillary内表面.采用环境扫描电镜对C18 capillary进行了形貌表征.考察了缓冲溶液pH值对C18 capillary、Vinyl capillary和裸毛细管柱(Bare capillary)电渗流的影响.结果表明;在相同实验条件下,C18capillary的电渗流最小.以3种多环芳烃为模型化合物,评价了C18capillary的电色谱柱性能;同时考察了模型化合物在C18capillary上的电色谱保留行为.实验表明,其保留机理是基于典型的反相作用.当C18 capillary用于碱性模型化合物分离时,碱性物质在C18 capillary上的峰形较好,无明显的峰拖尾现象,这可能是由于C18capillary表面含有极性的S基团能够屏蔽残留硅羟基对碱性化合物的吸附作用.     

毛细管离子色谱进展

从毛细管离子色谱柱制备和毛细管离子色谱仪器研制两方面评述了毛细管离子色谱目前的发展状况。毛细管离子色谱柱包括开管离子色谱柱，毛细管颗粒填充离子色谱柱以及最近几年发展起来的整体毛细管离子色谱柱。对毛细管离子色谱仪的总结包括微流量泵、小体积进样器、适合毛细管离子色谱系统的小体积抑制器、电导和光学检测器等。     

毛细管电泳中的毛细管区段灌注及其相关技术

毛细管区段灌注是一种随手性毛细管电泳、亲和毛细管电泳和胶束电动力色谱-质谱发展而产生的实验技术。由于它能消除采用以上方法时遇到的缓冲溶液对检测的影响。因此引起人们的关注。本文对区段灌注技术的原理,区段灌注技术在手性毛细管电泳、亲和毛细管电泳和胶束电动力色谱中的应用,以及目前区段灌注技术存在的一些问题进行了评述。本文还对由区段灌注技术发展而来的逆流毛细管电泳、液相预柱毛细管电泳、多步配体进样等实验技术进行了简介。     

Whole-column imaging capillary electrophoresis of proteins with a short capillary

Whole-column imaging capillary electrophoresis with a short capillary is discussed. A short capillary (3-6 cm) coated with either fluorocarbon or polyacrylamide was used as a separation capillary. The whole capillary was illuminated with 280 nm light, and the transmitted light was monitored by a linear charge-coupled device (CCD). For the short capillary, hydrodynamic flow caused by a subtle height difference between the anodic and cathodic reservoirs affected the sample migration in the capillary greatly. Several sample injection methods, including use of a cross connection, sealing of the capillary ends with a gel, and use of a gel-filled capillary, have been discussed. The experimental results showed that the peak height decreased and peak width increased with the electromigration distance. Therefore, higher sensitivity was obtained in a short capillary rather than a long capillary. The whole-column imaging CE with the short capillary has been applied for the study of conjugation reactions of protein cytochrome c with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the dye Congo Red. The method has also been used for in situ monitoring of the electrophoretic protein desorption process. Our technique is a unique tool for the study of protein binding reactions and the interaction between analyte and inner wall of the capillary.     

An experimental investigation of retention of liquids in corners of a square capillary

The retention of liquids in the corners of a 0.03-cm square capillary after the passage of a gas slug was studied experimentally as a function of capillary number in the range from 10(-3) to 10(-6). In gas-wetting liquid systems, for capillary number greater than 5 x 10(-4), the retention of a wetting liquid in the corners showed a strong dependence on the capillary number; i.e., the retention of the liquid decreased with decreasing capillary number. For capillary number less than 10(-4), the retention of a wetting liquid was found to be determined by the capillary forces and the rate (or viscous) effect was negligible. In gas-oil-water systems involving double displacements--gas was displacing oil which was in turn displacing water--the total retention of water and oil vs capillary number curve showed the same trend as the retention of a wetting phase in a gas-wetting liquid system. However, because of the viscous effect, the water retention showed a continuous decrease with decreasing capillary number and could be lower than the capillary equilibrium value at very low capillary numbers. As a result of this, the oil retention vs capillary number curve in the double displacement process showed a minimum; i.e., oil retention increased with decreasing capillary number in the range of very low capillary numbers.     

CSE-MECC two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis analysis of proteins in the mouse tumor cell (AtT-20) homogenate

Two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis was used for the separation of proteins and biogenic amines from the mouse AtT-20 cell line. The first-dimension capillary contained a TRIS–CHES–SDS–dextran buffer to perform capillary sieving electrophoresis, which is based on molecular weight of proteins. The second-dimension capillary contained a TRIS–CHES–SDS buffer for micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. After a 61-s preliminary separation, fractions from the first-dimension capillary were successively transferred to the second-dimension capillary, where they further separated by MECC. The two-dimensional separation required 60 min.     

Optimization of Electrode Alignment for Electrochemical Detection in Capillary Electrophoresis Using a Scanning Electrochemical Microscope

Electrochemical detection in capillary electrophoresis requires decoupling the voltage applied to the working electrode from the separation voltage applied across the capillary. End‐capillary electrochemical detection achieves this by placing the electrode just outside the ground end of the separation capillary. Obtaining adequate signal‐to‐noise in this arrangement requires using small inner diameter capillaries. Decreasing the inner diameter of the separation capillary, however, increases the difficulty of aligning the microelectrode with the open end of the capillary. Using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), the position of the capillary opening is determined while electroactive material is continuously emerging from the end of the capillary. The SECM instrument is then used to place the electrode at the position of maximum current for subsequent separations. Subsequent measurements found that the best signal‐to‐noise is obtained when the detection electrode is placed directly opposite the capillary opening and just outside of the capillary opening. When the electrode is further above the opening (but still opposite the capillary opening), the signal‐to‐noise does not dramatically decrease until the electrode is more than 30 μm above the 10 μm inner‐diameter capillary.     

Protein and peptide separations on high surface area capillaries.

A 50 microm capillary that has been etched with ammonium hydrogen difluoride is evaluated as a separation medium for capillary electrochromatography. For a tryptic digest of transferrin, the etched capillary gave better resolution (more peaks in the overall peptide map) and longer retention than separations done under identical experimental conditions on an unetched fused-silica capillary. Resolution on the etched capillary was improved by lowering the voltage from 300 to 267 V/cm. A four-component protein sample also resulted in longer retention on an echted capillary than on an unetched fused-silica capillary that were both coated with Polybrene. After correction for differences in electroosmotic flow between the two capillaries, the calculated electrophoretic mobilities for all four proteins were lower on the etched capillary than on the unetched fused-silica capillary. The results of both the tryptic digest and protein experiments strongly indicate the presence of chromatographic effects on the etched capillary that contribute to the increased retention and improved resolution with respect to the unetched fused-silica capillary.     

Determination of impurities and counterions of pharmaceuticals by capillary electromigration methods

The review presents a survey of recent applications of high‐performance capillary electromigration methods—capillary zone electrophoresis, nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography and capillary electrochromatography—for the determination of impurities of pharmaceuticals, including chiral impurities, for the period 2007–2013. In addition, due to the missing evaluation of the determination of counterions of pharmaceuticals by capillary electromigration methods in the last 20 years, the publications dealing with this topic since 1995 are included in this review. General aspects of both these types of applications of capillary electromigration methods in pharmaceutical analysis are discussed, and detailed experimental conditions used for determination of various chemical impurities and counterions of many particular drugs are described.     

Study of triacontyl-functionalized monolithic silica capillary column for reversed-phase capillary liquid chromatography

A novel stationary phase triacontyl-functionalized monolithic silica capillary column was successfully prepared for reversed-phase capillary liquid chromatography. The performance of the monolithic silica capillary column coated with triacontyl chain for the separation of alkylbenzenes, xylene isomers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and mixture of α- and β-carotenes was studied, which was compared to that using the monolithic silica capillary column coated with octadecyl chain. The comparison results showed that triacontyl-functionalized monolithic silica capillary column would be a promising media to be used for the separation of isomeric solutes with long chain in reversed-phase capillary liquid chromatography.