熔合反应中动力学势垒的研究

用改进的量子分子动力学模型研究了与入射能量相关的重离子熔合势垒. 随着 入射能的降低可以观察到动力学势垒的最低值, 这个最低动力学势垒与绝热势垒 非常接近；动力学势垒随着入射能的增加而升高, 最终接近于静态势垒(非绝热势垒). 基于动力学势垒的研究, 对于重离子熔合反应的额外推动(extra-push)给出了微观理解,对势垒贯穿给出了一种新的解释. 为进一步理解动力学势垒, 还研究了颈部的形成和体系的动力学形变, 分析了动力学势垒降低的原因.     

近垒熔合机制的动力学研究

通过考虑动力学中的壳效应, 对同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型做了进一步改进, 并利用改进的量子分子动力学模型对近垒熔合机制做了动力学研究. 对轻系统的熔合反应, 改进的模型能够给出与实验结果一致的熔合激发函数, 同时, 对重系统的俘获截面也能给出与实验测量值基本一致的计算结果, 尤其是对近垒或垒下区域也能作出很好的描述. 作为对模型的进一步检验, 对核--核相互作用势做了静态研究, 并与亲近势的结果做了比较.     

40, 48Ca+90, 96Zr近垒熔合反应的动力学研究

发展了一种改进的量子分子动力学模型,并用这一模型研究了40,48Ca+90,96Zr的近垒熔合反应.改进的量子分子动力学模型能很好地描述一系列核,从6Li到208Pb,的基态性质及它们的时间演化.在相同参数下计算得到的40Ca+90Zr以及40Ca+96Zr这两个熔合反应的激发函数与实验结果都符合得相当好.在分析丰中子核熔合截面增强机制中,发现丰中子核熔合反应初始阶段颈部的N/Z值明显偏大,促使反应中动态位垒降低,从而引起了丰中子核反应熔合截面的增强. An improved Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) model is proposed and the fusion reactions 40, 48Ca+90, 96Zr are studied by using this model. With our improved QMD model, the ground state properties and their time evolution of nuclei from 6Li to 208Pb can be reproduced reasonably well and the excitation functions of fusion cross section for reactions40Ca+96Zr and 40Ca+96Zr at near barrier can be reproduced remarkably well with the same set of parameters...     

亲和力对熔合反应位垒的影响

熔合反应的宏观形变位能由推广的液滴模型来确定,它包括体积能、表面能、库容能、亲和力效应、质量的不对称性和精确的核半径.在过去裂变研究中,人们假定表面能和库仑能控制着位垒的高度和宽度.表面能也只考虑表面张量力效应,并不包括颈部或刚形成的碎片的表面之间吸引核力的贡献.在推广的液滴模型中,亲和力考虑了这些附加的表面效应.在两个核的接触点,亲和能达到最大值,它的两边逐渐减少直到零.亲和能减少位垒的高度并移动位垒峰的位置,它对应于吸引的亲和力和排斥的库仑力之间平衡的两个分开碎片的位置.研究表明:对于超重核熔合过程,亲和能使得宏观形变位能有一个宽的坑(pocket),它对应于核的大形变.对于轻的核–核系统,这种现象不出现.     

重离子熔合势垒的动力学模型研究

在改进的量子分子动力学模型基础上系统地研究了超重核合成中的入射道静态势和动力学势.从入射道静态势给出了质量不对称度与静态势垒高度以及质量不对称度与接触点驱动势的关系.动力学势垒高度是能量依赖的,随着入射能量的增加而增加,最终趋近于密度冻结势垒高度;动力学势垒高度随着入射能量的降低而降低,它的最低值接近于绝热势垒高度.在冷熔合反应中,动力学势垒的最低值所对应的入射能量可能是合成超重元素最佳入射能的选择     

极深垒下熔合反应中扩散过程的研究

基于弹核和靶核接触后的泡利阻塞效应,引入了一个新的扩散因子来描述在极深垒下能区熔合反应中的阻碍现象。在本工作中,熔合截面假定由两部分的乘积构成:克服库仑势垒的隧穿因子和两个反应核接触后的扩散因子。前者可以由耦合道方法来描述,后者则由入射的能量和系统的温度决定。对存在阻碍现象的21个熔合体系进行了详细分析,发现扩散因子在熔合阻碍的实验阈值能量附近起到了重要的作用。此外,以负Q值熔合体系64Ni+64Ni和正Q值熔合体系24Mg+30Si为例,发现熔合截面以及两个重要表象(天体S因子和对数导数)的计算结果与实验数据具有较好的一致性。     

12C+13C在库仑位垒以下能区的熔合截面测量

深垒下能区的12C+13C熔合截面测量对检验天体中熔合反应外推模型具有很重要的意义。目前在库仑位垒以下能区存在的各种测量结果,都利用了统计模型来修正得到熔合截面,但对于这些方法间的系统误差仍没有很好地研究。实验采用离线活度测量的方法,在E_c.m.=4.4～5.8 MeV能区内对12C+13C熔合截面进行测量。经Hauser-Feshbach统计模型对分支比的修正后,熔合总截面由24Na活度推导出。通过本实验数据与其它实验方法获得的数据进行比较,确定了统计模型的系统误差为14%。The study of fusion reactions of 12C+13C at the deep sub-barrier energies is very important for the test of predictive power of the extrapolation models for nuclear reactions for astrophysics. Until now, all the measurements below Coulomb barrier energies have to use the statistical model calculations to estimate the branching ratios to deduce the total fusion cross sections. However, the systematic uncertainty induced by the calculated corrections has not been studied well. In this experiment, the fusion cross sections of 12C+13C have been measured using an offline activity measurement in the range of E_c.m.=4.4 to 5.8 MeV. The total fusion cross sections have been deduced from the 24Na activities after correcting the branching ratios estimated with the Hauser-Feshbach statistical model. Through the comparison between our result and other data obtained with other methods, the systematic uncertainty of statistical model has been determined to be 14%.     

重离子碰撞中熔合位垒的研究

熔合位垒的研究对熔合反应以及超重核合成有重要的意义。在改进的同位旋相关的量子分子动力学(ImIQMD)模型框架下,提取了熔合反应体系40Ca+40Ca,48Ca+208Pb,48Ca+204Pb和16O+154Sm的熔合位垒。研究了壳修正能对熔合位垒的影响、动力学位垒的能量依赖性、同位旋效应以及形变核的方向效应。计算发现壳修正能降低了熔合反应的位垒。在研究动力学位垒的能量依赖性时,发现位垒高度和位垒半径表现出相反的能量依赖行为。在动力学反应中,当两个核距离接近时,缺中子体系的库仑势同样表现出一定的能量依赖性。对于丰中子体系,由于中子屏蔽作用,库仑势基本没有能量依赖性。     

重离子位垒下熔合——多维位垒透射及动力学过程的研究

前言入射能量接近和低于库仑位垒能区的重离子熔合反应是当前重离子反应研究中一个十分活跃的前沿领域。实验和理论的探索已经证实并描述了高于位垒的低能区重离子(轻核到中重核)反应主要经历的全熔合反应机制。两个硬球在一维(径向距离)库仑+核势相互作用下碰撞、并越过熔合位垒熔合的图像给出了对于垒上低能区全熔合截面的相当好的拟合。然而,相当简化的一维位垒模型的成功是由于垒上低能区全熔合截面一般说来并不灵敏于其它自由度。     

轻系统多重碎裂的同位旋效应

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型,对⁴⁰Ca+⁴⁰Ca和⁴⁰Ar+⁴⁰Ar系统在不同入射能量时,同位旋效应对多重碎裂的影响进行了讨论.低能区的多重碎裂由于多种同位旋相关的因素相互抵消,因此多重碎裂的同位旋效应不明显.随着能量的增加,同位旋相关的截面造成多重碎裂的明显差别.     

核物质对称能和重离子碰撞中径向流阈能的同位旋效应

基于同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型，采用三种不同形式的对称势，研究了¹²⁴Sn+¹²⁴Sn和¹²⁴Ba+¹²⁴Ba对心碰撞时在三种不同对称势下的径向膨胀流，发现径向膨胀流阈能与所采用的对称能形式密切相关，表现出明显同位旋效应，预示着径向膨胀流阈能的同位旋相关性可作为对称能的灵敏探针. 关键词： 径向膨胀流阈能 同位旋效应 重离子碰撞 同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型     

原子核多重碎裂中同位旋相分比的产生机理研究

利用非对称核物质状态方程及同位旋相关的量子分子动力学(IQMD)模型对中能重离子碰撞中的同位旋相分比(isospinfractionation)现象进行了研究.给出了同位旋相分比现象的一种静态解释.并详细分析了各种动力学因素对同位旋相分比的影响.同时,也讨论了同位旋相分比的同位旋效应 关键词： 同位旋相分比 非对称核物质状态方程 同位旋相关的量子分子动力学     

有限核多重碎裂的同位旋效应和临界现象的分析

利用非对称核物质状态方程及同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型对有限核112Sn和132Sn在不同温度下多重碎裂的同位旋效应进行了研究，发现随着温度的升高同位旋效应逐渐消失，并给出了在一定温度下不同密度对产生中等质量碎片的影响. 通过碎片的关联分析,对中高能重离子碰撞中的临界现象做了初步研究.     

Nuclear dynamical octupole deformation in heavy-ion reactions

Within the quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) model, the dynamical octupole deformation is studied as a function of the central distance between the projectile and target in the approaching process of heavy-ion fusion reactions. The dependence of the maximum dynamical octupole deformations on the incident energies is also investigated. The dynamical octupole deformations can be observed during the approaching process, and the maximum dynamical octupole deformations become more significant with decreasing incident energies. The distributions of the proton and neutron centers in the projectile and target are also investigated, respectively. In the approaching process of heavy-ion fusion reactions, the separation between proton centers for two nuclei is larger than that between neutron centers because of the strong Coulomb potential.     

基于ImIQMD模型对近垒重系统准裂变反应的研究

利用改进的同位旋相关的量子分子动力学(ImIQMD)模型程序,对能量在库仑位垒附近的48Ca+208Pb反应系统进行了模拟。 计算得到的俘获截面、 准裂变截面和碎片分布及其发生的时间分布等结果与实验数据符合较好。 同时还得到了准裂变过程中发射第三个较大碎片的截面, 并简单讨论了它们的发射机制。Based on the improved isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics (ImIQMD) model,the reaction of 48Ca+208Pb at energies near the Coulomb barrier was investigated systematically. The capture cross section,the quasi fission cross section, the mass distribution of the quasi fission fragments and the time for quasi fission happened were obtained. According to the comparison with experimental data,the calculated capture cross sections and the fragment distributions of the quasi fission were reasonable. Additionally,we got the cross sections of the third largest fragment,and the emission mechanism was also discussed briefly.     

Classical and Quantum Algebraic Screening in a Coulomb Plasma near a Wall: A Solvable Model

The static position correlation in a quantum Coulomb plasma near a wall is studied by means of a model where two quantum charges are embedded in a classical plasma at equilibrium. Three kinds of walls are considered: a wall without electrostatic properties, a dielectric, and an ideal conductor. At large separations y along the wall, the correlation exactly decays as 1/y ³, though no algebraic tail exists for classical charges near an ideal conductor. This tail originates from thermal statistical and purely quantum fluctuations of polarization clouds which are deformed by the geometric constraint due to the wall and by the charges induced by influence inside a wall with electrical properties. The coefficient of the 1/y ³ tail can be calculated explicitly in a weak-coupling and low-delocalization regime. Then classical, diffraction, and purely quantum contributions are disentangled.     

Isospin effect of the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section in excited nuclear reactions

Using relativistic mean field theory, the neutron and the proton density distribution of 56Ni nuclei could be obtained in the ground state and the excited state. Based on the framework of the quantum molecular dynamics model, the 56Ni nuclei have been simulated in ground state and in the neutron or proton excited state. We then used the three different states of 56Ni to collide with the 56Ni in the ground state. To discuss the evolution of the nuclear stopping in different reactions, two kinds of different excited nuclear reactions were studied at different reaction energies and at different impact parameters. Studies have shown that the nuclear stopping of an excited nuclear reaction is sensitive to the isospin-dependent in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section, compared with the response value of the ground state nuclear reaction. So, it is better for the excited nuclei to extract the isospin dependence of nucleon-nucleon cross section information.