微波消解石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定番木瓜酱菜中铅

研究了微波消解石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定番木瓜酱菜中铅的最佳条件 ,方法简便快速 ,检出限为 0 .0 6 8mg·kg- 1(换算到样品中的最终浓度 ) ,RSD为 1.4 %～ 9.6 % ,样品加标回收率为97.7%～ 10 0 .3%。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定虾酱中铅

通过硝酸铵作为虾酱的基体改进剂,建立了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定虾酱中铅的方法。方法具有试剂用量少,操作方便等优点,在最佳测试条件下,测得铅的检出限为6mg·kg-1。应用于虾酱中铅的测定,回收率为90.2%～101.8%,结果满意。     

光度法间接测定环己基氨基磺酸钠

提出在 0 .0 3mol·L- 1磷酸介质中和 80℃的反应温度下 ,定量的溴与环己基氨基磺酸反应 2 0min后 ,比色法测余溴间接测定环己基氨基磺酸钠的新方法。在测定条件下 ,方法的线性范围为 0～ 0 .5 0mg·ml- 1,检出限为 0 .0 5mg·ml- 1,RSD小于 6 .0 % (n =6 ) ,加标回收率为 90 0 %～99.7%。用于食品添加剂甜蜜素和食品样品的测定 ,结果满意     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定食醋中砷

通过选择电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪的最佳工作条件 ,对山西的出口食醋样品经稀释后直接测定 ,分析结果满意。回收率在 99.0 %～ 10 0 .2 %之间 ,相对标准偏差≤ 2 .6%。与国标规定的方法相比 ,此法简便快速 ,砷的检出限为 0 .0 33mg·kg-1。     

高效液相色谱法检测冷冻烤鳗中恩诺沙星等药物残留

论述了高效液相色谱法检测冷冻烤鳗中恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星等合成抗菌剂残留的方法。样品以乙腈为提取剂,经脱脂、浓缩、净化,用流动相溶解。高效液相色谱荧光检测器测定。各标准曲线线性范围为0.005～1.000mg·kg-1,回收率为86.2%～92.3%,检出限分别为1,2,2μg·kg-1。     

GC/MS法测定生态纺织品中多种农药残留

采用GC/MS法测定棉、麻及织毛物等生态纺织品中农药残留。方法的测定重现性为75 % 10 0 % ,该方法对有机氯 (OCPs)检出限小于 0 .0 1mg·kg- 1,回收率在 97.8% 99.6 %之间 ,相对标准偏差在 5 .0 % 6 .0 % ;对五氯苯酚 (PCP)的检出限为 0 .0 5mg·kg- 1,回收率为 75 6 %和 86 2 % ,相对标准偏差为 5 .2 % 12 .9%。     

石墨炉平台技术测定痕量铋--钯-硝酸镁作基体改进剂

本文在文献 [1 ]的基础上 ,研究了石墨炉平台技术 (STPF)测定痕量铋时 ,使用硝酸钯 -硝酸镁作基体改进剂的效应。拟定了一个不经分离直接用于岩石矿物、土壤、环境样品和水质中测定铋的方法。方法特征量为 1 0 pg,相对标准偏差 RSD<5% ,回收率为 90 %～ 1 1 0 % ,方法简便易行。用本法对七个标准样品进行测定 ,结果满意。1　试验部分1 .1　仪器与试剂P- E 1 1 0 0 B型原子吸收分光光度计P- E HGA- 70 0型石墨炉控制器P- E AS- 70自动进样控制器硝酸 :用一级试剂经石英蒸馏器微沸蒸馏提纯铋标准溶液 :1 mg·ml-1,硝酸 (2 98)溶液。…     

消渴丸中重金属铅和砷的含量测定

样品湿法消解后用石墨炉原子吸收法测定了消渴丸中铅含量,用原子荧光法测定了砷含量.结果表明,消渴丸中重金属铅含量在0.23～0.55 mg·kg- 1之间;砷含量在0.55～1.09 mg·kg- 1之间;本法测定消渴丸中重金属铅的平均回收率为96.6%,砷的平均回收率为108.4%,说明该法可用于消渴丸中铅和砷的测定,...     

高效液相色谱法测定小麦中残留除虫脲

建立一种以高效液相色谱技术为基础的测定小麦中残留除虫脲分析方法.目标农药经乙腈提取,C18柱色谱分离,以乙腈-水(体积比为60∶40)作流动相,流速为1 mL·min-1,用紫外检测器检测,波长为254 nm,外标法定量.在0.2～20 mg·L-1范围内,除虫脲标准工作溶液的色谱峰高与质量浓度呈线性关系,相关系数为0.999 9.小麦中除虫脲的加标回收率为89.4%～90.9%,相对标准偏差为2.37%～4.15%,检出限(S/N=3)为0.02 mg·kg-1.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法及比浊法测定聚氯乙烯中氯

以无水碳酸钠为灰化固定剂,于瓷坩埚中加热将试样灰化,于高温炉中在700℃燃烧2 h,用水溶出残渣,分取部分试液用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)或浊度法测定其中氯离子.加入过量银以沉淀样品溶液中的氯离子,用FAAS法测定银以间接测定氯,或通过测定氯化银悬浮体的表观吸光度而测定氯,建立了FAAS法及比浊法测定聚氯乙烯中氯含量的方法.线性范围:FAAS法为0～140μmol·L-1,比浊法为0.4～4.8 mg·L-1.测定结果的相对标准偏差≤1.9%,加标回收率95.0%～102.5%.两种方法测定结果的相对误差小于士1.1%.     

国内光催化研究进展简述

分1975~1985, 1985~1995和1995~2012三个时期简要介绍了国内光催化研究进展, 主要侧重于光催化材料及其改性、应用和反应机理方面的研究进展, 并指出了当前光催化领域存在的一些重要问题和未来的发展趋势, 涉及到光解水、CO₂还原、环境净化和选择性有机合成等方面.     

青蒿素研究进展

青蒿素是目前治疗疟疾的特效药。本文对自青蒿素发现以来的最新研究进展进行了比较详尽的综述。内容包括: 青蒿素的发现及历史, 青蒿素的来源, 青蒿素的全合成,青蒿素的生物合成, 青蒿素衍生物以及植物组织培养生产青蒿素。     

Reactions in droplets in microfluidic channels

Fundamental and applied research in chemistry and biology benefits from opportunities provided by droplet-based microfluidic systems. These systems enable the miniaturization of reactions by compartmentalizing reactions in droplets of femoliter to microliter volumes. Compartmentalization in droplets provides rapid mixing of reagents, control of the timing of reactions on timescales from milliseconds to months, control of interfacial properties, and the ability to synthesize and transport solid reagents and products. Droplet-based microfluidics can help to enhance and accelerate chemical and biochemical screening, protein crystallization, enzymatic kinetics, and assays. Moreover, the control provided by droplets in microfluidic devices can lead to new scientific methods and insights.     

Interpretation of inorganic arsenic metabolism in humans in the light of observations made in vitro and in vivo in the rat

The toxicity of inorganic trivalent arsenic for living organisms is reduced by in vivo methylation of the element. In man, this biotransformation leads to the synthesis of monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids, which are efficiently eliminated in urine along with the unchanged form (As_i). In order to document the methylation process in humans, the kinetics of As_i, MMA and DMA elimination were studied in volunteers given a single dose of one of these three arsenicals or repeated doses of As_i. The arsenic methylation efficiency was also assessed in subjects acutely intoxicated with arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) and in patients with liver diseases. Several observations in humans can be explained by the properties of the enzymic systems involved in the methylation process which we have characterized in vitro and in vivo in rats as follows: (1) production of As_i metabolites is catalyzed by an enzymic system whose activity is highest in liver cytosol; (2) different enzymic activities, using the same methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine), lead to the production of mono- and di-methylated derivatives which are excreted in urine as MMA and DMA; (3) dimethylating activity is highly sensitive to inhibition by excess of inorganic arsenic; (4) reduced glutathione concentration in liver moderates the arsenic methylation process through several mechanisms, e.g. stimulation of the first methylation reaction leading to MMA, facilitation of As_i uptake by hepatocytes, stimulation of the biliary excretion of the element, reduction of pentavalent forms before methylation, and protection of a reducing environment in the cells necessary to maintain the activity of the enzymic systems.     

Recent Advances in Analytical Methodology for in vivo Electrochemistry in Mammals

Electrochemistry is one of the most advanced techniques for monitoring neurochemical activities in the living brain because electrochemical approaches bear the advantageous features of high spatial and temporal resolutions, which facilitate its tremendous potential in investigating the highly spatially heterogeneous brain system and the fast dynamics of neurochemical activities. On the other hand, since brain is the most complicated organ in the sense of its numerous kinds of neurochemical species, high selectivity is always required for any analytical methods that approach the brain. In this review, we will discuss various electrochemical methodologies to achieve selective detection of neurochemicals in mammalian brain and the strategies developed mainly by our group towards selective monitoring of both electrochemically active and inactive neurochemicals. At the end, we will discuss possible solutions towards brain mapping of neurochemical species and combination of neurochemical detection strategy with electrophysiology as the direction of future development of electroanalysis in living brain.     

乙基香兰素研究前景

报导了近几十年来国内外关于乙基香兰素的研究进展与动态,并简单介绍了本文作者在该方面所取得的研究成果,参考文献33篇。     

Gemini表面活性剂合成进展

系统总结了近百种Gemini表面活性剂的合成路线和方法,并且按照其结构特点分门别类地进行比较和归纳,对今后Gemini表面活性剂的合成发展方向提出了一些看法,这对促进此类新颖表面活性剂的工业化进程将具有指导意义。     

钙与人体及临床

钙是宏量元素，是人体中含量较高的元素之一，体内99％的钙构成骨骼和牙齿以及维持骨骼结构，1％的钙调节人体重要生理功能。钙的含量过高或过低都与许多疾病有关，只有保持一种平衡状态，才能使机体处于正常环境。     

Trends in education in analytical chemistry

Summary At the session of the WPAC of Fechem on education in analytical chemistry it was concluded that it is now essential to include chemometrics and basic knowledge of computers in all courses on analytical chemistry.

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Tendenzen in der analytisch-chemischen Ausbildung

Zusammenfassung Bei einer Tagung der WPAC über die Lehre auf dem Gebiet der analytischen Chemie wurde bei der Betrachtung neuer Aspekte festgestellt, daß vor allem Chemometrie und Grundkenntnisse in Computertechnik in die Ausbildung aufgenommen werden sollten.

     

AGET ATRP in the Presence of Air in Miniemulsion and in Bulk

Summary: The recently developed initiation system, activators generated by electron transfer (AGET), is used in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in the presence of a limited amount of air. Ascorbic acid and tin(II ) 2‐ethylhexanoate are used as reducing agents in miniemulsion and bulk, respectively. An excess of reducing agent consumes the oxygen present in the system and, therefore, provides a deoxygenated environment for ATRP. ATRP of butyl acrylate is successfully carried out in miniemulsion and in the presence of air. During polymerization the radical concentration remains constant. The polymerization reaches over 60% monomer conversion after 6 h, which results in polymers with a predetermined molecular weight = 14 000 g · mol⁻¹ and a low polydispersity ( = 1.23). AGET ATRP of styrene is also successful in bulk in the presence of air, as evidenced by linear semi‐logarithmic kinetics, which leads to polystyrene with an of 13 400 g · mol⁻¹ and a low polydispersity index ( = 1.14).

Appearance of miniemulsion before and after the reducing agent ascorbic acid was added (left); and GPC traces representing molecular weights during the AGET ATRP of BA in miniemulsion in the presence of air (right).