东昆仑开木棋河地区镍矿成矿潜力分析

东昆仑夏日哈木铜镍硫化物矿床位于秦祁昆晚加里东造山系、东昆仑造山带西部祁漫塔格—都兰造山亚带,主要为铁、铜、镍、铅锌矿、钴矿、金矿。该带在区域上形成岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床、矽卡岩型铁铜矿床和构造蚀变岩型金矿,夏日哈木铜镍硫化物矿床储量已达100万吨以上,显示了该区铜镍硫化物矿床找矿具有较大潜力,在夏日哈木矿床西部开木棋河地区从事地质找矿工作,通过对开木棋河地区成矿地质条件、地球物理、地球化学条件的综合分析认为该区寻找夏日哈木型铜镍硫化物矿床具有类似的地质条件,研究区具有良好的区域成矿背景,铜镍硫化物矿床在该成矿带已发现的矿床为超大型,该区和夏日哈木铜镍硫化物矿床处于同一成矿带,岩浆岩条件相似。辉石岩、辉长岩在该区分布较大,岩浆分异较好,地球物理和地球化学异常值高,浓集中心明显,具有寻找岩浆熔离型镍矿的有利条件,具有较大的找矿潜力。     

湖南新屋场二叠纪海绵-藻礁

湖南新屋场二叠纪海绵-藻礁沿滨浅海台地相带和盆地相带的界线分布,生长在台地的边缘.它们是由海绵和藻类为主形成的障积-骨架礁.在礁的不同部位可认别出4个生物群落.Cyclocyclicus群落以丰富的海百合为特征.Squamularia 以各种腕足类为特征.Peronidella-Amblysiphonella群落和Peronidella-Sollasia群落主要由海绵组成.礁只发育在因断裂作用而抬升的部分海底上.礁生长于一个缓慢的海侵期间,结束于一个大的海退.图8,参5.     

三塘湖盆地芦草沟组浊积岩的发现及勘探意义

目的 为了解三塘湖盆地中二叠世芦草沟组发育的一套浊积岩沉积体与油气的关系。方法 通过野外露头观察以及井下资料分析，对该套浊积岩进行了较全面的研究。结果 该套浊积岩岩性同围岩类似，块状层理、平行层理、交错层理和包卷构造较发育；浊积岩体为频繁的火山活动引发的水下沉积体滑塌而形成；浊积岩富含腐殖质，裂缝较发育。结论 该套浊积岩具备生油和储油的能力，对于本区油气勘探具有重要的意义。     

Extinction pattern of reef ecosystems in latest Permian

Studies of two Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) sections on top of a Changhsingian reef in Ziyun, Guizhou Province, southwestern China indicate that the end-Permian mass extinction of reef ecosystems occurred in two steps. The first step is the extinction of all stenotropic organisms such as calcisponges and fusulinids in the latest Permian (in the Clarkina yini conodont zone). The biota after the first extinction is simple, comprising eurytropic organisms including microgastropods, ostracods, and some small burrowing organisms, or only algal mats. At the beginning of the Early Triassic (i.e. the beginning of the Hindeodus parvus zone), the environments became anoxic, and the microgastropod dominated biota or algal mats disappeared, which constituted the second episode of the mass extinction. The biota after the second extinction comprises small spherical microproblematica, some kinds of specialized organisms tolerant of anoxic or oxygen-poor conditions. As the environments became oxygenated, the specialized biota was replaced by a microgastropod-dominated simple biota. When the environmental conditions improved further, the simple biota was replaced by a diverse biota with normal-sized ammonoids, bivalves, and gastropods, representing restoration of normal oceanic condi- tions. Comparison with PTB sections in Dolomites, Italy and Meishan, Zhejiang Province shows that non-reef ecosystems had a similar first episode of mass extinction in the latest Permian. In the case that oceanic anoxia happened, non-reef ecosystems had a second extinction episode similar to that of reef ecosystems.     

The large-scale ductile shear zone in Kuda, western Kunlun

A set of metamorphic suites, previously known as the Precambrian metamorphic basement in Kuda, western Kunlun has been determined as a large nappe ductile shear zone which develops penetrative foliation, oriented stretching lineation, various but consistent kinematic indicators of thrusting from north to south. The microstructure and the supermicrostructure also display the ductile deformation characteristics, and the paleotectonic differential stress is obtained. The metamorphic age is 426–451 Ma dated by⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar method. According to tectonic background, it is a product of early Paleozoic accretionary wedge orogenesis in western Kunlun.     

新疆西昆仑库木别勒沟一带石炭-二叠系地层划分

西昆仑库木别勒沟一带地层单位划分与厘定争议已久.通过1∶5万区域地质调查,在库木别勒沟一带发现一套深色浅变质含砾细碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩及火山岩建造,沉积环境为浊流沉积.并在其下部灰岩内首次发现含珊瑚、腕足及海百合茎类化石;岩层内包含有下志留统中的大理岩砾石或块体,其形成时代要晚于下志留统.根据区域地层对比和化石,新划分为上石炭统—下二叠统喀拉塔什组(C2-P1k),另据岩石组合特征,该组自下而上划分为一段和二段两个段,这一地层单位的合理确立,为区域地质填图建立了正确的岩石地层单位,并为本区的地层划分和区域对比提供了新的依据.     

Discovery of Ordovician acritarchs in Buqingshan ophiolite complex, East Kunlun Mountains and its significance

This note reports the first discovery of Middle-Late Ordovician acritarchs from the Buqingshan ophiolite complex of the southern ophiolite zone of East Kunlun. The acritarch assemblage is dominated with acanthomorphids (approx. 32%) and sphaeromorphds (approx. 63%) and contains more characteristic forms, such as Lophosphaeridium edenense, L. varum, Nothooidium sp.,? Buedingiisphaaeridium sp., Visbysphaera sp., Strophomorpha sp., etc. In addition, some tube-like fragments and tetrads, which are recognized as affinity to terrestrial plants and usual occurrence in Late Ordovician-Early Silurian strata, are preserved together with acritarchs. All the known fossil evidence indicates that the strata should be Middle-Late Ordovician in age. It not only provides paleontological proof for the existence of Ordovician ophiolite, but also challenges the usual ideas on strata composition of the studied area and the southern ophiolite zone of East Kunlun, and the models on tectonic framework and evolution of this area and the northern part of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.     

北祁连山东段瞭高山构造拼贴体的发现及其意义

瞭高山构造拼贴体的发现对于确定祁连造山带东段中祁连地块北部边界有重大意义.该拼贴体由奥陶系火山岩、大理岩和中晚元古代皋兰岩群绢云石英片岩、变杂砂岩、千枚岩等不同时代地层块体拼贴而成,形成于新元古代末-早古生代.整体成层无序,韧性剪切变形强烈.其变形序列特征反映早期正向逆冲,晚期压剪平移-正向伸展的造山拼贴过程.     

青海东昆中岩浆弧带侵入岩体中金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

近年来青海东昆仑成矿带发现了新的金成矿类型,金矿体主要赋存于东昆中岩浆弧带中酸性侵入岩体内的构造蚀变破碎带中。为了查明此类金矿床的成因,从矿床形成的地质特征、矿体特征及矿体与构造、岩浆活动的关系等方面进行分析,说明金矿体的容矿围岩为华力西期、印支期闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和花岗岩,北西向和北东向断裂为主要的控矿、容矿构造,成矿流体沿断裂带的裂隙系统中运移至减压部位成矿,在脆性剪切部位形成构造蚀变岩型金矿体。矿体成因属于构造蚀变岩型,具有较大的找矿空间。     

伊宁凹陷中二叠统膏盐岩的发现、特征及油气地质意义

膏盐岩常常是油气藏的盖层,研究伊宁凹陷是否存在膏盐岩及膏盐岩与烃源岩的关系对油气勘探具有重要意义。通过野外地质剖面精细测量、实验室X射线衍射分析、岩石薄片原岩恢复,在中二叠统中部发现含膏地层。其中潘津布拉克剖面含膏地层厚53m,膏盐岩层厚20m,最大单层厚度13m,其他剖面均有分布。区内含膏地层厚度为36~53m,分布稳定。中二叠统优质烃源岩主要发育在膏盐岩层之下,厚度大,分布广,有机质类型好,成熟度适中,生烃潜力大。盐下油气成藏条件优越,野外剖面油苗丰富,是油气勘探的主攻方向。     

Late Permian magnetostratigraphy and its global correlation

A calibration among magnetic polarity sequence, biostratigraphy zonation and isotopic age reveals that the boundary between the Carboniferous-Permian reversed Polarity Superzone and Permian-Triassic Mixed Polarity Superzone occurs at the top of the Wordian Stage of the Guadalupian Series and is dated as 265 Ma. The Late Permian magnetic polarity sequence integrates four polarity zones, corresponding to the Upper Guadalupian Series, the Wuchiapingian Stage, and the Lower and the Upper Changhsingian Stage of the Lopingian Series. This reference magnetostratigraphy polarity sequence may serve as a useful guide to the chronostratigraphic correlation of Late Permian strata across major biogeographic and facies barriers.     

内蒙古翁牛特旗地区早二叠世火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

研究区早二叠世火山-沉积岩系主要由火山角砾岩、凝灰质砂岩、凝灰岩、硅质岩、流纹岩、安山岩、珍珠岩等组成.其沉积建造和岩性组合表明:早二叠世,研究区位于岛弧和俯冲带之间的弧前盆地环境.二叠系下统额里图组火山岩的SiO2=50.23%~73.56%,Mg#=6.21~49.54,Na2O+K2O=5.27%~10.73%,Na2O/K2O=0.36~4.17,其中安山岩Mg#=49.54~62.61,归属为高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列.微量元素(La/Yb)N介于5.52~9.89之间,δEu=0.09~0.90,具有中等-强烈负铕异常,相对富集大离子亲石元素包括Rb,K,La,Th等,而等高场强元素P,Ta,Nb、Ti则表现亏损,指示岩浆形成于与俯冲带有关的岛弧或活动大陆边缘的构造环境.R1-R2因子投影判别图解亦表明其形成于同碰撞阶段,反映古亚洲洋板块向华北陆块俯持续冲过程持续的地球动力学环境.综上所述,可认为早二叠世期间,该地区仍处于古亚洲洋海域,而不是陆内裂陷槽.     

Formation of the Yazi Spring Stream and its significance on tectonics-climate on the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains

The sequences of fluvial terraces in the Yazi Spring Stream are signs of the stepwise uplift of the Kunlun Mountains in the northern part of the Tibetan Plateau since the Late Pleistocene. Geomorphic and sedimentary features of the terraces reveal that they have resulted from the phased tectonic uplift and the consequent river incision in the northern plateau. Using the method of Single-aliquot Regenerative-dose （SAR） Protocol and Radiocarbon ^14C dating, the deposit ages of three-grade terraces were obtained, which are 57.5, 12.8 and 5.7 kaBP, respectively. The features and ages of terraces reveal that the incision rate of the stream accelerated at the beginning of the Holocene. The incision rate changed suddenly at 12.8 KaBP, from 0.43±0.07 mm/a to 1.59±0.55 mm/a. This implicates that uplift of the Kunlun Mountains is intensive at the first onset of the Holocene, corresponding to the obvious change of slip-rate on the AItyn Tagh Fault. But its uplift rate is much lower than that of the latter, which suggests that growth of the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is stronger than its interior.     

Discovery of the Upper Permian series in Cuoqin Basin, Xizang (Tibet) and its geological significance

During the field work,one assumption has been made according to the lithologic,especially the paleotogic characteristics observed. The assumption is that the Upper Permian series should exist in Aduogabu which is in Xiadong Town, Gaize County, Tibet. This assumption was verified by the results of paleontologic identification. Accordingly it can be concluded that the idea of the lacuna of the Upper Permian series in Gangdise-Nyainqentanylha stratigraphic area should be reconsidered. There also exist abundant fossils such as coral, foraminifera.bra-chiopada and algae, which are representative of the result from warm water fauna. There exist some pinnacle reels consisting of coral and/or stramatopora. All this reflects the location evolution of Tibet in the area from high to low latitudes.     

川东北地区二叠—三叠系深层礁滩储层发育机理

探讨川东北地区二叠—三叠系礁滩相储层孔隙形成过程与保存机理,通过对普光、元坝气田礁滩相优质储层的岩石学特征、储集空间类型、物性特征以及储层发育机理的研究,运用统计学分析手段,结果表明:①四川盆地东北部二叠—三叠系礁滩相储集岩性以残余生屑结晶白云岩、残余生物礁结晶白云岩、礁灰岩、残余鲕粒结晶白云岩为主,糖粒状白云岩及粉细晶白云岩次之,亮晶鲕粒灰岩最少.储层类型以孔隙型为主,裂缝-孔隙型次之,Ⅱ、Ⅲ类储层居多,Ⅰ类储层较少.②礁滩优质储层受沉积环境的控制,早期暴露溶蚀、白云岩化作用为储层基质孔隙发育奠定基础,后期烃类充注为储层孔隙保存提供保障,晚期裂缝改善储层的渗透性.③川东北礁滩型储层孔隙以原生孔隙和早期次生溶孔为主,早期成岩作用贡献大,快速埋藏及烃类及时充注,使得储层孔隙得到很好的保存.构造应力缝及液态烃深埋裂解形成的超压缝,改善了储层渗透性.     

Discovery of Permian islandarc basalts in the Cenxi area and the tectonic significance

Cenxi Permian basalts are the late Palaeozoic island-arc type basalts first found in South China. REE and trace element characteristics and distribution patterns show that this volcanic formation, which has been isotopically dated at 261 MaB. P. by the³⁹Ar/⁴⁰Ar method, is of an active continental marginal island arc type, and that the tectonic environment at that time was an island-arc marginal sea or minor ocean basin related with the paleo-Tethyan tectonic belt in western Guangdongeastern Guangxi.     

The genesis and environmental significance of red and black sedimentary interlayers in coral reef of well Nanyong 2

The results of paleogeomagnetics and geochemistry of the coral reef in well Nanyong 2 of Nansha Islands showed that the bottom of the black sedimentary interlayer corresponds to the conversion boundary line between Brunhes Postive Polarity and Matuyama Reversed Polarity (B/M) and the cold/warm (19/20) climatic conversion bounds on δ¹⁸O curve, 0.78 Ma ago; and the red sedimentary interlayer corresponds to the ReunionⅠpolarity excursion (reversion) of the geomagnetic field, 2.01—2.04 Ma ago. Comparing with the normal light-coloured coral reef rock, the magnetic susceptibility (c), residual magnetization intensity (Mr) and the content of MnO and Fe₂O₃ of the black sedimentary layer appeared obviously positive abnormity. The magnetic susceptibility (c), residual magnetization intensity (Mr) and the content of Fe₂O₃ of the red sedimentary layer also appeared positive abnormity. Combining with the analyzing results of paleontology, we hold that this pair of special and typical sedimentary interlayers was relative to the sudden change of paleoclimate, i.e. the global climatic change and its incidental polarity reversal of the geomagnetic field directly affected the living environment of the paleontological species as well as the dispersion and enrichment of some chemical elements, especially the elements sensitive to redox such as Fe and Mn. For example, the elements Fe and Mn concentrated in the glacial period would be largely oxidized and diluted when the climate warmed up suddenly, and the originally oxidized high valence Fe would be condensed again when the climate cooled suddenly. This is possibly one of the important reasons of appearing and disappearing of the red and black sedimentary events of coral reef in well Nanyong 2.