共聚焦生物芯片扫描仪中PMT电流增益的自动控制

根据共聚焦生物芯片扫描仪获得的图像,设计了计算机控制下的PMT电流增益自动控制系统.根据计算生物芯片图像的灰度分布与期望灰度分布的差异,得到期望灰度分布时PMT的期望电流增益,进而获得PMT的期望控制电压.一个12位数模转换器产生期望控制电压,自动控制PMT电流增益的调节,控制电压精度高达2 mV.实验结果表明,所设计的PMT电流增益自动控制系统可快速、准确地实现PMT电流增益调节,并具有稳定性高、抗干扰能力强的特点.     

Stabilization of perceived echo amplitudes in echolocating bats. I. Echo detection and automatic gain control in the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, and the fishing bat, Noctilio leporinus.

Previous research on echo detection in bats has suggested that the effective threshold is a function of the acoustic clutter in the experimental environment, as might be expected given the low ambient noise levels typical of such psychophysical research. This paper demonstrates that theory of signal detectability (TSD) methodology is applicable to bats and uses it to show that an important element of clutter limiting in Eptesicus fuscus and Noctilio leporinus is backward masking of phantom targets by the real echo from the loudspeakers used to generate them. This information suggests that a previous estimate of the magnitude of automatic gain control (AGC) is too high, due to variable backward masking inherent in the experimental method used. A re-examination of gain control using a masking-free method shows that it reduces auditory sensitivity by 6 to 7 dB per halving of target range, rather than 11 dB as previously thought.     

基于自寻最优模糊控制的自动频率跟踪

文章概述了在功率超中自动频率跟踪的基本原理，在分析自寻最优控制的方法和模糊控制方法的基础上，提出了一种自寻最优模糊控制方法，利用它来实现自动频跟踪，在超声吸引器上取得良好的应用效果。     

An apparatus for high precision measurements of ultrasonic wave velocity

An automatic gated-carrier pulse superposition system for high precision ultrasonic velocity measurements is described, having better stability and lower cost than previous equipment. The necessary new integrated circuitry, and the method of operation, are described in detail. The principal application is to the measurement of small changes in the velocity of MHz ultrasonic waves, such as occur when materials are subjected to stress. Results are presented confirming a detection sensitivity of 1 part in 10.     

变厚度多边形蜂窝结构的超声C扫描检测方法

为了解决变厚度多边形蜂窝结构超声波检测难和检测效率低的问题,采用了灵敏度补偿和多边形扫查路径规划相结合的超声C扫描方法进行检测。在扫查检测过程中,一是根据构件厚度变化进行灵敏度补偿,消除因厚度变化而引起的超声信号衰减对检测结果的影响;二是根据构件几何形状对此类构件进行多边形扫查路径规划,减少探头的空扫描范围,提高检测效率。试验结果表明:该检测方法能准确、高效地检出变厚度多边形蜂窝结构中的缺陷。     

CCD摄像机用于测量中存在的问题及解决方法

本文从ＣＣＤ面阵探测器的光电响应不均匀性、非线性以及摄像机内部的制式转换电路、自动增益控制（ＡＧＣ）电路和γ校正电路等方面阐述了ＣＣＤ摄像机用于能量分布测量存在的问题，并给出了相应的解决方法。同时对去除噪声的多幅积分法作了介绍。     

基于单片机的超声冲击装置频率跟踪控制和恒幅控制

对超声波冲击以提高焊接接头疲劳强度的装置进行了研究，研制出一台可用于实际冲击处理的样机。该样机以单片机为核心，采用自适应带通滤波器提取超声换能器工作的基波信号，在此基础上获得电流和电压的相位差，根据相位差用模糊控制方法来实现自动频率跟踪；通过电流控制执行机构的输出端振幅，使之恒定不变，对超声冲击处理的质量进行控制。该装置能够适应超声冲击这种负载变化十分剧烈的场合，并可实现准确的频率跟踪和保证冲击处理的质量及效率。     

新型双波长激光增益控制掺铒光纤放大器

掺铒光纤非均匀展宽引起的空间烧孔现象导致单波长激光并不能完全控制放大器增益。提出了一种新颖简单的结构，利用自由光谱范围为26．7nm的法布里－珀罗可调谐滤波器和由长周期光纤光栅制成的波长选择性可调谐的衰减器，有效地调整不同波长处的腔内损耗，可以实现不同强度的双波长激射。由两个不同波长的激光共同承担增益控制的任务，降低了控制激光引起的空间烧孔，同时双波长激射有效地抑制了信号光的弛豫振荡。     

In situ testing of brazed hydraulic pipe joints in aircraft

Brazed sleeve joints in the small diameter piping of aircraft hydraulic systems have until now been radiographed. Recently an ultrasonic method has been developed and proved which can be used in situ without halting work on the aircraft. An automatic scanning and recording system is planned for use in production aircraft     

General and effective dynamic gain spectrum control of broadband raman amplifiers with multi-wavelength pumping

An effective feedback algorithm is proposed to dynamically control the gain spectra of multi-wavelength pumped broadband Raman amplifiers. Based on Raman coupling power equations, a simple saturation factor is introduced to achieve the adjusting matrix. By using this method, efficient pump adjustment can be carried out to accomplish wide-range dynamic gain spectrum control (larger than 22 dB dynamic range) as well as automatic gain clamping even for 90 nm bandwidth, highly-saturated RAs. Moreover, this algorithm can be well applied to different fiber types as well as pumping schemes. Some useful guidelines are also demonstrated.     

Optical receiver with large-area photodiode for multilevel modulation

A large-diameter PIN photodiode (400 μm) with antireflection coating optimized for wavelength 650 nm was integrated with an automatic gain control transimpedance amplifier, linear post amplifier and 50Ω linear driver. The presented optical receiver shows a high linearity in receiving multilevel signals. A sensitivity of ?29.5dBm (BER = 10^?9) at 200 Mb/s with binary signal was achieved. By using four-level pulse amplitude modulation (4-PAM) a data rate of 400 Mb/s and a sensitivity of ?21.5 dBm (SER = 10^?9) was achieved.     

Effect of ultrasonic treatment before and after hydrothermal process on the morphologies and formation mechanism of ZnO nanorods

ZnO nanorods were fabricated by ultrasonic treatment before and after a hydrothermal process. The morphology and structure of the nanorods were individually characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that before the hydrothermal process, fore-ultrasonic treatment can directly gain ZnO nanorods which mainly experienced four conversion stages from initial bulk Zn(OH)₂, a coexisting phase of bulk Zn(OH)₂ with ZnO nanoslices, ZnO nanoslices with flower-like ZnO nanorods and finally to purely flower-like ZnO nanorods. After the hydrothermal process, the post-ultrasonic treatment mainly influences the aggregation degree of the ZnO nanorods. The formation mechanism of ultrasonic treatment on ZnO nanorods is also discussed.     

A prosthetic aid for a developing blind child.

An experimental ultrasonic sonar for use as a sensory aid with blind children is described. Novel signal processing techniques make the aid relatively simple to construct, yet allow many of its parameters to be changed in the field. In particular, the aid has two features, a variable range code and an automatic level control, which make the device very versatile in a wide variety of environments. The ultrasonic tranducers used in the aid are described in some detail.     

Review of the design of power ultrasonic generator for piezoelectric transducer

The power ultrasonic generator (PUG) is the core device of power ultrasonic technology (PUT), and its performance determines the application of this technology in biomedicine, semiconductor, aerospace, and other fields. With the high demand for sensitive and accurate dynamic response in power ultrasonic applications, the design of PUG has become a hot topic in academic and industry. However, the previous reviews cannot be used as a universal technical manual for industrial applications. There are many technical difficulties in establishing a mature production system, which hinder the large-scale application of PUG for piezoelectric transducers. To enhance the performance of the dynamic matching and power control of PUG, the studies in various PUT applications have been reviewed in this article. Initially, the demand design covering the piezoelectric transducer application and parameter requirements for ultrasonic and electrical signals is overall summarized, and these parameter requirements have been recommended as the technical indicators of developing the new PUG. Then the factors affecting the power conversion circuit design are analyzed systematically to realize the foundational performance improvement of PUG. Furthermore, advantages and limitations of key control technologies have been summarized to provide some different ideas on how to realize automatic resonance tracking and adaptive power adjustment, and to optimize the power control and dynamic matching control. Finally, several research directions of PUG in the future have been prospected.     

半导体光放大器自动增益控制的实验研究

从行波半导体光放大器（ＴＷ－ＳＬＡ）的增益特性出发。对光放大器的自动增益控制（ＡＧＣ）进行了研究，设计出一种全电子自动增益控制系统。自动增益控制系统对光放大器输出功率的波动有明显的改善作用，能够对由于工作温度，输入偏振态的变化而产生的光放大器增益变化进行自动控制，并对前级我国率的波动进行调节。     

一种基于2D-CNN的激光超声表面缺陷检测方法

激光超声表面缺陷检测的过程中,缺陷的定量表征通常依赖于操作者的判断,易受到人为因素干扰,致使检测结果不稳定。针对这一问题,提出一种基于图像识别的二维卷积神经网络（2D-CNN）的缺陷自动分类检测方法。利用有限元方法模拟激光超声检测过程,并采集超声信号数据用于训练分类模型;使用连续小变换（CWT）处理超声信号得到小波时频图,以小波时频图作为输入训练卷积神经网络（CNN）分类模型,实现对表面缺陷深度的自动分类。验证结果表明:提出的检测方法能够对不同深度的缺陷准确分类,测试的平均准确率达到97.3%;构建的CNN分类模型能够自主学习输入图像的缺陷特征并完成分类,提高了检测结果稳定性,为激光超声缺陷检测的自动化分析处理提供了新的思路。     

Development of an Automatic Gain Controller Card or Next Generation EDFAs

This paper describes a low cost automatic gain controller card that provides fast transient gain control to maintain the power of the surviving channels when the number of input channels to an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)changes rapidly.     

Novel automatic control for the optimum optical gain and phase differences in SOA-MZI wavelength converter: Theory and experiment

We have proposed, simulated, and experimentally verified the novel automatic control method and apparatus to automatically adjust and constantly maintain the optimum optical gain and phase differences in order to achieve the automatically optimized semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) wavelength converter (WC) with wide input power dynamic range (IPDR) and maximum extinction ratio (ER). Our automatic control algorithm is proposed through the results of simulation and its validity is confirmed through the experiment.     

Calculation of high frequency ultrasonic signals for shear wave insonification in solid material

The goal of the theoretical part is to simulate an automatic ultrasonic inspection with contact technique shear wave probes, where the high frequency signals are captured and used to perform a reconstruction based on the synthetic aperture focusing method "SAFT". Therefore the ultrasonic probe, the scanning path and the defects are parameters in a CAD model. The scattering behavior of the defect is calculated by the Kirchhoff approximation in its elastodynamic version. The result of the simulation--the high frequency data--and the result of the SAFT-reconstructions are compared with experimental results on a steel test block with side drilled and flat bottom holes. The model is validated by the experiment. One of the applications of the model is to identify multiple reflections.     

超声振动对于激光烧蚀铝表面温度场仿真分析

针对超声振动对于激光烧蚀铝表面温度场的影响,建立了三维数值模型,利用ANSYS软件对超声振动辅助激光烧蚀金属铝的温度场进行了数值模拟。通过对比不同激光扫描速度、超声振动频率下激光相邻两个光斑温度场随时间的变化,发现相邻光斑的温度、尺寸以及位置均发生改变。数值研究表明,随着激光扫描速度的增加,激光扫描到相同位置的最大温度降低,而且凹坑的深度逐渐变浅;由于超声振动引起的介质分子位移,当超声振动频率为15 kHz时,凹坑温度发生了明显的下降且凹坑位置在振动方向发生了错位,这有利于产生新的激光作用轨迹。