无机盐活化剂一氨基酸盐基溶液捕集温室气体CO2

将无机盐K3PO4、K2HPO4和KH2PO4作为活化剂,分别添加于氨基乙酸盐溶液中,形成CO2活化吸收剂,采用膜接触器-再生循环装置,评价和比较了氨基乙酸盐和活化吸收剂捕集CO2的性能,研究了活化剂的浓度、气液流速等因素对总体积传质系数、传质通量和捕集率的影响。结果表明,磷酸盐活化剂在氨基乙酸盐吸收剂中,对CO2的捕集均产生影响,活化效应存在PO4^3-〉HPO4^2-〉H2PO4^-的规律;添加少量活化剂的作用比添加较多量的活化作用大;活化吸收剂的捕集率明显大于非活化吸收剂;膜吸收流体力学状态的改变,能够改善膜接触器传质性能,增大传质通量,但增大的程度有限。     

膜接触器 复合有机胺溶液捕集CO2(英文）

本文提出一种基于氨基酸盐的CO₂复合吸收剂,采用膜接触器 复合溶液耦合技术研究了吸收CO₂的性能,并与单一氨基酸盐溶液吸收性能进行了比较,讨论了气液流速等因素对气液出口CO₂浓度、捕集效率和总传质系数的影响,开发了一个阻力层模型预测膜接触器的总传质系数。结果表明：复合溶液的性能明显好于单一氨基酸盐溶液;与单一溶液比较,使用复合溶液,气相出口CO₂浓度较低,液相出口CO₂浓度较高,捕集效率也较高;复合溶液的总传质系数明显高于单一溶液。可以证实,在膜吸收过程中氨基酸盐基复合溶液是一高效的CO₂吸收剂。模型的预测值符合实验值。     

CO2捕集膜分离的Pebax基材料研究进展

膜分离CO₂技术是实现“双碳”目标的关键技术手段之一,而膜材料的性能对膜分离效果具有重要影响.聚醚嵌段聚酰胺(Pebax)对CO₂具有较高的渗透性和选择性,其自身具有高机械强度和良好的化学稳定性,且价廉易得,是一种极具潜力的聚合物气体分离膜材料.本综述介绍了用于CO₂捕集的Pebax基膜材料的特征及其气体分离性能的影响因素,重点概述了Pebax制备工艺优化、促进传递膜、交联和共混四种Pebax超薄复合膜的优化方式,并综述了Pebax基混合基质膜及填料功能化的研究进展.针对目前Pebax基材料存在渗透性和选择性权衡的问题,对Pebax基膜材料未来的优化方向作出了展望.     

非胺类CO2吸收剂的研究进展

针对CO₂所带来的全球气候变化问题,本文综述了可用于捕集CO₂的非胺类吸收剂类型,认为氨基酸盐、氨基酸-碳酸钾体系、离子液体、生物型吸收剂、钙基吸收剂分别具有较高的CO₂循环吸收负荷、低毒性、热稳定性好、较优的生物相容性、钙源易获取的优势,可以弥补胺类吸收剂在吸收-解吸CO₂时腐蚀性强、再生能耗高、对环境产生二次污染等方面的不足。氨基酸盐、氨基酸-碳酸钾体系可应用于具有一定规模的CO₂捕集工业中;离子液体可应用于精准、绿色环保去除CO₂工业中;生物型吸收剂可用于规模小、CO₂浓度低的工业中;钙基吸收剂可运用于CO₂浓度高的工业中。上述吸收剂皆具有一定的工业前景。     

CO2吸附活化的研究进展

本文分析讨论了CO₂ 在金属催化剂和金属氧化物催化剂上吸附活化的机理及活化吸附态的反应性能, 提出了CO₂ 作为一种温和氧化剂在化工生产中加以综合利用的有效途径。     

Li4SiO4对CO2捕集性能的实验研究

以Li₂CO₃和SiO₂为原料,通过高温固相合成法合成了CO₂捕集剂Li₄SiO₄,并用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所合成的材料在CO₂捕集前后的晶相变化以及微观结构进行了表征。通过热重分析仪(TGA)研究了Li₄SiO₄材料吸附CO₂的性能,并在小型热态实验台架上进行了CO₂热态捕集实验。实验结果表明,Li₄SiO₄对CO₂的捕集性能受Li₄SiO₄合成温度、CO₂的吸附温度以及气体中CO₂含量的影响,在700 ℃下制得的Li₄SiO₄具有最佳的CO₂吸附特性,最大吸附增量可达34%。Li₄SiO₄的吸附能力随着CO₂含量和吸附时间的增加而增加,当CO₂浓度分别为75%、67%、60%时,700 ℃ Li₄SiO₄对CO₂最大吸附量分别可达6.68 mmol/g、3.37 mmol/g、2.02 mmol/g (理论量8.33 mmol/g)。     

Ni-Co/TiO2增强CO2加氢反应性能的研究

通过浸渍-沉淀法合成负载型双金属催化剂Ni-Co/TiO₂,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和氮气吸附-脱附(BET)对其晶型、形貌、组成、表面元素价态和比表面积进行表征.在CO₂加氢反应中,Ni-Co/Ti O₂催化剂在3 h反应时间内生成84.4μmol CH₄,相较于Ni/Ti O₂催化剂,其CH₄产量提高了46.3%.二氧化碳程序升温脱附(CO₂-TPD)和氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)测试结果证实,Co的引入能增强Ni-Co/Ti O₂对CO₂的吸附和活化,从而促进其加氢反应效率的提高.经过5次循环活性测试,Ni/Ti O₂的活性降低了20.5%,而Ni-Co/Ti O₂的活性仅仅降低了10.9%,这表明Co的引...     

膜吸收-再生循环技术捕集CO_2操作性能及其参数优化研究

采用N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)+哌嗪(PZ)复合溶液作为捕集CO2吸收剂,研究了膜吸收-再生循环装置的操作性能,考察了气液流量、吸收剂浓度和再生电压等因素对捕集率和传质通量的影响,采用正交实验方法,优化操作条件,确定最佳操作方案。结果表明,气体流量对捕集率的影响明显大于液体流量的影响;气体流量增大对传质通量影响不明显;吸收剂浓度的增大使传质通量迅速增大,但大于一定值时通量不再增大;正交实验得出最佳操作条件为液体流量110 mL/min、气体流量0.65 L/min、吸收剂总浓度2.5 mol/L和再生电压210 V,捕集率大于95%,传质通量维持在5.86×10-4mol/(m2.s)。     

离子液体支撑液膜分离CO2

支撑液膜是一种在湿法冶金、生物技术以及气体分离等多个领域都有应用的重要膜分离技术。本文回顾了支撑液膜技术分离CO2的研究进展,按照液膜相的不同,分类介绍了常规载体支撑液膜和离子液体支撑液膜,指出了常规载体支撑液膜分离CO2的局限性,重点介绍了离子液体支撑液膜分离CO2的发展,分析了气体在离子液体支撑液膜中的传质机理以及常规离子液体结构、含量和支撑膜材料等对分离效果的影响;讨论了离子液体的功能化方法以及功能化离子液体支撑液膜分离CO2的渗透率、选择性和液膜稳定性;介绍了两种新的离子液体支撑液膜改进方法:聚离子液体膜与凝胶化离子液体支撑液膜。最后指出了今后用于CO2分离的离子液体支撑液膜的发展方向。     

CO2和环氧乙烷直接制备碳酸乙烯酯的研究进展

本文综述了利用CO₂和环氧乙烷（EO）直接催化合成碳酸乙烯酯（EC）的研究进展，详细讨论了各种催化剂活化EO和CO₂，完成环加成反应的催化机理，并展望了该领域的研究前景。     

A hollow-fiber membrane extraction process for recovery and separation of lactic acid from aqueous solution

An energy-efficient hollow-fiber membrane extraction process was successfully developed to separate and recover lactic acid produced in fermentation. Although many fermentation processes have been developed for lactic acid production, and economical method for lactic acid recovery from the fermentation broth is still needed. Continuous extraction of lactic acid from a simulated aqueous stream was achieved by using Alamine 336 in 2-octanol contained in a hollow-fiber membrane extractor. In this process, the extractant was simultaneously regenerated by stripping with NaOH in a second membrane extractor, and the final product is a concentrated lactate salt solution. The extraction rate increased linearly with an increase in the Alamine 336 content in the solvent (from 5 to 40%). Increasing the concentration of the undissociated lactic acid in the feed solution by either increasing the lactate concentration (from 5 to 40 g/L) or decreasing the solution pH (from 5.0 to 4.0) also increased the extraction rate. Based on these observations, a reactive extraction model with a first-order reaction mechanism for both lactic acid and amine concentrations was proposed. The extraction rate also increased with an increase in the feed flow rate, but not the flow rates of solvent and the stripping solution, suggesting that the process was not limited by diffusion in the liquid films or membrane pores. A mathematical model considering both diffusion and chemical reaction in the extractor and back extractor was developed to simulate the process. The model fits the experimental data well and can be used in scale up design of the process.     

Supported absorption of CO2 by tetrabutylphosphonium amino acid ionic liquids

A new type of "task specific ionic liquid", tetrabutylphosphonium amino acid [P(C4)4][AA], was synthesized by the reaction of tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide [P(C4)4][OH] with amino acids, including glycine, L-alanine, L-beta-alanine, L-serine, and L-lysine. The liquids produced were characterized by NMR, IR spectroscopies, and elemental analysis, and their thermal decomposition temperature, glass transition temperature, electrical conductivity, density, and viscosity were recorded in detail. The [P(C4)4][AA] supported on porous silica gel effected fast and reversible CO2 absorption when compared with bubbling CO2 into the bulk of the ionic liquid. No changes in absorption capacity and kinetics were found after four cycles of absorption/desorption. The CO2 absorption capacity at equilibrium was 50 mol % of the ionic liquids. In the presence of water (1 wt %), the ionic liquids could absorb equimolar amounts of CO2. The CO2 absorption mechanisms of the ionic liquids with and without water were different.     

Preparation of composite poly（ether block amide） membrane for CO2 capture

In this study, a poly（ether block amide） （Pebax 1657） composite membrane applied for COa capture was prepared by coating Pebax 1657 solution on polyacrylonitrile （PAN） ultrafiltration membrane. Ethanol/water mixture was used as the solvent of Pebax and the effects of ethanol/water mass ratios and Pebax concentration on the permeation properties of composite membrane were studied. To enhance the com- posite membrane permeance, the gutter layer, made from reactive amino silicone crosslinking with potydimethylsiloxane （PDMS）, was de- signed. The influence of crosslinldng degree of the gutter layer on membrane performance was investigated. As a result, a Pebardamino- PDMS/PAN multilayer membrane with hexane resistance was developed, showing CO2 permeance of 350 GPU and CO2/N2 selectivity over 50. The blend of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether （PEG-DME） with Pebax as coating material was studied to further improve the membrane performance. After being combined with PEG-DME additive, CO2 permeance of the final Pebax-PEG-DME/amino-PDMS/PAN composite membrane reached 400 GPU above with CO2/Na selectivity over 65.     

CuBr2 mediated synthesis of 2-Aminothiazoles from dithiocarbamic acid salts and ketones

Abstract

In a one-pot procedure, CuBr₂ has been used as a efficient desulfurizing agent in the synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles by the condensation of in situ-generated 1-substituted thioureas from their dithiocarbamic acid salts, with in situ-generated α-bromoketones from ketones. All reactions were carried out under optimized reaction conditions and gave the target products in 61–95% yield.     

电厂废气中饱和水蒸气对活性炭变压吸附捕集CO2的影响

由于热电厂废气中含有高湿饱和水蒸气,选用疏水材料活性炭为吸附剂,利用真空变压吸附技术研究了活性炭分离电厂废气中水蒸气和二氧化碳的可行性和优越性,研究了水对CO₂捕集的影响。实验分析表明,水在活性炭上的“S”型等温吸附曲线有利于真空条件下被解吸。同时,圆锥模型描述了水蒸气在吸附床内的浓度分布。结果表明,即使水蒸气可以被活性炭吸附,但它的存在不影响CO₂的捕集。每个循环操作可在相对较短的解吸时间和较高的解吸压力下完成。实验中单床三步变压吸附工艺可以使CO₂回收率高达80%,CO₂纯度达43%。     

Transport of sulfuric acid through anion-exchange membrane NEOSEPTA-AFN

This paper deals with the determination of the membrane mass transfer coefficient for sulfuric acid in an anion-exchange membrane NEOSEPTA-AFN. This quantity has been determined on the basis of experiments carried out in a batch dialysis cell using the method of numerical integration of the basic differential equation describing the time dependence of sulfuric acid concentration and subsequent optimization procedure. The experiments carried out made it possible to calculate the membrane mass transfer coefficient for sulfuric acid over the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.9 kmol m⁻³ in the external solution.     

Theoretical study of the kojic acid structure in gas phase and aqueous solution

Density functional calculations at the B3LYP/6‐311++G** level have been performed to determine the ground‐state conformational preference for kojic acid, a widely used skin‐whitening, antibrowning, and antibacterial agent. It is found that the gas phase consists almost entirely of the 5‐hydroxy‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one tautomer, although several rotamers of this are prevalent. In aqueous solution, however, other tautomers are also present. The validity of the calculations is confirmed by the observed FTIR, NMR, and UV–vis spectra, which show good correspondence with the theoretical spectra. The electronic interactions are interpreted in terms of charge and bond order analysis as well as the composition of the HOMO and LUMO. The calculations show that kojic acid has partial aromatic character and is a good nucleophile. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011     

Improvement in gas separation properties of a polymeric membrane through the incorporation of inorganic nano‐particles

The present work tries to introduce a high‐performance nano‐composite membrane by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as its main polymer matrix to meet some specific requirements in industrial gas separations. Different nano‐composite membranes were synthesized by incorporating various amounts of nano‐sized silica particles into the PDMS matrix. A uniform dispersion of nano‐particles in the host membranes was obtained. The nano‐composite membranes were characterized morphologically by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Separation properties, permeability, and ideal selectivity of C₃H₈, CH₄, and H₂ through the synthesized nano‐composite membranes with different nano‐particle contents (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 wt%) were investigated at different pressures (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 atm) and constant temperature (35°C). It was found out that a 2 wt% loading of nano‐particles into the PDMS matrix is optimal to obtain the best separation performance. Afterwards, sorption experiments for the synthesized nano‐composite membranes were carried out, and diffusion coefficients of the gases were calculated based on solution‐diffusion mechanism. Gas permeation and sorption experiments showed an increase in sorption and a decrease in diffusion coefficients of the gases through the nano‐composite membranes by adding nano‐particles into the host polymer matrix. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.