基于布里渊散射的结构应力光纤测试技术研究

本文通过分析一定功率的脉冲光射入光纤中的布里渊散射规律,介绍了分布式光纤测量测量轴向应力的基本原理。制作实验装置,测量单独的应变模型,分析散射回来的波形图,初步了解应力在光纤布里渊散射波谱上的图像特征。将应力作用于光纤的不同位置,对比它们与无应力作用诗所得到的散射波形之间的图像差异,研究其对光脉冲在光纤传输过程中的影响规律。结果表明,应力的作用大小,作用位置的不同都会对脉冲光的传播造成影响,主要在于影响布里渊散射的斯托克斯光和反斯托克斯光。本次研究所得可以为分布式光纤测量提供参考,为分布式光纤在测量微型形变的应用中有一定的促进作用。本次研究的创新点在于使用滑轮的方法,解决同等应力在分布光纤的不同位置作用效果。     

Experimental research on distributed fiber sensor for sliding damage monitoring

A distributed optical fiber sensor (DOFS) with the principle of microbend loss has been developed for concrete or rock-sliding damage measurement. The combination of multiple microbend sensors can form a sensor array for distributed sensing application in monitoring local slippage or deformation along the rock mass of the high slope, and the optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) can be conveniently used for interrogation of each sensor point. The sensor sensitivity can be obtained at a specific range according to the requirement of the model test condition. Connected with multiplexed sensing processing schemes, its sliding range of dynamic sensing response reached 0–3.6 mm and semi-empirical formula was fitted according to data from model tests. The DOFS array may find a potential application in real-time monitoring and damage detection of large and critical slope engineering structures.     

Phase-detected Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry

Optical Review - Optical fiber sensing techniques based on Brillouin scattering have been extensively studied for structural health monitoring owing to their capability of distributed strain and...     

Tunable optical-path correlator for distributed strain or temperature-sensing application

Based on a cavity-length tunable fiber-loop resonator, a multibeam optical path difference is generated. It can be used to match and correlate the reflective signals from the partial reflective ends of each sensing fiber gauge. The correlation signals correspond to the sensing gauge lengths, and the shift of the correlation peak is related with the fiber sensing gauge elongation caused by strain or temperature. Therefore, it can be used to measure distributed strain or deformation for smart structural monitoring.     

植入碳纤维蜂窝夹芯结构的光纤光栅热载荷响应光谱研究

针对航天领域复合材料结构在空间服役环境的热响应监测需求,研究了一种热载荷作用下基于光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)反射光谱特征分析的碳纤维蜂窝夹芯结构监测方法。将光纤Bragg光栅传感器分别植入碳纤维蜂窝夹芯结构的不同铺层,通过监测不同热载荷下各铺层位置的光纤光栅反射光谱,得到碳纤维蜂窝夹芯结构相关铺层位置热应变特征。研究表明,碳纤维蜂窝夹芯结构不同材料铺层的热应变特征存在一定差异。植入外蒙皮表面与玻璃布之间的光纤光栅反射光谱随着温度升高,中心波长向长波方向漂移,且波形未出现明显改变。埋植于外蒙皮第二、三层碳纤维织物预浸料之间的光栅反射光谱随着温度降低逐渐出现旁瓣、多峰等啁啾效应,其主峰与右侧次峰中心波长均向短波方向逐渐漂移,主峰峰值幅度变化较小,温度灵敏度约为5.56×10-3 dBm·℃-1,而右侧次峰幅度显著增大,温度灵敏度约为40.32×10-3 dBm·℃-1;埋植于内蒙皮和蜂窝芯子之间的光栅反射光谱随着温度降低,其半波峰带宽逐渐增大,变化率约为3.19 pm·℃-1,且出现显著多峰趋势,这是由于层间热应力分布不均匀所形成。在-70~+60 ℃温度范围,各植入层热应变均随温度升高而增大,且变化趋势相接近,而在+60~+120 ℃温度范围内,各植入层热应变变化趋势呈现显著差异。这些特性能够为后继空间环境复合材料航天器结构状态在轨监测提供有益帮助。     

相位敏感型光时域反射传感系统光学背景噪声的产生机理及其抑制方法

相位敏感型光时域反射(Φ-OTDR)传感系统具有响应速度快、灵敏度高等优点,能够实现对微弱扰动的分布式检测,在重大设施的入侵警戒、大型工程结构的健康监测等领域具有广阔应用前景.然而,与传统的OTDR传感系统不同,Φ-OTDR系统中存在着激光器中心频率漂移、偏振相关的噪声、光纤应变与干涉强度非线性对应关系引起的测量失真等光学背景噪声,对有效信号的提取形成了不可忽视的干扰,从而限制了Φ-OTDR传感系统在实际应用环境下的传感性能.本文对这些光学背景噪声的产生机理进行了深入分析,并提出了相应的噪声抑制方法.实验结果表明,本文提出的方法可以有效抑制Φ-OTDR传感系统中的光学背景噪声,并显著提高传感系统性能.     

可用于建筑结构检测的分布式光纤形变片

本文在光时域反射计(OTDR)和光纤形变片的基础上,提出了一种分布式光纤传感器-分布式光纤形变片.该检测方法属于OTDR的损耗调制法,即通过测量粘贴于光纤形变片上的光纤弯曲损耗来获取测量点的应变量或位移量.作者分别在微位移架和悬臂梁进行了位移检测和应变检测,结果表明该分布式光纤形变片提供了一种可检测应变量与位移量的检测方法.值得注意的是,该分布式光纤形变片的传感网络采用时分复用的总线拓扑,能在一根光纤上同时检测多个检测点的变化.     

可用于建筑结构检测的分布式光纤形变片

本文在光时域反射计（OTDR）和光纤形片的基础上,提出了一种分布式光纤传感器－分布式光纤形变片,该检测方法属于OTDR的损耗调制法,即通过测量粘贴于光纤形变片上的光纤弯曲损耗来获取测量点的应变量或位移量,作者分别在微位移架和悬臂梁进行了位移检测和应变检测,结果表明该分布式光纤形变片提供了一种可检测应变量与位移量的检测方法,值得注意的是,该分布式光纤形变片的传感网络采用时分复用的总线拓扑,能在一根光纤上同时检测多个检测点的变化。     

基于分布式光纤传感阵列的管网泄漏监测系统研究

复杂液压管网的泄漏检测是液压系统面临的难点之一.采用LabVIEW与FoxPro数据库结合的方法,开发了阵列式光纤传感管网泄漏监测系统软件.该软件控制NI公司数据采集卡PXI-6133采集经调制后的光纤传感器干涉信号,再对获得的信号进行降噪处理,根据降噪后的波形是否出现零点频率判断管道是否泄漏并进行报警;该系统还可实时...     

光纤移频分布式布里渊光纤传感技术

提出了一种利用布里渊光纤环形腔移频技术实现分布式光纤布里渊传感的方法.该方法基于布里渊光时域分析法原理,将一束单纵模运转激光器输出的激光分为两束|一束光入射布里渊光纤环形腔中产生窄线宽的受激布里渊散射光作为斯托克斯光,另一束光经过低频相位调制后作为泵浦光|斯托克斯光和泵浦光分别相向入射进入传感光纤,通过测量布里渊谱得到光纤温度或应变.利用该方法可将十几GHz的微波频率转化为兆赫信号频率进行探测处理,仅需一台激光器,因此系统结构简单、成本低,还可减小激光器频率波动对测量准确度的影响.实验验证了该方法的可行性.     

基于布拉格光栅的边坡监测实验研究

提出了一种基于分布式光纤光栅的边坡监测与报警系统.根据强度折减法,利用ANSYS软件分析出边坡的软弱面及滑体所在的具体位置,从而在该处安装经过特殊封装的拉线式光纤光栅位移传感器.滑体的位移通过拉线转换为作用在光栅上的应力,而光纤光栅反射波长与应变具有良好的线性关系,因此通过检测光栅反射光的中心波长的偏移量,就可以解调出...     

Dual-source distributed optical fiber sensor for simultaneous temperature and strain measurements

A dual-source distributed optical fiber sensor system with combined Raman and Brillouin scatterings is designed for simultaneous temperature and strain measurements. The optimal Raman and Brillouin signals can be separately obtained by adjusting the powers of the two sources using an optical switch. The temperature and strain can be determined by processing the optimal Raman and Brillouin signals. The experimental result shows that 1.7 ?C temperature resolution and 60-με strain resolution can be achieved at a 24.7-km distance.     

基于监测波峰绝对积分的双折射光子晶体光纤环镜轴向应变传感器研究

理论推导了双折射光纤环镜波长变化与轴向应变的公式,研究表明：双折射光子晶体光纤环镜轴向应变灵敏度比传统双折射光纤环镜大为减小。通过监测双折射光子晶体光纤环镜波长的变化,来实现轴向应变的测量就变得较为困难;且输出干涉光谱局部呈凹凸不平,波长监测容易导致数据测量误差。实验监测双折射光子晶体光纤环镜应变光谱,对应变光谱分析发现：随着应变增加,监测波峰下的绝对积分呈现减小的趋势。进一步精确计算分析发现：监测波峰下的绝对积分与应变成线性关系。基于此,提出了通过监测波峰下的绝对积分的变化,来实现轴向应变的测量。波峰下的绝对积分是表征各波长光强的综合性能指标,通过监测波峰下的绝对积分的变化,来实现轴向应变的测量,不仅可以克服双折射光子晶体光纤环镜监测波长变化的困难,而且还可以克服波长监测局部寻优导致的测量误差。     

Creep deformation measurement using quartz optical fiber

This paper describes an optical system for high temperature creep strain measurement using quartz optical fiber, super long working distance microscope and digital image processing techniques. In this system one end of the quartz optical fibers is arrayed in a small area on the specimen surface and the other end is illuminated by a laser beam. The fiber ends on the specimen surface form the spot array. The small optical spots on the specimen are tracked by a CCD camera and the images are processed by digital image processing software. The diameter of each quartz fiber is 100 μm and the fibers can be arrayed in a small area. The local strains are determined by measuring the variety of relative distance between two spots. Experimental results of local creep strain on the welding joints of 15CrMo and HK40 at 850°C are obtained.     

基于弯曲伸张结构的光纤光栅传感研究

以民用工程结构如桥梁、大坝、高层建筑的健康检测为背景, 采用光纤光栅传感器实现对结构性能的实时监测和诊断, 及时发现结构的损伤以评估结构的安全性. 提出了一种可用于光纤光栅传感的新型弯曲伸张弹性敏感结构, 可实现对压力、应变以及加速度的准确测量. 对该结构弯梁腹部处的应变进行了理论分析和实验验证, 结果表明弯梁腹部处各点的应变与该弯曲伸张结构在竖直方向上所受压力、应变以及加速度大小成线性关系. 其最大的优点是同样灵敏度下体积小, 在井下等横向尺寸受限、又要测量纵向加速度的情况下, 梁式传感结构很可能无法使用, 该新型弯曲伸张型弹性敏感结构可作为弹性元件用于光纤光栅压力、应变、称重以及加速度传感器的设计.     

一种新型光纤光栅围栏防火防入侵同步预警系统

利用布喇格光纤光栅传感器对应变和温度同时敏感的特性,根据应变和温度导致光栅中心波长变化趋势及规律的不同,在光纤光栅围栏入侵监测系统中,从信号时域、频域提取的多方位特征对周界入侵和火灾发生等威胁安全事件进行智能识别和报警.在光纤光栅围栏防入侵功能基础上,无需做任何硬件封装的改变,也无需另外增加温度敏感光缆和集成其他温度监测系统,即可同时达到火灾监测的目的,实现防火和防入侵的同步预警.处理结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

An optimized strain demodulation method based on dynamic double matched fiber Bragg grating filtering

An optimized strain demodulation method based on dynamic double matched fiber Bragg grating (FBG) filtering driven by a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Using an optimized triangular waveform to drive PZT, the nonlinear effect is eliminated, and extraction and processing of the peak signals are more convenient. Furthermore, taking advantage of double matched-FBGs and strain amplification structure to demodulate the Bragg wavelength, the wavelength scanning range can be extended to 6.3 nm, so that a large-scale and high-precision strain measurement can be achieved. The experimental results show that in the strain range of 0-3800με, the linearity of the relationship between strain and scanning time-difference is greater than 99.8%, and the stability of repeated measurements is up to 99.5%. This demodulation method can be widely applied in the FBG measurement system.     

金属基底光纤光栅应变传感器的传感特性研究

为了满足桥梁和大坝等民用建筑和航空航天飞行器等结构的健康监测与管理需要,设计并制作了两种分别用钛合金和不锈钢材料封装的光纤布拉格光栅应变传感器,并利用悬臂梁校准装置对两种传感器的应变特性进行测试。试验结果表明,钛合金封装的线性度及应变灵敏系数优于不锈钢材料封装的传感器。因此,在对结构的应变监测时,使用钛合金封装的传感器更能真实反映结构的应变变化,从而达到健康监测的目的。     

On the possible use of optical fiber Bragg gratings as strain sensors for geodynamical monitoring

Optical fiber sensors can be used to measure many different parameters including strain, temperature, pressure, displacement, electrical field, refractive index, rotation, position and vibrations. Among a variety of fiber sensors, fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) have numerous advantages over other optical fiber sensors. One of the major advantages of this type of sensors is attributed to wavelength-encoded information given by the Bragg grating. Since the wavelength is an absolute parameter, signal from FBG may be processed such that its information remains immune to power fluctuations along the optical path. This inherent characteristic makes the FBG sensors very attractive for application in harsh environments, “smart structures” and on-site measurements.This paper reviews the achievements about the FBG as a strain and temperature sensor and describes the potential applications of FBG sensors for applications in the field of geophysics and its expected development in the near future. The applications could include: rock deformation, fiber-optic geophone, optical based seismograph, vertical seismic profiling and structural monitoring of civil structures. Different techniques to detect strains and various applications will be reviewed and discussed. The problem of temperature–strain cross sensitivity, that is particularly difficult to eliminate, is addressed and approaches to overcome it are discussed.     

Full distributed fiber optical sensor for intrusion detection in application to buried pipelines

Based on the microbend effect of optical fiber, a distributed sensor for real-time continuous monitoring of intrusion in application to buried pipelines is proposed. The sensing element is a long cable with a special structure made up of an elastic polymer wire, an optical fiber, and a metal wire. The damage point is located with an embedded optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) instrument. The intrusion types can be indicated by the amplitude of output voltage. Experimental results show that the detection system can alarm adequately under abnormal load and can locate the intrusion point within 22.4 m for distance of 3.023 km.