三环非均匀混合偏振同轴矢量光束的聚焦特性

基于Richards-Wolf矢量衍射积分公式,数值分析了同轴三环非均匀混合偏振矢量光束经过高数值孔径透镜的聚焦特性。该矢量光束由同轴三环局域线偏振矢量光束通过一个相位延迟角为δ的液晶相位延迟器产生,光束偏振变为包含线偏振、圆偏振和椭圆偏振的混合态。同轴三环局域线偏振矢量光束的偏振分布是由径向向内偏振的外环光束、径向向外偏振的内环光束和线偏振方向与径向方向夹角为φ2的中环光束构成。数值模拟结果显示该混合偏振矢量光束的聚焦强度分布与参数φ2和相位延迟角δ密切相关,当选取适当的φ2和δ时,在焦平面附近产生沿光轴方向的三维多点光俘获结构——暗光链,这在光学微操纵领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

聚焦径向调制Bessel-Gaussian光束实现亚波长尺寸纵向偏振光束

亚波长尺寸纵向偏振光束在粒子加速,单个分子偶极矩测量,二次谐波成像和纵向偏振共焦显微镜等方面有非常广泛的应用.本文提出径向调制的Bessel-Gaussian光束模型,经高数值孔径显微物镜聚焦可以获得高纯度的纵向偏振光束.利用矢量衍射理论数值模拟了焦点附近光强分布、磁场分布和能流密度空间分布.结果表明光斑半高全宽度可以达到0.4λ.该方法无需环形孔径或环形相位滤波器,光能利用率高,分辨率好,达到改进各种应用的效果. 关键词： Bessel-Gaussian光束 纵向偏振光束 聚焦 亚波长     

4π聚焦系统中衍射光学元件对聚焦场多光球结构的影响

主要研究了调制入射光场的衍射光学元件(DOE)对聚焦场的影响.以贝塞尔高斯光束为例,利用Richards-Wolf矢量衍射积分理论,分析几种不同DOE结构调制的径向偏振光束的4 π聚焦场.数值模拟结果表明径向偏振光束经DOE调制后的4π聚焦,在焦平面附近形成了具有潜在应用价值的多光球结构,并且发现形成的光球的个数与DOE的环数有关,而DOE的透射函数对其影响较小,且所形成光球的个数会随着DOE结构环数的增加而增加.     

环形光束的非线性传输及聚焦特性研究

针对用于产生光镊的环形光束,利用分步傅里叶-贝塞尔变换算法,对二维环形超高斯光束的非线性传输及聚焦过程进行了数值模拟,给出了环形光束聚焦场附近的光强分布,并分析了非线性调制对聚焦性质(包括焦面中心光强、焦面光强的横向分布、轴上光强和光束质量)的影响.研究表明,从聚焦角度来看,非线性调制中的位相调制比振幅调制对环形光束聚焦性质的影响程度要大;从非线性传输角度来看,随着非线性介质长度的增加,位相调制和振幅调制对环形光束聚焦性质各有不同程度的加剧,其中非线性作用对振幅调制的影响要比位相调制明显.     

离轴高斯涡旋光束的深聚焦特性

基于德拜矢量衍射积分理论,对离轴高斯涡旋光束经过大数值孔径透镜后聚焦场的特性进行了研究,获得了离轴高斯涡旋光束深聚焦后复振幅分布函数,在此基础上对离轴高斯涡旋光束深聚焦场的光强和相位分别进行了分析.数值模拟结果表明:离轴距离的改变对高斯涡旋光束在焦平面上的光强分布和相位分布会产生影响,离轴距离的增加会加剧聚焦场光强在y轴方向上分布的差异,而离轴距离的符号决定了光强集中区域的方向.另一方面,与一阶离轴涡旋光束不同,高阶离轴涡旋光束经过深聚焦后会发生暗核分裂现象,出现多个相位奇点,奇点个数等于原始光束对应的拓扑荷数,且分裂后的奇点具有明显的对称性.研究表明,这种暗核分裂现象由大数值孔径透镜深聚焦引起.     

高数值孔径聚焦三维光链的研究

通过设计衍射光学元件对入射矢量光进行调制，在高数值孔径聚焦系统焦点附近产生沿光轴方向的三维多点光俘获结构——光链.并针对不同的入射矢量偏振、聚焦透镜的数值孔径以及衍射光学元件结构，对光链性能的影响分别进行了系统的分析，实现对该独特光俘获结构的可控性研究. 关键词： 衍射光学元件 矢量光 光镊     

非均匀螺旋相位调制下对称破缺角向偏振光束的聚焦特性

提出了一种多参量调控角向偏振光束焦场强度和横向能流的方法.基于矢量衍射积分理论,数值模拟了非均匀螺旋相位和旋转对称振幅挡板调制下角向偏振光束的聚焦特性,讨论了螺旋相位结构和对称振幅挡板联合调制下,角向偏振光束焦场横向能流和偏振态的分布.结果表明:非均匀螺旋相位的引入改变了光场的聚焦特性,导致聚焦场重心产生了偏移;在偶数重旋转对称振幅挡板的联合调制下,焦场中出现了局部的椭圆偏振态和圆偏振态,且焦平面上出现了横向能流;通过调节螺旋相位,不仅可以实现焦场重心的特殊控制,还能进一步丰富焦场偏振态和横向能流分布.这种基于多参量调控焦场强度和能流分布的方法为实现操控特定区域的粒子提供了新的思路.     

截断部分相干厄米-高斯光束的广义M2G因子

基于广义截断二阶矩法,推导出了截断部分相干厄米-高斯(H-G)光束的广义M²_G因子的解析表达式. 截断完全相干H-G光束、截断高斯谢尔模型(GSM)光束以及截断高斯光束可以做为本文结果的特例给出. 研究表明:截断部分相干H-G光束的广义M²_G因子与截断参数δ,模阶数m以及相干参数α有关. 当δ非常小时,M^{2关键词： 截断部分相干厄米高斯光束 M2_G因子')" href="#">广义M2_G因子 广义截断二阶矩法}     

光伏暗孤子和灰孤子的自偏转

分别用数值法和微扰法研究了考虑背景光时光伏暗空间孤子的自偏转特性.与亮孤子不同，暗孤子光束中心的运动轨迹不为抛物线.在归一化的直角坐标系(ξ,ζ)中，暗孤子朝ξ>0的方向偏转；同时，暗孤子光束中心光强发生改变.通过调节晶体对信号光和背景光的有效光伏系数之比r或信号光光强可以控制它的自偏转.还用数值方法研究了灰空间孤子的自偏转特性，发现灰孤子光束自偏转特性依赖于横向初速度v.当v>0时，灰孤子光束朝ξ>0的方向 关键词： 光伏空间暗孤子 光伏空间灰孤子 扩散效应 自偏转     

激光通过不同厚度的强散射介质的聚焦

通常情况下,激光光束经过散射介质后会产生无序的散斑。基于波前相位调制技术,利用连续序列算法结合四步相移法对入射激光的波面进行相位调制,使其通过散射介质在目标位置处形成聚焦。实验着重研究激光经过不同厚度的强散射片样品的聚焦,讨论散射介质的厚度与聚焦点光强增长因子的关系。实验结果表明,透过的散射介质越厚,聚焦光斑尺寸越小,目标位置处聚焦点的光强增长因子也越小。     

4Pi focusing of spatially modulated radially polarized vortex beams

We propose a method for generating focal beams with special intensity distributions using radially polarized vortex beams in a 4Pi configuration. A spherical dark-hollow beam and hollow beam array can be obtained by vortex beams with topological charge of m=1. A dark channel can be generated using vortex beams with topological charge of m=2. The length of the well-defined hollow beam array and the dark channel is about 30λ. These interesting beams are useful in optical trapping and manipulation.     

二项-负二项组合光场态的光子统计性质及其在量子扩散通道中的生成

在组合二项-负二项分布的基础上, 提出了二项-负二项组合光场态, 这种态能在Fock态历经量子扩散通道的过程中实现. 导出了此光场的二阶相干度公式, g⁽²⁾(t) =2-((m²+m)/(m+κt²)), 发现随着时间的推移光场从非经典Fock态变为经典态, 光子数m 经扩散通道后变成了 m+κt, κ是扩散常数, 相应的光子统计从亚泊松分布历经泊松分布再变成混沌光; 初始Fock态的光子数越多, 则扩散所需的时间越长.     

定量核磁共振氢谱测定新药替格瑞洛

本文建立了基于核磁共振氢谱（¹H NMR）测定新药替格瑞洛绝对含量的方法.采用Bruker Avance 300型NMR谱仪,以磺胺多辛为内标;以替格瑞洛中质子信号δ_H 7.14（2H,m）和δ_H 7.04（1H,s）,磺胺多辛质子信号δ_H 8.04（1H,s）、δ_H 7.73（2H,d）和δ_H 6.54（2H,d）作为定量峰;以氘代甲醇（CD₃OD）为溶剂进行测定.测定条件为：探头温度为308 K,谱宽为3 511.5 Hz,中心频率为1 470.6 Hz,脉冲翻转角为θ=30°,延迟时间为10 s,采样次数为16,线宽因子为0.3 Hz.在此实验条件下,替格瑞洛样品与内标磺胺多辛的定量峰分离良好,实验结果精密度较高、重复性较好、线性范围较宽,其线性拟合方程为：Y=1.053X-0.081（r=0.996,n=5）.最终测得样品中替格瑞洛含量为99.4%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.20%.该方法简便、准确、快速,适用于替格瑞洛样品的绝对含量测定.     

Phase-field modeling of faceted growth in solidification of alloys

A regularization of the surface tension anisotropic function used in vapor-liquid-solid nanowire growth was introduced into the quantitative phase-field model to simulate the faceted growth in solidification of alloys. Predicted results show that the value of δ can only affect the region near the tip, and the convergence with respect to δ can be achieved with the decrease of δ near the tip. It can be found that the steady growth velocity is not a monotonic function of the cusp amplitude, and the maximum value is approximately at ε=0.8 when the supersaturation is fixed. Moreover, the growth velocity is an increasing function of supersaturation with the morphological transition from facet to dendrite.     

Dynamical properties of the Haldane chain with bond disorder

By using Lanczos exact diagonalization and quantum Monte Carlo combined with stochastic analytic continuation, we study the dynamical properties of the S = 1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with different strengths of bond disorder. In the weak disorder region, we find weakly coupled bonds which can induce additional low-energy excitation below the one-magnon mode. As the disorder increases, the average Haldane gap closes at δ_∆ ~ 0.5 with more and more low-energy excitations coming out. After the critical disorder strength δ_c ~ 1, the system reaches a random-singlet phase with prominent sharp peak at ω = 0 and broad continuum at ω > 0 of the dynamic spin structure factor. In addition, we analyze the distribution of random spin domains and numerically find three kinds of domains hosting effective spin-1/2 quanta or spin-1 sites in between. These “spins” can form the weakly coupled longrange singlets due to quantum fluctuation which contribute to the sharp peak at ω = 0.     

色散方程的一类具任意稳定性的显格式

本文对色散方程u_r=au_xxx构造了一类中间层包含四个结点,带两个参数m和θ的三层显式差分格式。当m和θ满足一定的关系时,其稳定性条件为|γ|≤(m+1)/(4(m-1))(|m|>1),从而当取m充分接近1时,可得到任意大的稳定性条件,并且保持截断误差阶不变。数值例子验证了理论分析的结果。     

Creation of multi-frequency terahertz waves by optimized cascaded difference frequency generation

A new scheme which generates multi-frequency terahertz (THz) waves from planar waveguide by the optimized cascaded difference frequency generation (OCDFG) is proposed. A THz wave with frequency ω_T1 is generated by the OCDFG with two infrared pump waves, and simultaneously a series of cascaded optical waves with a frequency interval ω_T1 is generated. The THz wave with a frequency of M-times ω_T1 is generated by mixing the m-th-order and the (m+M)-th-order cascaded optical wave. The phase mismatch distributions of cascaded difference frequency generation (CDFG) are modulated by changing the thickness of planar waveguide step by step, thereby satisfying the phase-matching condition from first-order to high-order cascaded Stokes process step by step. As a result, the intensity of THz wave can be enhanced and modulated by controlling the cascading order of OCDFG.     

Multi-frequency focusing of microjets generated by polygonal prisms

We systematically investigate the power distribution characteristics of microjets generated by prismatic scatterers with different shapes at sub-THz region (λ = 8.57 mm). Among these prismatic scatterers, the hexagonal-type one shows better focusing feature than the others. Aiming at the hexagonal-type one, we propose a double-layer scatterer composed of a Teflon hexagonal prism as an outer layer and a semiconductor cuboid as an inner layer. Aiming at the double-layer scatterer, we further study the effects of refractive index, size, and shape of the inner cuboid on microjet's features. The study allows us to present an optimized double-layer scatterer, which has a side length λ /2 (λ) and a refractive index 2.0 (1.4) for the inner (outer) layer. We show that the optimized scatterer can produce an ultra-strong, ultra-narrow microjet with a power enhancement of ~30 and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ~0.26λ, and the microjet is just located at the output face. The microjet keeps compact within the distance range of λ from the output face. These features and effects are explained from the viewpoint of ray optics theory. According to the optimized double-layer scatterer, we further study the multi-frequency focusing features of the microjets, and find that the microjet remains good features at harmonic frequencies 2f₀ and 3f₀. In addition, we investigate the effect of an Au sphere presence in the center of the microjet on the power distribution. The results show that a spherical dark spot with a size similar to that of the Au sphere emerges in the area where the Au sphere is placed. The feature can be used to measure the size of a metallic particle.     

Tight focusing of axially symmetric polarized vortex beams

Tight focusing of axially symmetric polarized vortex beams is studied numerically based on vector diffraction theory. The mathematical expressions for the focused fields are derived. Simulation results show that the focused fields and phase distributions at focus are largely influenced by both the polarization order and topological charge of the incident beams. Moreover, focal spots with flat-topped or tightly-focused patterns can be flexibly achieved by carefully choosing the polar- ization order and the topological charge, which confirms the potential of such beams in wide applications, such as optical tweezers, laser printing, lithography, and material processing.     

粗糙界面的波导散射和非波导散射之间的关系

本文给出在小瑞利参数情况下波导中由粗糙交界面所产生的散射波强度$I_{R}=\\sum\\limits_{l, j} I_{l_{j}}^{s}$(l,j=1,2,3,…),其中I_lj^s正比于1/4倍第l(或j)号简正波在粗糙交界面上的强度以及散射系数m_lj^s。m_lj^s与平面波散射系数m_s存在下列关系$m_{s}: m_{l j}^{s}=(2 \\pi)^{2} m_{s} /\\left|V\\left(\\theta_{l}\\right) V\\left(\\theta_{j}\\right)\\right|$:其中V(θ_l)和V(θ_lj)