Transient times,resonances and drifts of attractors in dissipative rotational dynamics

In a dissipative system the time to reach an attractor is often influenced by the peculiarities of the model and in particular by the strength of the dissipation. As a dissipative model we consider the spin–orbit problem providing the dynamics of a triaxial satellite orbiting around a central planet and affected by tidal torques. The model is ruled by the oblateness parameter of the satellite, the orbital eccentricity, the dissipative parameter and the drift term. We devise a method which provides a reliable indication on the transient time which is needed to reach an attractor in the spin–orbit model; the method is based on an analytical result, precisely a suitable normal form construction. This method provides also information about the frequency of motion. A variant of such normal form used to parameterize invariant attractors provides a specific formula for the drift parameter, which in turn yields a constraint – which might be of interest in astronomical problems – between the oblateness of the satellite and its orbital eccentricity.     

Unique normal forms for area preserving maps near a fixed point with neutral multipliers

We study normal forms for families of area-preserving maps which have a fixed point with neutral multipliers ±1 at ? = 0. Our study covers both the orientation-preserving and orientation-reversing cases. In these cases Birkhoff normal forms do not provide a substantial simplification of the system. In the paper we prove that the Takens normal form vector field can be substantially simplified. We also show that if certain non-degeneracy conditions are satisfied no further simplification is generically possible since the constructed normal forms are unique. In particular, we provide a full system of formal invariants with respect to formal coordinate changes.     

An adaptive scheme for the approximation of dissipative systems

We propose a new scheme for the long time approximation of a diffusion when the drift vector field is not globally Lipschitz. Under this assumption, a regular explicit Euler scheme–with constant or decreasing step–may explode and implicit Euler schemes are CPU-time expensive. The algorithm we introduce is explicit and we prove that any weak limit of the weighted empirical measures of this scheme is a stationary distribution of the stochastic differential equation. Several examples are presented including gradient dissipative systems and Hamiltonian dissipative systems.     

Embedding and splitting ordinary differential equations in normal form

We introduce an embedding of real or complex n-dimensional space Kⁿ as an algebraic variety V which is determined by the action of a linear one-parameter group. Every analytic vector field on Kⁿ corresponds to some embedded vector field on V. For a symmetric vector field this embedded vector field splits into a reduced system and a direct sum of non-autonomous linear systems. Examples and applications are mostly concerned with Poincaré-Dulac normal forms. Embeddings provide a natural setting for perturbations of symmetric systems, in particular of systems in normal form up to some degree.     

A dissipative singular Sturm-Liouville problem with a spectral parameter in the boundary condition

In the Hilbert space , we consider nonselfadjoint singular Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem (with two singular end points a and b) in limit-circle cases at a and b, and with a spectral parameter in the boundary condition. The approach is based on the use of the maximal dissipative operator, and the spectral analysis of this operator is adequate for boundary value problem. We construct a selfadjoint dilation of the maximal dissipative operator and its incoming and outgoing spectral representations, which make it possible to determine the scattering matrix of the dilation. We also construct a functional model of the maximal dissipative operator and define its characteristic function in terms of solutions of the corresponding Sturm-Liouville equation. On the basis of the results obtained regarding the theory of the characteristic function, we prove theorems on completeness of the system of eigenvectors and associated vectors of the maximal dissipative operator and Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem.     

Polynomial normal forms with exponentially small remainder for analytic vector fields

A key tool in the study of the dynamics of vector fields near an equilibrium point is the theory of normal forms, invented by Poincaré, which gives simple forms to which a vector field can be reduced close to the equilibrium. In the class of formal vector valued vector fields the problem can be easily solved, whereas in the class of analytic vector fields divergence of the power series giving the normalizing transformation generally occurs. Nevertheless the study of the dynamics in a neighborhood of the origin can very often be carried out via a normalization up to finite order. This paper is devoted to the problem of optimal truncation of normal forms for analytic vector fields in R^m. More precisely we prove that for any vector field in R^m admitting the origin as a fixed point with a semi-simple linearization, the order of the normal form can be optimized so that the remainder is exponentially small. We also give several examples of non-semi-simple linearization for which this result is still true.     

Generalization of the Jurdjevic-Quinn theorem and stabilization of bilinear control systems with periodic coefficients: I

The Jurdjevic-Quinn theorem on the global asymptotic stabilization of the origin is generalized to nonlinear time-varying affine control systems with periodic coefficients. The proof is based on the Krasovskii theorem on the global asymptotic stability for periodic systems and the introduced notion of “commutator” for two vector fields one of which is time-varying. The obtained sufficient conditions for stabilization are applied to bilinear control systems with periodic coefficients. We construct a control periodic in t in the form of a quadratic form in x that asymptotically stabilizes the zero solution of a bilinear periodic system with a time-invariant drift.     

Pluriassociative algebras I: The pluriassociative operad

Diassociative algebras form a category of algebras recently introduced by Loday. A diassociative algebra is a vector space endowed with two associative binary operations satisfying some very natural relations. Any diassociative algebra is an algebra over the diassociative operad, and, among its most notable properties, this operad is the Koszul dual of the dendriform operad. We introduce here, by adopting the point of view and the tools offered by the theory of operads, a generalization on a nonnegative integer parameter γ of diassociative algebras, called γ-pluriassociative algebras, so that 1-pluriassociative algebras are diassociative algebras. Pluriassociative algebras are vector spaces endowed with 2γ associative binary operations satisfying some relations. We provide a complete study of the γ-pluriassociative operads, the underlying operads of the category of γ-pluriassociative algebras. We exhibit a realization of these operads, establish several presentations by generators and relations, compute their Hilbert series, show that they are Koszul, and construct the free objects in the corresponding categories. We also study several notions of units in γ-pluriassociative algebras and propose a general way to construct such algebras. This paper ends with the introduction of an analogous generalization of the triassociative operad of Loday and Ronco.     

Pluriassociative algebras II: The polydendriform operad and related operads

Dendriform algebras form a category of algebras recently introduced by Loday. A dendriform algebra is a vector space endowed with two nonassociative binary operations satisfying some relations. Any dendriform algebra is an algebra over the dendriform operad, the Koszul dual of the diassociative operad. We introduce here, by adopting the point of view and the tools offered by the theory of operads, a generalization on a nonnegative integer parameter γ of dendriform algebras, called γ-polydendriform algebras, so that 1-polydendriform algebras are dendriform algebras. For that, we consider the operads obtained as the Koszul duals of the γ-pluriassociative operads introduced by the author in a previous work. In the same manner as dendriform algebras are suitable devices to split associative operations into two parts, γ-polydendriform algebras seem adapted structures to split associative operations into 2γ operation so that some partial sums of these operations are associative. We provide a complete study of the γ-polydendriform operads, the underlying operads of the category of γ-polydendriform algebras. We exhibit several presentations by generators and relations, compute their Hilbert series, and construct free objects in the corresponding categories. We also provide consistent generalizations on a nonnegative integer parameter of the duplicial, triassociative and tridendriform operads, and of some operads of the operadic butterfly.     

Well-posed Property of the Inverse Problem for the Lame's Parameters λ,μ and Dissipative Factor γ

In this paper, the inversion of coefficients Lame's parameters λ, μ and dissipative factor ϒ in one order dissipative elastic wave equation in the vector form is discussed. Under some smoothness conditions, we have proved the existence, uniqueness and extension theorems of the local solution to the inverse problem by means of an equivalent integral system. Stability, well-posed property of the solution and the property of the solution at the end point of the largest existence interval are also researched.     

Almost Contact Lagrangian Submanifolds of Nearly Kaehler 6-Sphere

For a Lagrangian submanifold M of S ⁶ with nearly Kaehler structure, we provide conditions for a canonically induced almost contact metric structure on M by a unit vector field, to be Sasakian. Assuming M contact metric, we show that it is Sasakian if and only if the second fundamental form annihilates the Reeb vector field ξ, furthermore, if the Sasakian submanifold M is parallel along ξ, then it is the totally geodesic 3-sphere. We conclude with a condition that reduces the normal canonical almost contact metric structure on M to Sasakian or cosymplectic structure.     

A Diophantine duality applied to the KAM and Nekhoroshev theorems

In this paper, we use geometry of numbers to relate two dual Diophantine problems. This allows us to focus on simultaneous approximations rather than small linear forms. As a consequence, we develop a new approach to the perturbation theory for quasi-periodic solutions dealing only with periodic approximations and avoiding classical small divisors estimates. We obtain two results of stability, in the spirit of the KAM and Nekhoroshev theorems, in the model case of a perturbation of a constant vector field on the $n$ -dimensional torus. Our first result, which is a Nekhoroshev type theorem, is the construction of a “partial” normal form, that is a normal form with a small remainder whose size depends on the Diophantine properties of the vector. Then, assuming our vector satisfies the Bruno–Rüssmann condition, we construct an “inverted” normal form, recovering the classical KAM theorem of Kolmogorov, Arnold and Moser for constant vector fields on torus.     

Involutive distributions and dynamical systems of second-order type

We investigate the existence of coordinate transformations which bring a given vector field on a manifold equipped with an involutive distribution into the form of a second-order differential equation field with parameters. We define associated connections and we give a coordinate-independent criterion for determining whether the vector field is of quadratic type. Further, we investigate the underlying global bundle structure of the manifold under consideration, induced by the vector field and the involutive distribution.     

Asymptotic behavior of a nonisothermal viscous Cahn-Hilliard equation with inertial term

We consider a differential model describing nonisothermal fast phase separation processes taking place in a three-dimensional bounded domain. This model consists of a viscous Cahn-Hilliard equation characterized by the presence of an inertial term χtt, χ being the order parameter, which is linearly coupled with an evolution equation for the (relative) temperature ?. The latter can be of hyperbolic type if the Cattaneo-Maxwell heat conduction law is assumed. The state variables and the chemical potential are subject to the homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. We first provide conditions which ensure the well-posedness of the initial and boundary value problem. Then, we prove that the corresponding dynamical system is dissipative and possesses a global attractor. Moreover, assuming that the nonlinear potential is real analytic, we establish that each trajectory converges to a single steady state by using a suitable version of the ?ojasiewicz-Simon inequality. We also obtain an estimate of the decay rate to equilibrium.     

On the geometry of the characteristic vector of an lcQS-manifold

We study conditions under which the characteristic vector of a normal lcQS-manifold is a torsion-forming or even a concircular vector field. We prove that the following assertions are equivalent:

• An lcQS-structure is normal, and its characteristic vector is a torsion-forming vector field.
• An lcQS-structure is normal, and its characteristic vector is a concircular vector field.
• An lcQS-structure is locally conformally cosymplectic and has a closed contact form.

     

Unconditional convergence of DIRK schemes applied to dissipative evolution equations

In this paper we prove the convergence of algebraically stable DIRK schemes applied to dissipative evolution equations on Hilbert spaces. The convergence analysis is unconditional as we do not impose any restrictions on the initial value or assume any extra regularity of the solution. The analysis is based on the observation that the schemes are linear combinations of the Yosida approximation, which enables the usage of an abstract approximation result for dissipative maps. The analysis is also extended to the case where the dissipative vector field is perturbed by a locally Lipschitz continuous map. The efficiency and robustness of these schemes are finally illustrated by applying them to a nonlinear diffusion equation.     

Statistical simulation based on right skewed distributions

Statistical simulations in medical and biological research are usually conducted with normal random numbers. However, in many cases, the distributions of real data in medical fields are usually right skewed. The conclusions led by simulations with the misspecified model might be misleading because of a gap between real data’s distribution and theoretical one. In this paper, we provide the simulation procedure for right skewed data based on reparameterized, easily interpretable parameters of the Box–Cox transformation model which includes multivariate distributions and regression models. We also show that the provided procedure is widely applicable to real world based on laboratory data, and then we provide parameter vector sets obtained by reparameterized parameter estimates that would cover almost all situations in which the distributions of data were right skewed and unimodal.     

Real hypersurfaces foliated by totally real totally geodesic submanifolds

We bridge between submanifold geometry and curve theory. In the first half of this paper we classify real hypersurfaces in a complex projective plane and a complex hyperbolic plane all of whose integral curves γ of the characteristic vector field are totally real circles of the same curvature which is independent of the choice of γ in these planes. In the latter half, we construct real hypersurfaces which are foliated by totally real (Lagrangian) totally geodesic submanifolds in a complex hyperbolic plane, which provide one of the examples obtained in the classification.     

A representation formula for transition probability densities of diffusions and applications

We establish a representation formula for the transition probability density of a diffusion perturbed by a vector field, which takes a form of Cameron–Martin's formula for pinned diffusions. As an application, by carefully estimating the mixed moments of a Gaussian process, we deduce explicit, strong lower and upper estimates for the transition probability function of Brownian motion with drift of linear growth.     

The tame dimension vectors for stars

We consider representations of stars over an algebraically closed field K. We classify those dimension vectors of stars admitting a one parameter family of indecomposable representations and for which, in addition, all families of (not necessarily indecomposable) representations depend on a single parameter. Furthermore, we show how it is possible to construct the corresponding one parameter families of indecomposable representations.