新型海洋双吲哚类生物碱的研究进展

双吲哚类生物碱是近年来分离到的一类很重要的海洋天然产物。由于这类化合物具有新颖的化学结构和多种生理活性,因此它们引起了科学家极大的兴趣。本文综述了近年来新型海洋双吲哚类生物碱的研究进展。     

3,4-桥环吲哚类生物碱的合成研究进展

取代的吲哚类天然产物是自然界中普遍存在的一类杂环化合物,由于其具有广泛的生理活性,以及相当一部分作为重要的临床使用药物,100多年以来,吲哚的合成及官能团化一直是有机合成化学家关注的一个重要领域.在众多吲哚类生物碱中,含有3,4-桥环吲哚骨架的天然产物占据了相当一部分,由于其独特的结构和良好的生物活性,这些分子引起了有机合成化学家的广泛兴趣.重点概述了构建3,4-桥环骨架的主要合成方法和策略,并对一些方法在天然产物全合成中的应用作简要介绍.     

喜树中的吲哚生物碱

从喜树(Camptetheca acuminata Decne)果中分到五个微量吲哚类生物碱, 其中两个为新生物碱, 分别为camptacumotint(1)和camptacumanine(2), 另外三个为已知生物碱naucleficine(3), angustoline(4)和新天然产物二氢异喹胺(dihydroisoquinamine, 5).     

合成双吲哚甲烷类衍生物的研究进展

双吲哚甲烷类衍生物具有丰富的生物活性和药理活性,在医药领域得到了广泛的应用.近年来,对双吲哚甲烷类衍生物的合成研究引起了人们的热点关注.对双吲哚甲烷类衍生物的合成方法进行了综述,并将催化剂按照不同的类型分为:(1)路易斯酸催化剂,(2)分子碘催化剂,(3)质子酸催化剂,(4)固载催化剂,(5)杂多酸催化剂,(6)有机小分子催化剂,(7)配合物催化剂,(8)离子液体催化剂,(9)其它类型的催化剂.     

Fischer吲哚合成法的研究进展

吲哚及其衍生物具有某些生物活性, 其合成方法很多. 其中Fischer吲哚合成是最便捷和经济的合成方法, 应用最多. 对此法近十年来的合成工艺进行了综述和评价.     

手性吲哚啉衍生物合成方法的研究进展

吲哚啉衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,因具有多种生物学活性而引起广泛关注.近年来,手性吲哚啉衍生物成为此领域的研究热点,也报道了多种相应的合成方法,主要包括动力学拆分、不对称合成、手性合成子策略等,不对称Domino级联反应作为近年来发展较快的领域,也引起了广泛关注,对以上合成方法加以综述.     

吲哚菁染料的研究进展

吲哚菁染料以其特有的结构, 已成为在光谱增感、光盘存储、生物分析、太阳能电池等方面应用广泛的染料品种之一. 综述了十五年来吲哚菁染料的合成进展, 对其应用现状作了简要介绍.     

吲哚二酮哌嗪类化合物的合成研究进展

吲哚二酮哌嗪类化合物是一类重要的杂环化合物,自然界中存在许多含有此结构单元的物质.由于该类物质具有多种生物活性,特别是抗肿瘤活性,因此它们的合成得到了广泛的研究.综述了吲哚二酮哌嗪类化合物的主要合成方法及其研究进展.     

吲哚衍生物合成与应用的研究进展

综述了以苯胺衍生物(或硝基苯衍生物)为原料合成吲哚衍生物的方法和吲哚衍生物的应用。吲哚类化合物的合成方法主要有：Fischer合成法,苯胺衍生物合成法,硝基衍生物合成法和Nenitzescu合成法等。吲哚衍生物在制药、染料和香料等领域有重要应用。参考文献105篇。     

3-取代芳基-2-吲哚基膦酸酯的合成

本文根据Fischer吲哚合成法制备了一系列的3-取代芳基-2-吲哚基膦酸酯. 盐酸苯肼与o,o-二异丙基-4-氯-苯乙酰基膦酸酯在无水酒精中反应, O,O-二异丙基-(4'-氯苯-3H-吲哚-2-膦酸酯能被分离出来, 而且它的异构化最终产物能被观察到.     

A Divergent Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Post-Iboga Indole Alkaloids

Divergent enantioselective total syntheses of five naturally occurring post-iboga indole alkaloids, dippinine B and C, 10,11-demethoxychippiine, 3-O-methyl-10,11-demethoxychippiine, and 3-hydroxy-3,4-secocoronaridine, as well as the two analogues 11-demethoxydippinine A and D, are presented for the first time. The enantioenriched aza[3.3.1]-bridged cycle, a common core intermediate to the target molecules, was constructed through an asymmetric phase-transfer-catalyzed Michael/aldol cascade reaction. The challenging azepane ring fused around the indole ring and the [3.3.1]-bridged cycle were installed through an intramolecular S_N2′-type reaction. These cyclization strategies enabled rapid construction of the [6.5.6.6.7]-pentacyclic core at an early stage. Highlights of the late-stage synthetic steps include a Pd-catalyzed Stille coupling and a highly stereoselective catalyst-controlled hydrogenation to incorporate the side chain at C₂₀ with both R and S configurations in the natural products.     

Towards the Sarpagine-Ajmaline-Macroline Family of Indole Alkaloids: Enantioselective Synthesis of an N-Demethyl Alstolactone Diastereomer

the strategy involving the use of functionalized tetrahydro-6H-cycloocta[b]indol-6-one is reported as a key intermediate for synthesis of members of the sarpagine-ajmaline-macroline family of monoterpene indole alkaloids. The desired tricycle was synthesized through the following key steps: 1) Evans’ syn-selective aldolization; 2) Liebeskind–Srogl cross-coupling using the phenylthiol ester of 3-chloropropanoic acid as a surrogate of acrylic thioester for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted indoles; and 3) ring-closing metathesis (RCM) for the formation of the eight-membered ring. An N-allylation followed by intramolecular 1,4-addition was planned for synthesis of the vobasine class of natural products. However, attempted cyclizations under a diverse set of conditions involving anionic, radical, and organopalladium/organonickel species failed to produce the bridged ring system. On the other hand, esterification of the pendant primary alcohol function with acetoacetic acid, followed by intramolecular Michael addition, afforded the desired tetracycle with excellent diastereoselectivity. Subsequent functional group manipulation and transannular cyclization of the amino alcohol afforded the N(1)-demethyl-3,5-diepi-alstolactone. We believe that the same synthetic route would afford the alstolactone should the amino alcohol with appropriate stereochemistry be used as the starting material.     

Total Synthesis of Aspidosperma and Strychnos Alkaloids through Indole Dearomatization

Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids are the major class of tryptamine-derived alkaloids found in nature. Together with their structural complexity, this has attracted great interest from synthetic organic chemists. In this Review, the syntheses of Aspidosperma and Strychnos alkaloids through dearomatization of indoles are discussed.     

云南蕊木茎中的抗炎吲哚生物碱

应用多种色谱和波谱学方法,从云南蕊木(Kopsia officinalis)茎中分离鉴定了27个单萜吲哚生物碱,包括7个新化合物kopsiofficines A～G和20个已知化合物.此外,建立脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7炎症模型,通过测定IL-1β, PGE2和TNF-α炎症因子释放评价生物碱的抗炎活性.结果表明, kopsiofficines A (1), kopsiofficines B (2),kopsiofficines D(4),kopsiofficines F(6),kopsiofficines G(7), 12-methoxykopsine(11),kopsinoline(15),(-)-N-methoxy-carbonyl-11,12-methylenedioxykopsinaline(16),kopsinine(18)和kopsinic acid(20)表现出显著的抗炎活性,与阳性对照(地塞米松)基本相当.研究发现C-5位丙酮基取代的单萜吲哚生物碱的抗炎活性明显强于原型生物碱,推测丙酮基可能是抗炎活性的药效促进基团,研究结果为进一步的结构修饰...     

Direct Synthesis of Structurally Divergent Indole Alkaloids from Simple Chemicals

A direct and structurally divergent synthesis of indole alkaloids from very simple 2‐vinylanilines, alkynes and TBN via a novel substrate fragmentation/cycloaddition strategy has been developed, which provides an efficient noble‐metal‐free approach to access a library of highly valuable indole derivatives of tryptamines and tryptamine‐related oximes, lactams, and lactones, as well as β‐carbolines, spiroindolines, and hexa‐hydropyrrolo[2,3‐b]indoles.     

Two New Indole Alkaloids from Tabernaemontana hystrix Steud. (Apocynaceae)

Two new monoterpene indole alkaloids named ibogamine‐7,8‐dione ( 1 ) and 12‐methoxyvoachalotine ( 2 ), and eight known ones, coronaridine ( 3 ), coronaridine hydroxyindolenine ( 4 ), 5‐oxocoronaridine ( 5 ), 3‐oxocoronaridine hydroxyindolenine ( 6 ), 3‐oxocoronaridine ( 7 ), vobasine ( 8 ), ibogamine ( 9 ), and olivacine ( 10 ), were isolated from a CH₂Cl₂ extract of the root bark from Tabernaemontana hystrix. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analyses, mainly ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR, including 2D experiments (¹H,¹H‐COSY, HMBC, and HMQC).     

Elucidation of the Concise Biosynthetic Pathway of the Communesin Indole Alkaloids

The communesins are a prominent class of indole alkaloids isolated from Penicillium species. Owing to their daunting structural framework and potential as pharmaceuticals, communesins have inspired numerous synthetic studies. However, the genetic and biochemical basis of communesin biosynthesis has remained unexplored. Herein, we report the identification and characterization of the communesin (cns) biosynthetic gene cluster from Penicillium expansum. We confirmed that communesin is biosynthesized by the coupling of tryptamine and aurantioclavine, two building blocks derived from L ‐tryptophan. The postmodification steps were mapped by targeted‐gene‐deletion experiments and the structural elucidation of intermediates and new analogues. Our studies set the stage for the biochemical characterization of communesin biosynthesis. This knowledge will aid our understanding of how nature generates remarkable structural complexity from simple precursors.     

3-取代吲哚衍生物的合成

目前吲哚化学的研究是杂环化学中最活跃的领域之一,特别是3-取代吲哚衍生物,已用于许多天然产物和相应具有生物活性化合物重要骨架的构筑,其合成方法的研究格外令人注目。近年来,由吲哚一步合成3-取代吲哚衍生物的报道剧增。本文按合成过程中所用催化剂的种类,综述近几年来由吲哚为原料一步合成二吲哚甲烷、β-吲哚酮、β-吲哚醇、β-吲哚硝基化合物和α-吲哚甲胺等为代表3-取代吲哚衍生物的研究进展。