机载激光诱导荧光遥感系统相关参数的讨论

以文献[1]所设计的机载激光诱导荧光遥感成像系统为例,简要地分析了该遥感系统的荧光参数、信噪比、飞机飞行参数与系统性能的关系。探测器接收到的荧光强度和信噪比除了与激光器发射的功率、被激发物质的荧光量子效率、密度、浓度和探测器的量子效率等成正比外,还受遥感系统的仪器结构、探测器的灵敏度、荧光寿命、阳光的反射,以及大气散射等因素的影响。给出了遥感系统的空间分辨率与飞机飞行高度和速度、激光扫描频率和脉冲发射频率之间的关系。分析结果对实际研制机载激光荧光遥感系统有重要的参考价值。     

机载激光3D探测成像系统的关键技术

介绍了机载激光3D探测成像系统的应用领域和国内外发展现状,概括了小型无人机载激光3D成像检测系统(JIGSAW)、机载激光测深系统(LADS)、直升机3D-LZ Imaging LADAR及机载对地高分辨详查系统的基本组成、技术指标以及各自的特点。阐述了激光3D成像系统的工作原理与扫描方式的分类,并重点对其单元核心技术即激光测距系统、激光光轴控制与指向测量系统、数据图像处理技术与显示系统进行了研究。最后,简单综述了机载激光3D探测成像系统的发展前景。     

机载激光3D探测成像系统的关键技术

介绍了机载激光3D探测成像系统的应用领域和国内外发展现状,概括了小型无人机载激光3D成像检测系统（JIGSAW）、机载激光测深系统（LADS）、直升机3D-LZ Imaging LADAR及机载对地高分辨详查系统的基本组成、技术指标以及各自的特点。阐述了激光3D成像系统的工作原理与扫描方式的分类,并重点对其单元核心技术即激光测距系统、激光光轴控制与指向测量系统、数据图像处理技术与显示系统进行了研究。最后,简单综述了机载激光3D探测成像系统的发展前景。     

机载激光3D探测成像系统的发展现状

机载激光3D探测成像是通过激光主动成像产生目标的角-角-距、角-角-速度3D图像的一种新的探测成像技术。本文重点阐述了机载激光3D探测成像系统的原理、功能和系统的组成。介绍了该系统在军事和民用两大领域的应用,详细地讨论了近几年机载激光3D探测成像技术的国内外发展现状及动态,总结了该项技术的发展方向。认为国外的机载激光3D探测系统正向远距离、高分辨率、轻量化、低功耗、高实时性和人眼安全方向发展,而目前国内的相关研究仍处于实验室阶段,与国外相比还存在一定差距。文章最后以用户需求为例,从设计的角度对机载激光3D探测成像系统进行了分析,讨论了该系统在测距机制、扫描机构、探测器、数据处理和显示等方面的处理。     

机载激光3D探测成像系统的发展现状

机载激光3D探测成像是通过激光主动成像产生目标的角-角-距、角-角-速度3D图像的一种新的探测成像技术.本文重点阐述了机载激光3D探测成像系统的原理、功能和系统的组成.介绍了该系统在军事和民用两大领域的应用,详细地讨论了近几年机载激光3D探测成像技术的国内外发展现状及动态,总结了该项技术的发展方向.认为国外的机载激光3...     

机载轻小型高分辨率成像光谱仪光学系统设计

为了满足轻小型机载遥感平台对成像光谱仪高分辨率和小型化的要求,采用平场Schwarzschild望远系统和基于凸面光栅的Offner光谱成像系统匹配的结构形式,设计了一个工作谱段为0.4~2.5μm、相对孔径D/f=1/3、全视场2ω=7.2°的机载高分辨率成像光谱仪光学系统。分析了Schwarzschild望远系统和Offner光谱成像系统的特点和像差校正方法,利用ZEMAX光学设计软件进行了光线追迹和优化设计,给出了系统的调制传递函数曲线(MTF)和点列图,并进行了分析和评价。设计和分析结果表明,机载高分辨率成像光谱仪可以实现0.6m的空间分辨率和全谱段5nm的光谱分辨率,满足机载宽刈幅遥感成像的应用要求,光学系统结构简单紧凑,具有接近衍射极限的优良像质,易于加工和装调实现,具有较高的实际应用价值。     

高光谱分辨率紫外Offner成像光谱仪系统设计

紫外成像光谱仪是遥感探测仪器的重要组成部分之一。在机载和星载领域,遥感平台正逐步要求光谱仪在实现高分辨率的同时,其设备趋于轻量化和小型化。针对紫外成像光谱仪高光谱分辨率、轻量化、小型化等特点,研究了基于Offner结构的紫外成像光谱系统,设计了一种工作波段为250~400nm、狭缝长40mm、光谱分辨率为0.3nm的高分辨率紫外成像光谱仪,并对设计结果进行了分析与评价。结果表明,这种紫外成像光谱仪在38.5lp/mm处调制传递函数达到0.76以上,实现了接近衍射极限的优良成像质量;谱线弯曲和色畸变在像元尺寸的10%以内。另外,该结构在原Offner结构的基础上大大缩小了系统体积,实现了紫外遥感仪器小型化、轻量化的目的,且易于加工和装调,满足设计指标要求,适合机载和星载遥感应用。     

采用APD阵列的共口径激光成像光学系统设计

针对机载平台激光3D成像系统的轻小型需求,设计了采用APD阵列的共口径激光收发光学系统。在分析激光成像系统照明方式及其光学系统结构的基础上,给出了激光3D成像光学系统结构框图:激光经衍射元件实现分束照明,采用双工反射镜实现收发光路的耦合。该光学系统用于2 km以内的目标三维成像,根据激光测距方程,确定了接收光学系统的参数以获得满足信噪比的回波能量。为避免造成像素之间串扰,设计了5倍扩束比的发射光学系统。最后,采用偏振片与1/4波片相结合的方式消除杂光,降低了发射光路对接收光路的影响。设计结果表明:接收光学系统弥散斑直径小于120μm,畸变小于0.2%。该光学系统体积小、重量轻,成像质量良好,可为同类激光成像光学系统提供借鉴参考。     

成像与激光发射系统的共口径设计与实验

将成像光学系统同时用作激光发射天线的共口径设计可有效减轻卫星载荷质量和应对各种突发状况。首先根据激光通信的能量计算链路,分析了激光发射天线的设计要求,明确了激光发射天线与成像光学系统的不同;然后根据特定的成像光学系统给出了3种具有普适性的共口径设计方法,并对这3种方法的性能进行了分析和比较,给出了它们的优缺点和适用范围;最后对所设计的共口径系统进行了发射光束仿真,经过对设计系统加工、装调后进行了室内的成像、通信实验,结果显示发射激光的最小束散角可达18.2 μrad,接近系统衍射极限,出射光斑质量良好,接收到的图像与成像系统所成图像肉眼观测无失配。初步证实该共口径设计可实现光学系统的成像和通信任务要求。     

基于同心多尺度成像的机载光电系统探测能力分析

同心多尺度成像技术为突破传统光学成像中分辨率与视场之间的矛盾提供了一条有效的途径。将同心多尺度成像模式应用于机载光电探测系统,实现机载广域宽视场高分辨目标探测。综合分析了目标辐射空间分布、目标辐射传输和光学系统成像等特性,建立了表征同心多尺度成像系统的探测能力理论模型,得到了系统探测能力与组成单元透镜的口径、焦距、间距等参数之间的变化关系。并用光学设计软件Zemax设计了实际光学系统,数值模拟了空中来袭运动目标的光谱信号信噪比(SNR)响应特征。结果表明合理增加同心多尺度成像系统中的物镜焦距、减小目镜焦距、增大系统口径和降低探测信噪比阈值等能够有效提高成像系统的探测能力。     

多谱段短波红外小鼠静脉荧光观测成像研究

短波红外(short-wave infrared,SWIR)一般指900～1700 nm的光波段,是肉眼不可见的光波段,这种波段目前主流的探测器以InGaAs为主,主要用于军事、生物以及材料光谱分析等领域.短波红外荧光成像以其对生物组织光学损伤小、成像深度大、成像信噪比高、空间和时间成像分辨率高等特点,使得基于InGa...     

赤潮生物监测荧光成像系统背景光源改进

介绍了一种海洋赤潮生物监测荧光成像系统,该系统的背景光源为海洋赤潮生物监测荧光成像系统的重要组成部分,赤潮生物监测荧光成像系统背景光源选择是否合理将直接影响着藻类成像清晰度,由于各种赤潮藻含有不同的特征纹理,其纹理特征将决定是否能准确识别出藻类并对其进行分类,进而影响到对赤潮的准确预报。为了解决赤潮藻图像的清晰度等问题,作者利用自行设计的荧光成像系统,对不同成像光源的成像效果进行了分析和比较。实验证明,近红外光源可以有效地获得清晰的藻类纹理信息,使得后继的图像处理工作更加容易,从而解决了藻类图像暗黑以至于图像处理起来较为困难等问题。     

A fiber-based single-unit dual-mode optical Imaging system: Swept source optical coherence tomography and fluorescence spectroscopy

We propose a fiber optic single-unit but dual-mode optical imaging system that can provide fast cross-sectional imaging capabilities of swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and functional capabilities of fluorescence spectroscopy (FS). By adopting a fiber optic FS system into a fiber-based SS-OCT system, a compact and effective multimodal single-unit SSOCT-FS system is achieved. Here, the key element of the proposed multimodal imaging system is a specially designed fiber coupler based on double-clad fiber (DCF), which has only cladding-mode coupling capability. The DCF couplers are fabricated with home-drawn DCF by several fabrication methods; a twisting method, a side-polishing method and a fused biconical tapered (FBT) method. Experimentally, the FBT method provides rather flat cladding mode coupling efficiency over 40% in a wide wavelength range. With this specially designed DCF coupler, the OCT signal and the fluorescence signal is measured independently but with a single-unit system. The performance of the SSOCT-FS system is confirmed by measuring the cross-sectional image and the fluorescence signal of a photosensitizer chlorin e6 injected in-vivo rat tumor model.     

Synthesis,Photophysical Properties and Application of New Porphyrin Derivatives for Use in Photodynamic Therapy and Cell Imaging

New derivatives of tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin were designed, synthesized and characterized by IR, proton NMR and mass spectroscopy. The ground and excited state nature of new derivatives were examined using UV-Vis. absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime studies. The singlet oxygen quantum yield of each synthesized derivative of porphyrin was estimated for their further efficacy as potential photosensitizer in biological studies. The significant photophysical data of all synthesized derivatives was supplementary accessed to examine the cell imaging and cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines viz. MBA-MD-231 and A375. The fluorescence lifetime, fluorescence quantum yield and efficiency of singlet oxygen generation suggests alkyl amine and alkyl hydrazide linked new porphyrin photosensitizers can be useful for PDT agent in cancer treatment.     

Hybrid reflecting objectives for functional multiphoton microscopy in turbid media

Most multiphoton imaging of biological specimens is performed using microscope objectives optimized for high image quality under wide-field illumination. We present a class of objectives designed de novo without regard for these traditional constraints, driven exclusively by the needs of fast multiphoton imaging in turbid media: the delivery of femtosecond pulses without dispersion and the efficient collection of fluorescence. We model the performance of one such design optimized for a typical brain-imaging setup and show that it can greatly outperform objectives commonly used for this task.     

Experiments and analyses of a new type optical system for computed radiography

A new high-performance laser scanning system is designed. In this system, a scanning arm consisting of a pentagonal prism and a scanning object lens is used to replace the traditional Fθ lens, and a circular imaging plate transmission mechanism is specially designed in order to meet the requirement of the scanning arm. At the same time, the stimulation fluorescence can be obtained by the scanning arm. Some main factors that influence the spatial resolution and the performance of the laser scanner system are analyzed, and the analysis results are presented, which is helpful for further optimization design of the system. Experimental results indicate that the images obtained by the system have good visual effects and can meet the requirements of industrial inspection.     

Hybrid Rayleigh,Raman and two‐photon excited fluorescence spectral confocal microscopy of living cells

A hybrid fluorescence–Raman confocal microscopy platform is presented, which integrates low‐wavenumber‐resolution Raman imaging, Rayleigh scatter imaging and two‐photon fluorescence (TPE) spectral imaging, fast ‘amplitude‐only’ TPE‐fluorescence imaging and high‐spectral‐resolution Raman imaging. This multi‐dimensional fluorescence–Raman microscopy platform enables rapid imaging along the fluorescence emission and/or Rayleigh scatter dimensions. It is shown that optical contrast in these images can be used to select an area of interest prior to subsequent investigation with high spatially and spectrally resolved Raman imaging. This new microscopy platform combines the strengths of Raman ‘chemical’ imaging with light scattering microscopy and fluorescence microscopy and provides new modes of correlative light microscopy. Simultaneous acquisition of TPE hyperspectral fluorescence imaging and Raman imaging illustrates spatial relationships of fluorophores, water, lipid and protein in cells. The fluorescence–Raman microscope is demonstrated in an application to living human bone marrow stromal stem cells. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

衍射透镜补偿声光偏转器扫描飞秒激光的色散

在飞秒激光随机扫描双光子显微成像系统中使用宽带二维声光偏转器扫描飞秒激光,可以增大扫描角度至74 mrad,增大双光子显微成像范围。但宽带二维声光偏转器在大角度扫描时引入的色散较大,造成成像范围边缘的光斑严重畸变,边缘光斑直径达2.3 μm,影响边缘视场的成像质量。为了提高成像质量,设计了一种新的色散补偿方法,基于衍射透镜组成的开普勒望远系统,可以同时补偿不同扫描角度的不同色散。经过色散补偿后成像边缘的光斑直径小于1 μm,使系统获得大范围扫描成像的同时,所有扫描角度的色散都能够得到很好的补偿,在整个视场范围内光斑直径小于1 μm,实现更均匀的荧光激发,均匀成像。     

Fluorescence ghost imaging with pseudothermal light

We extend classical light ghost imaging to the area of fluorescence imaging and propose a new fluorescence imaging method. For the first time, we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that fluorescence ghost imaging can be realized with pseudothermal light. Important factors influencing the visibility and resolution of the images are discussed to improve the quality of the fluorescence ghost imaging. We hope that this work may pave the road for ghost imaging to biomedical applications.     

Simultaneous time- and spectrum-resolved multifocal multiphoton microscopy

We present a novel multifocal multiphoton microscope that is based on a sampling imaging technique using a microlens array, a prism for two-dimensionalspectral dispersion, and a specially designed streak camera to provide simultaneous time- and spectrum-resolved fluorescence microscopy. We split the near-infrared light of a mode-locked titanium:sapphire femtosecond laser into an array of beams that are transformed into an array of high-aperture foci at the sample. A time- and spectrum-resolved image of 3×3 foci on the sample can be obtained with a snapshot. By translating the sample stage laterally and axially and implementing a dedicated image reconstruction algorithm in the control system of the instrument, we demonstrate the acquisition of a five-dimensional data set combining lifetime and spectral resolutions in biological fluorescence imaging. PACS 87.64.-t; 87.64.Vv; 42.62.Be