深井软岩巷道U型钢支架壁后充填技术研究

为有效解决U型钢支架和围岩之间因为存在着空间而严重抑制着巷道支架支撑能力的发挥这一问题,基于围岩-充填体-支架的结构力学原理,研究分析了壁后充填技术及新的壁后充填材料的性能要求,并进行了充填材料的各种力学性能实验,结果表明填充材料的配比和力学性能符合充填材料的特性要求.工程应用效果表明U型钢支架壁后充填技术的效果较理想,支架受力均匀,巷道表面收敛量减少50%以上.     

节点域尺寸对H型钢局部框架极限承载力的影响

为了研究节点域尺寸对H型钢截面钢框架极限承载力的影响,以常见的梁、柱、节点域组成的十字形钢框架结构为分析对象,以柱轴压比、结构跨高比、节点域高宽比、节点域宽度与钢框架层高比等为主要研究参量,基于力学平衡准则进行分析。结果表明:考虑节点域尺寸的分析模型极限承载力比值曲线可分三类,第一类曲线的节点域形成塑性铰;第二类曲线在强柱系数Rpcb≤1.2时节点域形成塑性铰,当强柱系数Rpcb1.2时梁端形成塑性铰;第三类曲线在强柱系数Rpcb≤0.8时节点域形成塑性铰,当强柱系数Rpcb0.8时梁端形成塑性铰。H型钢局部框架模型的极限承载力比值曲线主要为第一类曲线,不考虑节点域尺寸的模型极限承载力为考虑节点域尺寸的模型极限承载力的1~5倍,按不考虑节点域尺寸计算H型钢截面钢框架的极限承载力时可能发生过大估算,从而导致结构设计的不安全。     

双相钢板料的单向拉伸断裂失效研究(Ⅰ)——数字图像相关技术试验

通过数字图像相关技术试验研究了双相钢平板单向拉伸试件的拉伸变形和断裂失效过程,与理论结果对比分析了集中性失稳带的分布和方向.试验研究结果表明,试件的变形过程包括均匀变形、分散性失稳、集中性失稳和拉断4个阶段;集中性失稳的区域呈"×"形分布,与加载方向约成57°;起裂点位于局部颈缩截面的中心点处;双相钢的延伸率为18%.     

TiNi相变悬臂梁的横向冲击特性实验研究

利用改装的霍普金森压杆装置对TiNi形状记忆合金圆截面悬臂梁进行了横向冲击实验研究,并与45#钢悬臂梁的实验结果进行了对比,目的是探索相变对结构动态响应的影响。结果表明:在同样冲击条件下,TiNi悬臂梁的吸能效率优于钢悬臂梁;发现冲击过程中,TiNi试件根部内侧可能形成局部相变铰,使阻力曲线的斜率发生变化;卸载后相变铰消失,TiNi悬臂梁试件基本回复原状,钢试件则留下显著的残余变形。TiNi悬臂梁的冲击特性受热弹性马氏体相变和逆相变的支配,不同于传统的弹塑性机制。     

空间钢构件考虑损伤累积效应的恢复力模型及试验验证

本文从损伤对钢材性能的影响出发,根据弹塑性损伤铰概念,提出了一种考虑损伤累积效应的空间钢构件非线性恢复力模型,并在这一模型的基础上建立了空间钢构件考虑损伤累积效应的弹塑性刚度矩阵。最后,把试验测得的试件位移曲线和利用模型计算的试件位移曲线进行对比。对比结果表明,试验位移曲线和计算和位移曲线吻合得较好,这说明本文瓣考虑损伤累积效应的空间钢构件非线性恢复力模型的正解性。     

含非理想空间棱柱铰的多体系统接触分析

传统的接触分析方法通过物体间的相对运动确定接触位置. 将这种方法用于多体系统中铰内的接触分析时, 无论铰内间隙是否十分微小都必须解除铰的运动学约束, 从而导致求解效率和求解精度方面的诸多弊端. 基于铰约束反力与铰内接触力之间的力系等效关系, 以及铰内可能接触点运动之间内在的运动学关系, 以矩形截面的棱柱铰为例, 提出了一种对空间棱柱铰进行摩擦接触分析的方法, 可在不解除铰的运动学约束的前提下得到铰内接触模式和接触力. 数值算例验证了方法的可行性.      

韧性材料颈缩主应力面上应变分布假定的研究

为了深入研究韧性材料主应力面的应变分布情况,讨论Bridgman关于主应力面上应变均布假定的精度．本文首先结合断口学基本理论与在室温条件下拉伸断裂的Q235钢、40Cr钢和45#钢断口电子显微镜扫描结果,从微观角度分析其韧窝分布后发现应变均布假定存在一定的误差;然后基于体积守恒和Aramis三维应变观测系统测得的试验结果,将计算值和试验值进行对比分析发现,三种材料中除含碳量较高的45#钢外,应变均布假定并不适用于分析颈缩主应力面上应变分布．本文的研究成果可为进一步研究韧性材料颈缩大塑性阶段的应力、应变本构关系提供一定的参考．     

低碳钢单轴拉伸实验颈缩段的应力分析

为了深入研究塑性材料在单轴拉伸过程中的颈缩应力分布,结合Aramis三维应变测量系统对Q235钢和Q345钢进行了单轴拉伸实验。基于已有文献的颈缩外形理论,结合实验数据提出了颈缩阶段几何尺寸的变化规律公式,并与传统经验公式进行了对比。采用本文给出的颈缩阶段几何尺寸的变化规律公式计算,Q235钢误差率为27.73%,Q345钢误差率为20.49%;采用传统经验公式计算,Q235钢误差率为64.33%,Q345钢误差率为70.78%。结果表明,本文提出的变化规律公式精确度远高于传统公式精确度。基于此,在考虑材料系数的基础上推导出了包含材料系数的半解析半经验应力分布方程。     

正交异性钢桥面板轮载横向效应的解析分析方法

在分析正交异性钢桥面板构造特点的基础上,将轮载影响范围内的桥面板简化为弹性支撑的平面框架,建立了正交异性钢桥面轮载横向效应的解析分析模型,推导了纵肋弹性支撑刚度和车轮荷载集度等效计算方法,提出了桥面板与U肋交接位置处横向弯曲应力的解析公式,讨论并明确了影响桥面板横向弯曲应力峰值的关键敏感影响因素,并以某钢箱梁为例证明了本文算法的合理性。研究发现,本文方法计算得到桥面板与U肋相交位置的横向应力值与有限元结果相差不超过10%,证实了本文算法的正确性,也为正交异性钢桥面的初步设计提供了极大的方便;正交异性钢桥面板的横向轮载应力随U肋厚度和高度增加而增大,但随顶板厚度和横隔板间距增大而减小;相对而言,顶板内横向拉应力受顶板厚度的影响最为显著,对腹板倾角和U肋腹板厚度的变化并不敏感。     

新型外包钢混凝土组合梁框架结构抗震性能的试验

为克服型钢混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架结构体系存在的缺点,提出了一种新型外包钢混凝土组合梁-型钢混凝土柱组合框架结构体系。设计制作了一榀一跨两层型钢混凝土柱-外包钢砼梁的组合框架结构模型,并通过施加恒定竖向荷载和低周反复水平荷载,对模型框架进行了抗震性能试验研究。结果表明,基于现行规范及作者新研究外包钢组合梁计算理论所设计的型钢混凝土组合框架在地震时能形成梁铰破坏机制,框架的变形能力、承载能力、延性、耗能能力等均满足延性框架的抗震要求,且模型框架的有效延性系数达到了7.93。可见,新型型钢混凝土组合柱-外包钢混凝土组合梁框架结构的抗震性能优于钢框架结构和型钢混凝土柱-钢梁框架结构,可在高层建筑中应用。     

Refined theories may be needed for vibration analysis of structures with overhang

The effect of shear deformation and rotary inertia terms on the free vibration of a beam with overhang was investigated. A recently proposed modified Timoshenko-type equations of motion were used to analyze the vibration of the structure. Two different sets of boundary conditions, with either a fixed or hinged end support, were studied. The results were compared with those obtained for the classical Bernoulli–Euler beam theory. The comparison shows that for a hinged end beam with very long overhang, where the span between the supports is less than one tenth of the overall beam length, the classical theory significantly overestimates the values of the fundamental natural frequencies, even for isotropic shear rigidity. On the other hand, the span effect is reversed for the clamped end beam, for which a relatively significant difference between the classical theory and shear theory results may occur only for a long span. For transversely isotropic beams, the refined theory predictions of the fundamental natural frequencies may be much smaller than those obtained through the rigid shear theory, especially for short span hinged end beams and long span clamped end beams.     

Performance Analysis of a Stabilization System for Bodies of Neutral Buoyancy Anchored by an Elastic Cable

Nonlinear dynamic problems for a floating body anchored by an inhomogeneous cable are solved using a discrete elastic-thread model. The body, which is imponderable in water, stabilizes when suspended at the center of buoyancy via a hinged joint. The studies carried out for a particular example reveal that the approach we use to stabilize the body against angular oscillations does not always minimize the perturbations introduced by the tugboat under rough-water conditions. Also, we obtain conditions under which the body moves steadily and demultiplex resonances are absent.     

Vibration and stability of an axially moving beam immersed in fluid

Vibration and stability are investigated for an axially moving beam in fluid and constrained by simple supports with torsion springs. The equations of motion of the beam with uniform circular cross-section, moving axially in a horizontal plane at a known rate while immersed in an incompressible fluid are derived first. An “axial added mass coefficient” and an initial tension are implemented in these equations. Based on the Differential Quadrature Method (DQM), a solution for natural frequency is obtained and numerical results are presented. The effects of axially moving speed, axial added mass coefficient, and several other system parameters on the dynamics and instability of the beam are discussed. Particularly, natural frequency in terms of the moving speed is presented for fixed–fixed, hinged–hinged and hybrid supports with torsion spring. It is shown that when the moving speed exceeds a certain value, the beam becomes subject to buckling-type instability. The variations of the lowest critical moving speed with several key parameters are also investigated.     

流变岩体中让压支护作用下隧道力学行为研究

高地应力深埋软岩隧道大变形问题已成为隧道工程建设领域的突出难题. 根据高地应力深埋软岩隧道的变形特征, 基于"围岩能量吸收、变形释放"的让压支护是解决软岩隧道大变形问题的有效方法. 针对流变岩体中深埋圆形隧道在让压支护作用下的力学响应问题, 通过引入分数阶微积分理论, 采用Abel黏壶元件建立了改进的分数阶Burgers蠕变模型来表征围岩的时效变形. 此外, 通过在让压支护不同变形阶段引入刚度修正系数, 克服了传统支护未能考虑围岩变形释放的问题. 据此, 本文推导了在考虑支护延迟安装影响下, 不同变形阶段围岩与让压支护相互作用的解析解. 为了验证理论研究的正确性, 对一算例进行了不同解答及工程结果的比对, 吻合较好. 最后, 参数研究结果表明: 围岩与让压支护间的相互作用受蠕变本构模型分数阶阶数影响较大. 隧道的位移或支护压力与让压位移、支护刚度修正系数间存在线性比例关系, 但由于刚度修正系数仅保持在较小的变化范围内, 隧道的位移或支护压力变化并不显著.      

Locomotion of vehicles on hinged road mats

In this paper, the hinged road-mat construction is modeled as a cable structure, and based on the equivalent cable theory the sinkage of the roadway is evaluated. Neglecting details of the interaction between tires and road mats, works caused by the traction, resistance, and drawbar pulling are defined to build a new work criterion to evaluate the mobility of vehicles on the hinged road mats. Mobility diagrams, related to coefficient of adhesion, terrain deformation, beam width, and fastening force, are developed to evaluate the locomotion of vehicles and further guide the design of hinged road mats. The presented method compares well with the field terramechanical experiments of the hinged road mats, thus verifying the validity of equivalent cable modeling and work criterion for hinged road mats.     

Anomalous dependence of the vibration frequencies of a rod in an elastic medium on the rod length

We use numerical-analytic methods to study the influence of the length of a thin inhomogeneous rod on its natural frequencies and the shapes of its plane transverse vibrations. We found that the existence of an external elastic medium described by the Winkler model can lead to an anomalous effect, i.e., to an increase in the natural frequencies of the vibration lower modes as the rod length increases continuously. We discovered rather subtle properties of this phenomenon in the case of variations in the length, the mode number, and the fixation method. We separately studied vibrations for the standard boundary conditions: fixation, hinged fixation, tangential fixation, and free end. We calculated several simple examples illustrating the anomalous dependence of the frequency of the rod natural vibrations in a strongly inhomogeneous elastic medium with different boundary conditions.     

弹性动力学的双互易杂交边界点法

将双互易法同杂交边界点法相结合,提出了求解弹性动力问题的新型数值方法------双互易杂交边界点方法. 该算法在求解弹性动力问题时,将控制方程非齐次项的域内积分转化为边界积分. 该方法将问题的解分为通解和特解两部分,通解使用杂交边界点法求得,特解则使用局部径向基函数插值得到,从而实现了使用静力问题的基本解来求解动力问题. 计算时仅仅需要边界上离散点的信息,无论积分还是插值都不需要网格,域内节点仅用来插值非齐次项,因此该算法仍是一种边界类型的无网格方法. 数值算例表明,该方法后处理简单,计算精度高,适合于求解弹性动力问题.      

用双剪屈服准则对钢筋混凝土板进行塑性铰线的极限分析

利用双剪屈服准则建立了用机动法计算钢筋混凝土薄板极限载荷的新的塑性铰线理论，并导出了双向布置钢筋的钢筋混凝土板的屈服条件，实例计算表明其更符合实验结果。     

On a modification of the wave equation for a layered medium

A new form of the wave equation in inhomogeneous media is presented which does not contain derivatives of the medium parameters in its coefficients. Hence this equation can be used not only for the case of smooth but also for the case of abrupt changes of the parameters with the coordinates. The equation can be used for waves of different nature.

To illustrate the advantages of the new form of the wave equation four problems have been solved. They are: scattering of a plane sound wave by weak inhomogeneities; excitation of a lateral wave; the symmetry of the plane-wave transmission coefficient with respect to inversion of the path of the wave; and plane were reflection from a thin inhomogeneous layer.     

粘弹性板的非线性动力稳定特性分析

采用Boltzman积分型本构关系,分析了线粘弹性薄板在考虑几何线性与非线性时的长期动力稳定特性,设材料为标准线性固体,将系统的微分一积分型控制方程转化成微分型控制方程,由增量谐波平衡法确定主要动力不稳定区域的边界,发现粘弹性结构具有与一般阻尼系统不同的动力稳定特性,由于材料的粘性阻尼与松弛效应的综合影响,动力不稳定区域有不同程度的缩小与偏移,且在考虑几何线性与非线性情形下,其影响程度又不一样。