On the singularities of residual intertwining operators

Let G be a reductive algebraic group defined over \Bbb Q {\Bbb Q} . Let P, P' be parabolic subgroups of G, defined over \Bbb Q {\Bbb Q} , and let _boxclose_boxclose, a_P') t \in W({\frak a}_{P}, {\frak a}_{P'}) . In this paper we study the intertwining operator M_P￠|P(t,l), l ? \frak a^*_{P,\Bbb C} M_{P' \vert P}(t,\lambda),\,\lambda \in {\frak a}^*_{P,{\Bbb C}} , acting in corresponding spaces of automorphic forms. One of the main results states that each matrix coefficient of M_P￠|P(t,l) M_{P' \vert P}(t,\lambda) is a meromorphic function of order ￡ n + 1 \le n + 1 , where n = dim G. Using this result, we further investigate the rank one intertwining operators, in particular, we study the distribution of their poles.     

Vector-valued Jacobi-like forms

We introduce vector-valued Jacobi-like forms associated to a representation r: G? GL(n,\Bbb C)\rho: \Gamma \rightarrow GL(n,{\Bbb C}) of a discrete subgroup G ì SL(2,\Bbb C)\Gamma \subset SL(2,{\Bbb C}) in \Bbb Cⁿ{\Bbb C}^n and establish a correspondence between such vector-valued Jacobi-like forms and sequences of vector-valued modular forms of different weights with respect to ρ. We determine a lifting of vector-valued modular forms to vector-valued Jacobi-like forms as well as a lifting of scalar-valued Jacobi-like forms to vector-valued Jacobi-like forms. We also construct Rankin-Cohen brackets for vector-valued modular forms.     

Equality of two variable weighted means: reduction to differential equations

Summary. Let F, Y \Phi, \Psi be strictly monotonic continuous functions, F,G be positive functions on an interval I and let n ? \Bbb N \{1} n \in {\Bbb N} \setminus \{1\} . The functional equation¶¶F^-1 ([(?_i=1ⁿF(x_i)F(x_i))/(?_i=1ⁿ F(x_i)]) Y^-1 ([(?_i=1ⁿY(x_i)G(x_i))/(?_i=1ⁿ G(x_i))])  (x₁,?,x_n ? I) \Phi^{-1}\,\left({\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}\Phi(x_{i})F(x_{i})\over\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} F(x_{i}}\right) \Psi^{-1}\,\left({\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}\Psi(x_{i})G(x_{i})\over\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} G(x_{i})}\right)\,\,(x_{1},\ldots,x_{n} \in I) ¶was solved by Bajraktarevi' [3] for a fixed n 3 3 n\ge 3 . Assuming that the functions involved are twice differentiable he proved that the above functional equation holds if and only if¶¶Y(x) = [(aF(x) + b)/(cF(x) + d)],       G(x) = kF(x)(cF(x) + d) \Psi(x) = {a\Phi(x)\,+\,b\over c\Phi(x)\,+\,d},\qquad G(x) = kF(x)(c\Phi(x) + d) ¶where a,b,c,d,k are arbitrary constants with k(c²+d²)(ad-bc) 1 0 k(c^2+d^2)(ad-bc)\ne 0 . Supposing the functional equation for all n = 2,3,... n = 2,3,\dots Aczél and Daróczy [2] obtained the same result without differentiability conditions.¶The case of fixed n = 2 is, as in many similar problems, much more difficult and allows considerably more solutions. Here we assume only that the same functional equation is satisfied for n = 2 and solve it under the supposition that the functions involved are six times differentiable. Our main tool is the deduction of a sixth order differential equation for the function j = F°Y^-1 \varphi = \Phi\circ\Psi^{-1} . We get 32 new families of solutions.     

Amenable representations and dynamics of the unit sphere in an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space

We establish a close link between the amenability property of a unitary representation p \pi of a group G (in the sense of Bekka) and the concentration property (in the sense of V. Milman) of the corresponding dynamical system (\Bbb S_p, G) ({\Bbb S}_{\pi}, G) , where \Bbb S_H {\Bbb S}_{\cal H} is the unit sphere the Hilbert space of representation. We prove that p \pi is amenable if and only if either p \pi contains a finite-dimensional subrepresentation or the maximal uniform compactification of (\Bbb S_p ({\Bbb S}_{\pi} has a G-fixed point. Equivalently, the latter means that the G-space (\Bbb S_p, G) ({\Bbb S}_{\pi}, G) has the concentration property: every finite cover of the sphere \Bbb S_p {\Bbb S}_{\pi} contains a set A such that for every e > 0 \epsilon > 0 the e \epsilon -neighbourhoods of the translations of A by finitely many elements of G always intersect. As a corollary, amenability of p \pi is equivalent to the existence of a G-invariant mean on the uniformly continuous bounded functions on \Bbb S_p {\Bbb S}_{\pi} . As another corollary, a locally compact group G is amenable if and only if for every strongly continuous unitary representation of G in an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space H {\cal H} the system (\Bbb S_H, G) ({\Bbb S}_{\cal H}, G) has the property of concentration.     

On quasimonotone increasing homeomorphisms

Let f ? C(\Bbb Rⁿ,\Bbb Rⁿ) f\in C(\Bbb R^n,\Bbb R^n) be quasimonotone increasing such that Y(f(y)-f(x)) ￡ -c Y(y-x) (x << y) \Psi (f(y)-f(x)) \!\le -c \Psi (y-x) (x\ll y) for a linear and strictly positive functional Y \Psi and c > 0. We prove that f is a homeomorphism with decreasing and Lipschitz continuous inverse and we prove the global asymptotic stability of the equilibrium solution of x￠=f(x) x'=f(x) .     

Idempotents in a complex group algebra, projective modules, and the von Neumann algebra

The complex group algebra \Bbb CG{\Bbb C}G of a countable group G can be imbedded in the von Neumann algebra NG of G. If G is torsion-free, and if P is a finitely generated projective module over \Bbb CG{\Bbb C}G it is proved that the central-valued trace of NG?_{\Bbb CG}PNG\otimes _{{\Bbb C}G}P, i.e. of an idempotent \Bbb CG{\Bbb C}G-matrix A defining P is equal to the canonical trace k(P)\kappa (P) times identity I. It follows that k(P)\kappa (P) characterizes the isomorphism type of NG?_{\Bbb CG}PNG\otimes _{{\Bbb C}G}P.¶If k(P)\kappa (P) is an integer, e.g., if the weak Bass conjecture holds for G then NG?_{\Bbb C G}PNG\otimes _{{\Bbb C} G}P is free. It is also shown that for certain classes of groups geometric arguments can be used to prove the Bass conjecture.     

A Seidel-Walsh theorem with linear differential operators

Assume that {S_n}₁^￥ \{S_n\}_1^\infty is a sequence of automorphisms of the open unit disk \Bbb D{\Bbb D} and that {T_n}₁^￥\{T_n\}_1^\infty is a sequence of linear differential operators with constant coefficients, both of them satisfying suitable conditions. We prove that for certain spaces X of holomorphic functions in the open unit disk, the set of functions f ? Xf \in X such that {(T_n f) °S_n:  n ? \Bbb N}\{(T_n\,f) \circ S_n: \, n \in {\Bbb N}\} is dense in H(\Bbb D)H({\Bbb D}) is residual in X. This extends the Seidel-Walsh theorem together with some subsequent results.     

Integration of the lifting formulas and the cyclic homology of the algebras of differential operators

We integrate the Lifting cocycles Y_2n+1, Y_2n+3, Y_2n+5,? ([Sh1,2]) \Psi_{2n+1}, \Psi_{2n+3}, \Psi_{2n+5},\ldots\,([\rm Sh1,2]) on the Lie algebra Dif_n of holomorphic differential operators on an n-dimensional complex vector space to the cocycles on the Lie algebra of holomorphic differential operators on a holomorphic line bundle l \lambda on an n-dimensional complex manifold M in the sense of Gelfand--Fuks cohomology [GF] (more precisely, we integrate the cocycles on the sheaves of the Lie algebras of finite matrices over the corresponding associative algebras). The main result is the following explicit form of the Feigin--Tsygan theorem [FT1]:¶¶ H^·_Lie(\frak g\frak l^fin_￥(Dif_n);\Bbb C) = ù^·(Y_2n+1, Y_2n+3, Y_2n+5,? ) H^\bullet_{\rm Lie}({\frak g}{\frak l}^{\rm fin}_\infty({\rm Dif}_n);{\Bbb C}) = \wedge^\bullet(\Psi_{2n+1}, \Psi_{2n+3}, \Psi_{2n+5},\ldots\,) .     

Moments of Brownian Motions on Lie Groups

Let (B_t)_{t ≥ 0} be a Brownian motion on GL(n,\Bbb R)GL(n,{\Bbb R}) with the corresponding Gaussian convolution semigroup (μ_t)_{t ≥ 0} and generator L. We show that algebraic relations between L and the generators of the matrix semigroups (ò_{GL(n,\Bbb R)} x^?k dm_t(x))_{t 3 0}(\int_{GL(n,{\Bbb R})} x^{\otimes k}\ d\mu_t(x))_{t \ge 0} lead to E((B_t-B_s)_i,j^2k) = O((t-s)^k)E((B_t-B_s)_{i,j}^{2k}) =O((t-s)^k) for t → s, k ≥ 1, and all coordinates i,j. These relations will form the basis for a martingale characterization of (B_t)_{t ≥ 0} in terms of generalized heat polynomials. This characterization generalizes a corresponding result for the Brownian motion on \Bbb R{\Bbb R} in terms of Hermite polynomials due to J. Wesolowski and may be regarded as a variant of the Lévy characterization without continuity assumptions.     

How quadratic are the natural numbers?

Abstract. For natural numbers n we inspect all factorizations n = ab of n with a ￡ ba \le b in \Bbb N\Bbb N and denote by n=a_n b_nn=a_n b_n the most quadratic one, i.e. such that b_n - a_nb_n - a_n is minimal. Then the quotient k(n) : = a_n/b_n\kappa (n) := a_n/b_n is a measure for the quadraticity of n. The best general estimate for k(n)\kappa (n) is of course very poor: 1/n ￡ k(n) ￡ 11/n \le \kappa (n)\le 1. But a Theorem of Hall and Tenenbaum [1, p. 29], implies(logn)^-d-e ￡ k(n) ￡ (logn)^-d(\log n)^{-\delta -\varepsilon } \le \kappa (n) \le (\log n)^{-\delta } on average, with d = 1 - (1+log₂  2)/log2=0,08607 ?\delta = 1 - (1+\log _2 \,2)/\log 2=0,08607 \ldots and for every e > 0\varepsilon >0. Hence the natural numbers are fairly quadratic.¶k(n)\kappa (n) characterizes a specific optimal factorization of n. A quadraticity measure, which is more global with respect to the prime factorization of n, is k^*(n): = ?_{1 ￡ a ￡ b, ab=n} a/b\kappa ^*(n):= \textstyle\sum\limits \limits _{1\le a \le b, ab=n} a/b. We show k^*(n) ~ \frac 12\kappa ^*(n) \sim \frac {1}{2} on average, and k^*(n)=W(2^{\frac 12(1-e) log n/log ₂n})\kappa ^*(n)=\Omega (2^{\frac {1}{2}(1-\varepsilon ) {\log}\, n/{\log} _2n})for every e > 0\varepsilon>0.     

Solvability of systems of partial differential equations for functions defined on nonconvex sets

We consider systems of partial differential equations with constant coefficients of the form ( R(D_x, D_y)f = 0, P(D_x)f = g), f,g ? C^￥(W),\big ( R(D_x, D_y)f = 0, P(D_x)f = {g}\big ), f,g \in {C}^{\infty}(\Omega),, where R (and P) are operators in (n + 1) variables (and in n variables, respectively), g satisfies the compatibility condition R(D_x, D_y)g = 0  and  W ì \Bbb Rⁿ⁺¹R(D_x, D_y){g} = 0 \ {\rm and} \ \Omega \subset {\Bbb R}^{n+1} is open. Let R be elliptic. We show that the solvability of such systems for certain nonconvex sets W\Omega implies that any localization at ￥\infty of the principle part P_m of P is hyperbolic. In contrast to this result such systems can always be solved on convex open sets W\Omega by the fundamental principle of Ehrenpreis-Palamodov.     

Conjugates of Rational Equivariant Holomorphic Maps of Symmetric Domains

Let t: D ?D￠\tau: {\cal D} \rightarrow{\cal D}^\prime be an equivariant holomorphic map of symmetric domains associated to a homomorphism r: \Bbb G ?\Bbb G￠{\bf\rho}: {\Bbb G} \rightarrow{\Bbb G}^\prime of semisimple algebraic groups defined over \Bbb Q{\Bbb Q} . If G ì \Bbb G (\Bbb Q)\Gamma\subset {\Bbb G} ({\Bbb Q}) and G￠ ì \Bbb G￠(\Bbb Q)\Gamma^\prime \subset {\Bbb G}^\prime ({\Bbb Q}) are torsion-free arithmetic subgroups with r (G) ì G￠{\bf\rho} (\Gamma) \subset \Gamma^\prime , the map G\D ?G￠\D￠\Gamma\backslash {\cal D} \rightarrow\Gamma^\prime \backslash {\cal D}^\prime of arithmetic varieties and the rationality of D{\cal D} and D￠{\cal D}^\prime as well as the commensurability groups of s ? Aut (\Bbb C)\sigma \in {\rm Aut} ({\Bbb C}) determines a conjugate equivariant holomorphic map t^s: D^s ?D^￠s\tau^\sigma: {\cal D}^\sigma \rightarrow{\cal D}^{\prime\sigma} of f^s: (G\D)^s ?(G￠\D￠)^s\phi^\sigma: (\Gamma\backslash {\cal D})^\sigma \rightarrow(\Gamma^\prime \backslash {\cal D}^\prime)^\sigma of . We prove that is rational if is rational.     

Homogenization for strongly anisotropic nonlinear elliptic equations

In this paper we present homogenization results for elliptic degenerate differential equations describing strongly anisotropic media. More precisely, we study the limit as e? 0 \epsilon \to 0 of the following Dirichlet problems with rapidly oscillating periodic coefficients:¶¶ . \cases {{ -div(\alpha(\frac{x}{\epsilon}}, \nabla u) A(\frac{x}{\epsilon}) \nabla u) = f(x) \in L^{\infty}(\Omega) \atop u = 0 su \eth\Omega\ } ¶¶where, p > 1,     a: \Bbb Rⁿ ×\Bbb Rⁿ ? \Bbb R,     a(y,x) ? áA(y)x,x?^p/2-1, A ? M^{n ×n}(\Bbb R) p>1, \quad \alpha : \Bbb R^n \times \Bbb R^n \to \Bbb R, \quad \alpha(y,\xi) \approx \langle A(y)\xi,\xi \rangle ^{p/2-1}, A \in M^{n \times n}(\Bbb R) , A being a measurable periodic matrix such that A^t(x) = A(x) 3 0A^t(x) = A(x) \ge 0 almost everywhere.¶¶The anisotropy of the medium is described by the following structure hypothesis on the matrix A:¶¶l^2/p(x) |x|² ￡ áA(x)x,x? ￡ L ^2/p(x) |x|², \lambda^{2/p}(x) |\xi|^2 \leq \langle A(x)\xi,\xi \rangle \leq \Lambda ^{2/p}(x) |\xi|^2, ¶¶where the weight functions l \lambda and L \Lambda (satisfying suitable summability assumptions) can vanish or blow up, and can also be "moderately" different. The convergence to the homogenized problem is obtained by a classical compensated compactness argument, that had to be extended to two-weight Sobolev spaces.     

Characterization of field homomorphisms and derivations by functional equations

Summary. Let K and [`(K)] \overline K be fields containing \Bbb Q {\Bbb Q} . We characterize pairs of additive functions f,g: K ?[`(K)] f,g: K \to \overline K satisfying a functional equation¶¶ g(x^ln) = f(x^l)ⁿ     \textrespectively        g(x^ln) = Ax^ln + x^ln-lf(x^l) g(x^{ln}) = f(x^l)^n \quad \text{respectively} \qquad g(x^{ln}) = Ax^{ln} + x^{ln-l}f(x^l) ,¶where n ? \Bbb Z \{0,1} n \in {\Bbb Z} \setminus \{0,1\} , l ? \Bbb N l\in {\Bbb N} and A ? K A \in K .     

Quantization of Lie bialgebras and shuffle algebras of Lie algebras

To any field \Bbb K \Bbb K of characteristic zero, we associate a set (\mathbbK) (\mathbb{K}) and a group G₀(\Bbb K) {\cal G}_0(\Bbb K) . Elements of (\mathbbK) (\mathbb{K}) are equivalence classes of families of Lie polynomials subject to associativity relations. Elements of G₀(\Bbb K) {\cal G}_0(\Bbb K) are universal automorphisms of the adjoint representations of Lie bialgebras over \Bbb K \Bbb K . We construct a bijection between (\mathbbK)×G₀(\Bbb K) (\mathbb{K})\times{\cal G}_0(\Bbb K) and the set of quantization functors of Lie bialgebras over \Bbb K \Bbb K . This construction involves the following steps.? 1) To each element v \varpi of (\mathbbK) (\mathbb{K}) , we associate a functor \frak a?\operatornameSh^v(\frak a) \frak a\mapsto\operatorname{Sh}^\varpi(\frak a) from the category of Lie algebras to that of Hopf algebras; \operatornameSh^v(\frak a) \operatorname{Sh}^\varpi(\frak a) contains U\frak a U\frak a .? 2) When \frak a \frak a and \frak b \frak b are Lie algebras, and r_{\frak a\frak b} ? \frak a?\frak b r_{\frak a\frak b} \in\frak a\otimes\frak b , we construct an element ?^v (r_{\frak a\frak b}) {\cal R}^{\varpi} (r_{\frak a\frak b}) of \operatornameSh^v(\frak a)?\operatornameSh^v(\frak b) \operatorname{Sh}^\varpi(\frak a)\otimes\operatorname{Sh}^\varpi(\frak b) satisfying quasitriangularity identities; in particular, ?^v(r_{\frak a\frak b}) {\cal R}^\varpi(r_{\frak a\frak b}) defines a Hopf algebra morphism from \operatornameSh^v(\frak a)^* \operatorname{Sh}^\varpi(\frak a)^* to \operatornameSh^v(\frak b) \operatorname{Sh}^\varpi(\frak b) .? 3) When \frak a = \frak b \frak a = \frak b and r_\frak a ? \frak a?\frak a r_\frak a\in\frak a\otimes\frak a is a solution of CYBE, we construct a series r^v(r_\frak a) \rho^\varpi(r_\frak a) such that ?^v(r^v(r_\frak a)) {\cal R}^\varpi(\rho^\varpi(r_\frak a)) is a solution of QYBE. The expression of r^v(r_\frak a) \rho^\varpi(r_\frak a) in terms of r_\frak a r_\frak a involves Lie polynomials, and we show that this expression is unique at a universal level. This step relies on vanishing statements for cohomologies arising from universal algebras for the solutions of CYBE.? 4) We define the quantization of a Lie bialgebra \frak g \frak g as the image of the morphism defined by ?^v(r^v(r)) {\cal R}^\varpi(\rho^\varpi(r)) , where r ? \mathfrakg ?\mathfrakg^* r \in \mathfrak{g} \otimes \mathfrak{g}^* .<\P>     

Representations of nilpotent Lie algebras

Let (L,[p]) a finite dimensional nilpotent restricted Lie algebra of characteristic p 3 3, c ? L^*p \geq 3, \chi \in L^* a linear form. In this paper we study the representation theory of the reduced universal enveloping algebra u(L,c)u(L,\chi ). It is shown that u(L,c)u(L,\chi ) does not admit blocks of tame representation type. As an application, we prove that the nonregular AR-components of u(L,c)u(L,\chi ) are of types \Bbb Z [A_￥ ]\Bbb Z [A_\infty ] or \Bbb Z [A_n]/(t)\Bbb Z [A_n]/(\tau ).     

Bounded solutions of the Golab—Schinzel equation

Summary. Let \Bbb K {\Bbb K} be either the field of reals or the field of complex numbers, X be an F-space (i.e. a Fréchet space) over \Bbb K {\Bbb K} n be a positive integer, and f : X ? \Bbb K f : X \to {\Bbb K} be a solution of the functional equation¶¶f(x + f(x)ⁿ y) = f(x) f(y) f(x + f(x)^n y) = f(x) f(y) .¶We prove that, if there is a real positive a such that the set { x ? X : |f(x)| ? (0, a)} \{ x \in X : |f(x)| \in (0, a)\} contains a subset of second category and with the Baire property, then f is continuous or { x ? X : |f(x)| ? (0, a)} \{ x \in X : |f(x)| \in (0, a)\} for every x ? X x \in X . As a consequence of this we obtain the following fact: Every Baire measurable solution f : X ? \Bbb K f : X \to {\Bbb K} of the equation is continuous or equal zero almost everywhere (i.e., there is a first category set A ì X A \subset X with f(X \A) = { 0 }) f(X \backslash A) = \{ 0 \}) .     

Idempotent multipliers for LP (\Bbb R)(\Bbb R)

The algebra B_p(\Bbb R){\cal B}_p({\Bbb R}), p ? (1,￥)\{2}p\in (1,\infty )\setminus \{2\}, consisting of all measurable sets in \Bbb R{\Bbb R} whose characteristic function is a Fourier p-multiplier, forms an algebra of sets containing many interesting and non-trivial elements (e.g. all intervals and their finite unions, certain periodic sets, arbitrary countable unions of dyadic intervals, etc.). However, B_p(\Bbb R){\cal B}_p({\Bbb R}) fails to be a s\sigma -algebra. It has been shown by V. Lebedev and A. Olevskii [4] that if E ? B_p(\Bbb R)E\in {\cal B}_p({\Bbb R}), then E must coincide a.e. with an open set, a remarkable topological constraint on E. In this note we show if $2 < p < \infty $2 < p < \infty , then there exists E ? B_p(\Bbb R)E\in {\cal B}_p({\Bbb R}) which is not in B_q(\Bbb R){\cal B}_q({\Bbb R}) for any q > pq>p.     

On minimal p-degrees in 2-transitive permutation groups

Suppose G is a transitive permutation group on a finite set W\mit\Omega of n points and let p be a prime divisor of |G||G|. The smallest number of points moved by a non-identity p-element is called the minimal p-degree of G and is denoted m_p (G). ¶ In the article the minimal p-degrees of various 2-transitive permutation groups are calculated. Using the classification of finite 2-transitive permutation groups these results yield the main theorem, that m_p(G) 3 [(p-1)/(p+1)] ·|W|m_{p}(G) \geq {{p-1} \over {p+1}} \cdot |\mit\Omega | holds, if Alt(W) \nleqq G {\rm Alt}(\mit\Omega ) \nleqq G .¶Also all groups G (and prime divisors p of |G||G|) for which m_p(G) ￡ [(p-1)/(p)] ·|W|m_{p}(G)\le {{p-1}\over{p}} \cdot |\mit\Omega | are identified.