用纤维素黄原酸酯去除硫酸锌浸出液中的重金属杂质

铜;镉;钴;镍;用纤维素黄原酸酯去除硫酸锌浸出液中的重金属杂质     

蔗渣纳米纤维素的制备与表征

以甘蔗渣为原料,通过无废酸的一步法、两步法和三步法制备了蔗渣纳米纤维素(BNC),并与酸解法进行对比.采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和热重分析(TGA)等手段表征了纳米纤维素的光谱性质、形貌结构、结晶性能及热稳定性能.结果表明,4种方法处理后纤维形貌尺寸均可达到纳米级别且在一定浓度的水溶液中均可形成类果冻状的胶体,其中酸解法和三步法所制备的纳米纤维素长径比较小,形貌多为短棒状,在水溶液中分散稳定性较好,可稳定悬浮超过30 d;一步法和两步法所制备的纳米纤维素长径比较大,为类纤维状结构,分散稳定性相对较差,但也可稳定悬浮至少5 d;一步法所制备的纳米纤维素晶型为纤维素Ⅰ型和纤维素Ⅱ型的混合物,两步法、三步法和酸解法处理后的纤维晶型没有改变,仍然保持纤维素Ⅰ型.与酸解法相比,无废酸法所制备的纳米纤维素热稳定性更优,无废酸法工艺简单,反应条件温和,而酸解法反应步骤繁复,会产生大量废酸增加后续处理成本.     

淀粉黄原酸酯的合成改进及其应用研究

改进了不溶性淀粉黄原酸酯(ISX)的合成工艺,并研究了合成的ISX在若干废水中去除Cu(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅱ)离子的影响因素和工艺条件.此外,还探索了ISX合成过程中的反应废液的回用及处理废水后的污泥回收再利用技术.     

用稻草黄原酸酯净化锌液的新方法

以稻草为主要原料制成重金属离子吸附剂，用来除去立德粉厂锌浸取液中的Cd^2 ,Ni^2 等离子，考察了溶液的PH值，吸附剂用量，反应时间和温度对杂质去除效果的影响。浸取液经处理后，Cd^2 ,Ni^2 的浓度分别从1086mg/L和15.4mg/L降至0.56mg/L和0.54mg/L，浸出液中锌的损失大约1％。     

新型链转移剂黄原酸酯调控的RAFT自由基聚合

本文综述了以黄原酸酯为链转移剂的共轭乙烯基单体与非共轭乙烯基单体的RAFT自由基聚合研究进展.由于黄原酸酯的Z基团为烷氧基,使得黄原酸酯自由基中心电荷密度增加,通过共轭效应稳定双硫酯产物,因此可以很好地调控非共轭乙烯基单体的活性自由基聚合.在黄原酸酯的Z基团中引入氟原子后,它通过降低加成自由基的稳定性而不是通过稳定双硫酯产物来促进随后的断裂,可以用于共轭乙烯基单体的活性自由基聚合,用含氟的黄原酸酯化合物还可以制备共轭乙烯基单体与非共轭乙烯基单体的嵌段共聚物.     

O-羧甲基黄原酸壳聚糖合成及应用研究

以壳聚糖(CS)为原料,先制备出O-羧甲基壳聚糖(OCMC),再和二硫化碳在碱性条件下合成O-羧甲基黄原酸壳聚糖(CXCS)。通过产物的含硫量对碱浓度、投料比和反应时间等因素进行了优化,采用固体13CNMR和SEM表征其结构。结果表明,合成CXCS的最佳条件为碱浓度10%,投料比1∶1,室温反应3h,产品的含硫量达10.22%。最后研究了CXCS对水溶液镉离子的吸附性能,结果表明CXCS具有优异的吸附性能,其最大吸附量可达288.5 mg/g,是壳聚糖吸附量的2.65倍。红外分析结果表明吸附主要依靠结构中的羧基和黄原酸基团。     

黄原酸酯光度法测定吸附在植物叶片上的铜

用滤纸与NaOH和二硫化碳作用形成纤维素黄原酸酯滤纸 ,使其吸附植物叶片处理液中的Cu2 + ,形成稳定的黄色螯合物 ,用光度法测定铜的含量。检出限为 6.4 μg·L- 1,相对标准偏差小于 3% ,Zn2 + 、Fe2 + 、Ca2 + 、Mg2 + 不干扰测定     

三乙基黄原酸镍髤四甲胺盐的晶体结构(英文)

CommentDuringthepastthreedecades,thechemistryoftrivalentnickelcoordinatedtonitrogenand/oroxygendonorligandshasreceivedmuchattention[1,2].Incon鄄trast,thenickel髥chemistryofclassicalsulfurdonorligandshasmadetardyprogress.Chakravortyetal.didmanyresearchinth…     

纤维素芳族酯热致液晶对PET结晶成核作用的研究

用自制的热致液晶性纤维素芳族酯(CAE)作聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的成核剂,研究了PET/CAE体系(CAE含量≤1%)在110～200℃温度范围内的等温结晶动力学特性.结果表明,CAE能显著加快PET结晶速率(Z),Z随结晶温度和CAE含量变化均有极大值Z_max(T_C)和Z_max(W_CAE),Z_max(T_C)对应的温度T_max随CAE含量增加而降低,CAE促进PET结晶的作用机理与普通成核剂不同.     

三苯基锡壳聚糖黄原酸酯的合成、表征及其杀螺活性研究

壳聚糖(chitosan,简称 CTS)是由β(1～4)键合的D-葡糖胺残基和数目不同排列无规的N-乙酰基葡糖胺残基组成的线性多糖,是生物界中大量存在的唯一的一种碱性多糖.     

Distribution of Substituents along the Cellulose Chain on Cellulose Xanthate and Carboxymethyl Cellulose

The distribution of substituents of cellulose xanthogenate and carboxymethyl cellulose along the cellulose chains and therefore in relation to the molecular mass can be measured using size exclusion chromatography including a multi angle laser light scattering and mass detection for determining the molecular mass of the derivative assisted by an UV- detection for determining the xanthate groups and carboxymethyl groups after derivatisation, respectively. The results investigating cellulose xanthogenate show that the temperature used in dissolving xanthogenate and in ripening viscose influences the distribution of xanthate groups in a different way; but all steps processing viscose are connected with a loss in the degree of substitution in ripening the distribution of substitution additionally becomes more even. The investigated carboxymethyl cellulose revealed different distribution of carboxylic groups in dependence on the viscosity of the CMC.     

黄原脂棉分离-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定咸味食品中Pb~(2+)

利用单因素试验对黄原脂棉吸附溶液中Pb~(2+)的条件进行了实验优化,结果显示:在pH=5.0的溶液体系中,于温度20℃,振荡吸附15min,黄原脂棉对Pb~(2+)的吸附效果最佳;吸附的Pb~(2+)用6.0mL 3.0mol/L HCl,于40℃下解吸15min,可将Pb~(2+)从黄原酯棉上完全洗脱。采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法,将该条件用于测定咸味食品中痕量Pb~(2+),结果表明:黄原脂棉能有效消除盐类基体给测定Pb~(2+)带来的干扰,方法的相对标准偏差为1.56%~2.31%(n=6);回收率为97.0%~102.7%;检出限为0.047mg/kg。本法灵敏、准确、可靠,可用于咸味食品中痕量Pb~(2+)的测定。     

生物预处理对甘蔗渣转化的影响

为了研究不同种类产纤维素酶的菌株降解甘蔗渣的效果,结合已得出的最佳化学预处理方法,利用枯草芽孢杆菌、绿色木霉和烟曲霉三种高产纤维素酶的菌株对甘蔗渣进行生物预处理,比较降解效果;并用腺嘌呤缺陷型和非缺陷型酵母进行发酵,比较乙醇产量。结果表明:分解10 g甘蔗渣,枯草芽孢杆菌组还原糖产量为427.56 mg,绿色木霉组还原糖产量为887.36 mg,烟曲霉组还原糖产量为982.84mg。相同还原糖含量的烟曲霉组和绿色木霉组滤液用腺嘌呤缺陷型酵母发酵时,在27℃发酵25.5 h,乙醇浓度达到最高值,绿色木霉组为5.4%,烟曲霉组为5.5%。在三种产纤维素酶菌株中,烟曲霉降解甘蔗渣的效果最好。     

Enhancing Removal of Cr(VI), Pb2+, and Cu2+ from Aqueous Solutions Using Amino-Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystal

In this work, the amino-functionalized cellulose nanocrystal (ACNC) was prepared using a green route and applied as a biosorbent for adsorption of Cr(VI), Pb²⁺, and Cu²⁺ from aqueous solutions. CNC was firstly oxidized by sodium periodate to yield the dialdehyde nanocellulose (DACNC). Then, DACNC reacted with diethylenetriamine (DETA) to obtain amino-functionalized nanocellulose (ACNC) through a Schiff base reaction. The properties of DACNC and ACNC were characterized by using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Kaiser test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and zeta potential measurement. The presence of free amino groups was evidenced by the FT-IR results and Kaiser test. ACNCs exhibited an amphoteric nature with isoelectric points between pH 8 and 9. After the chemical modification, the cellulose I polymorph of nanocellulose remained, while the crystallinity decreased. The adsorption behavior of ACNC was investigated for the removal of Cr(VI), Pb²⁺, and Cu²⁺ in aqueous solutions. The maximum adsorption capacities were obtained at pH 2 for Cr(VI) and pH 6 for Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺, respectively. The adsorption all followed pseudo second-order kinetics and Sips adsorption isotherms. The estimated adsorption capacities for Cr(VI), Pb²⁺, and Cu²⁺ were 70.503, 54.115, and 49.600 mg/g, respectively.     

室温合成二硫化二正丁基黄原酸酯及其表征

以正丁醇、氢氧化钠和二硫化碳为原料,水作溶剂合成正丁基黄原酸钠,再与一氯化硫反应,室温条件下合成对称的二硫化二正丁基黄原酸酯,并探讨了反应条件对合成正丁基黄原酸钠和二硫化二正丁基黄原酸酯产率的影响。通过红外(FT-IR)、核磁(1H NMR)、质谱(MS)及元素分析等技术手段确定了产物的结构。优化的合成条件为:n(正丁基黄原酸钠)∶n(S2Cl2)=2∶1.1,温度为室温,溶剂为THF,反应时间为2 min,产率可达83.2%,反应条件温和,反应迅速、收率高。     

聚硫醚型纤维素的合成及其吸附性能

稻壳纤维素;氯甲基硫杂丙环;金属离子;聚硫醚型纤维素的合成及其吸附性能     

Preparation and Evaluation of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose from Sugarcane Bagasse for Applications in Coal-Water Slurry

A study on the feasibility of preparing cellulose from sugarcane bagasse, by means of chemical procedures including acid hydrolysis and alkaline treatment was conducted. The extracted purified cellulose was further used to prepare a cost-effective additive via alkalization and etherification for Coal-water slurry (CWS). The degree of substitute (DS) and intrinsic viscosity of the prepared sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC1) were determined and its structure was also characterized by means of FT-IR and TGA, with another sample of SCMC2 produced from microcrystalline cellulose and a commercial SCMC3 as references. Results showed SCMC1 had a DS of 0.857 which was 32.7% and 44.7% higher than SCMC2 and SCMC3, respectively. The higher intrinsic viscosity of SCMC1 indicated it had a higher molecular mass. The SCMC samples were used as additives to prepare CWS of which the rheological behavior and static stability were measured to evaluate their applied performances. The data showed that CWS with SCMC1 had a lower apparent viscosity and higher static stability than others, which was due to the higher DS and higher molecular mass of SCMC1. For SCMC1 could provide stronger electrostatic repulsive forces and steric repulsive forces between the coal particles via adsorption.     

Synthesis of Ruthenium Xanthate Complex and Its Electrocatalytic Activity for Tryptophan Oxidation

A new ruthenium complex containing bidentate xanthate ligands was synthesized in a good yield. This complex was characterized by elemental analysis, proton nuclear magnetic resonance(¹H NMR), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and UV-Vis spectroscopies. The cyclic voltammetry of the complex revealed one quasi-redox wave centered at Ru(Ⅲ)/ Ru(Ⅱ) couple, indicating its catalytic potential. So the preparation of a glass carbon electrode modified with ruthenium xanthate complex and its electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of tryptophan(Trp) were also studied. The experimental results show that the modified electrode had excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of tryptophan. Moreover, under the optimized conditions, the oxidation peak current was proportional to tryptophan concentration in a range of 2.5×10^-7 to 5.0×10^-5 mol/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9928 and a detection limit of 8.3×10^-8 mol/L(S/N=3). Using the proposed method, tryptophan was successfully determined in pharmaceutical samples with standard addition method.