水溶性高聚物聚丙烯酰胺的稀溶液性质(Ⅰ)

本工作利用光散射和粘度方法,使用辐射聚合聚丙烯酰胺(PAAM)的级分样品,研究了在较宽分子量范围(10~4-10~7)内PAAM的特性粘数,分子尺寸及第二维利系数对重均分子量的依赖性.从实验上得到了PAAM在0.2mol/lNaCl水溶液中的均方旋转半径与均方末端距之间的关系及高分子-溶剂相互作用参数.     

水溶性疏水缔合型聚(丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸十六酯)溶液性质的研究

采用沉淀聚合法制备水溶性的丙烯酰胺－丙烯酸十六疏水缔合型共聚物,研究了共聚物水溶液的性质及其影响因素。随着疏水基团含量增加,共聚物在纯水中及NaCl溶液中的特性粘数[η]均减小,疏水基团临界缔合浓度降低。共聚物溶液浓度高于监界缔合浓度时,溶液表现粘度急剧增加,表明溶液中分子间缔合大量形成。     

聚丙烯酰胺稀溶液的分子模拟

聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)是一类重要的线性水溶性聚合物,具有"百业助剂"之称,因此对其溶液性质的研究意义重大.在溶液质量浓度约为1g·mL-1的基础上,分别构建了含有不同水分子数的溶液模型.采用分子动力学(MD)方法模拟分析了不同温度下非离子型的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM-H)和阴离子型的聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)在纯水溶液及含不同质量分数NaCl的水溶液中的回旋半径(Rg).结果发现,不同温度下PAM-H和HPAM的抗盐性能的模拟结果与实验数据基本吻合,水分子数不同的溶液模型所得模拟结果趋势没有明显变化,为了提高模拟效率,选取含有2000个水分子的溶液模型分析HPAM链中氧负离子及氧原子的径向分布函数,从微观结构模拟说明了HPAM水溶液粘度随NaCl质量分数增加而减小,且HPAM比PAM-H具有较好的增粘效果及较差的抗盐性能的原因.     

聚苯醚砜在二甲基甲酰胺中稀溶液性质的研究(Ⅱ)

本文用广角及准弹性光散射法测定了聚苯醚砜各级分在DMF中和在θ溶剂中25℃时的均才半径R_G,第二维利系数A_2,流体力学半经R_H,扩散系数D_O,扩散系数的浓度依赖性k_F以及这些参数与分子量M的关系。它们的结果如下R_G=0.031MO~(0.55) D_O(θ)=0.906×10~(-4)M~(0.5) D_0=1.445×10~(-4)M~(0.55)A_2=0.033M~(-0.35) k_D(θ)=0.5M~(0.34) k_D=2.3×10~(-6)M~(1.36)α_H=R_H/R_H(θ)=0.63M~(0.05)R_H(θ)=0.0299M~(0.5)R_H=0.0188M~(0.55) 作者讨论了静态与动态两种高分子尺寸之间的关系;三种溶胀因子α_η和、α_H、α_G之间的关系;以及摩擦系数的浓度系数k_F与流体力学体积V_H之间的关系。它们的结果满足下面各关系式: R_H/R_G=[π(v+1)(2v+1)/3]~(1/2)(2-v)(1-v)/2, α_η~3=α_(G)~2α_H, k_F=1.2A_2M+N_AV_H/M,K_F(θ)=N_AV_H/M     

激光光散射研究丙烯酰胺丙烯酸共聚物的溶液行为

用激光光散射技术研究了丙烯酰胺 丙烯酸共聚物 (简称P(AM AA) )的溶液行为 .结果表明 ,纯水中P(AM AA)分子的流体力学半径Rh的分布存在 10 0～ 5 0 0nm的范围 ,与溶液中的网状结构对应 .当加入NaCl后 ,Rh 分布变窄 ,集中在 10 0nm以下的范围内 ,10 0～ 5 0 0nm这一范围消失 ,说明P(AM AA)在纯水溶液中主要以网状结构存在 ,小分子盐如NaCl的加入会破坏这种网状结构 .网状结构的破坏导致溶液稳定性下降 ,在0 1mol LNaCl溶液中 ,当c c 时 ,放置一段时间后 ,溶液中出现白色絮状沉淀 .     

氟碳改性聚丙烯酰胺共聚物的溶液性质

研究了氟碳链改性的聚丙烯酰胺水溶液性质及其对盐浓度的依赖性，重点考察 了氟碳疏水组分含量、盐浓度对特性粘数的影响，以及粘度随剪切速率和温度的变 化关系。结果表明聚合物溶液的粘度随盐的引入而增大，但在两种溶液中最小值对 应的共聚单体含量一致。随温度的增加，共聚物溶液粘度依次出现了最小和最大值 。所有实验结果均归于溶液中存在的疏水和氢键两种相反作用的综合结果。     

聚阳离子三甲基烯丙基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺共聚物的溶液性质研究

按实用要求对不同阳离子度及分子量的三甲基烯丙基氯化铵 丙烯酰胺共聚物Ｐ（ＴＭ ｃｏ ＡＡＭ）分别在水、水 甲醇、水 乙酸，不同浓度的ＮａＣｌ、ＫＣｌ、ＫＢｒ及Ｎａ２ＳＯ４水溶液中的溶液粘度行为进行了探讨，考察了低阳离子度的Ｐ（ＴＭ ｃｏ ＡＡＭ）的聚电解质行为及其大分子链在溶液中的分子链运动形态．     

黑木耳酸性杂多糖溶液性质研究

从黑木耳子实体提取出的酸性杂多糖,通过重沉淀分成8个级分,用小角激光光散射和膜渗透压法测得试样在0.5mol/L NaCl/10％镉乙二胺饱和液(C)中的M_w(5.88×10~5)、M_n(1.43×10~5)和A_2值.研究了各个分级试样在3种水溶液中30℃的粘度行为,确立了Mark-Houwink方程为:(A)0.5mol/L NaCl,[η]=0.235 M_w~(0.48);(B)0.2mol Na_2SO_4/0.01 mol/L 磷酸盐缓冲液,[η]=7.61×10~(-2)M_w~(0.57);(C)[η]=6.44×10~(-2) M_w~(0.59).无扰尺寸(S~2)_0/M及K_8为12.9×10~(-18)cm~2·mol/g及0.175cm~3/g.确证该多糖分子在溶液中呈稍刚硬的柔性无规线团状态.     

聚丙烯酰胺稀溶液的粘度与剪切速率的关系的研究

聚丙烯酰胺稀溶液的粘度与剪切速率的关系的研究陈九顺，刘忠义，刘波，张艳红（黑龙江大学化学系，哈尔滨，１５００８０）关键词聚丙烯酰胺，部分水解聚丙烯酰胺，粘度，剪切速率水溶性高聚物聚丙烯酰胺（ＰＡＭ）和部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（ＰＨＰ）的水溶液是一种假塑性流...     

聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)的分子链特性

利用光散射得到了分子量为 2 2 3× 1 0 4～ 1 30× 1 0 4窄分布 (Mw/Mn≤ 1 .2 8)的聚 (N 异丙基丙烯酰胺 ) (PNIPAM)在四氢呋喃 (THF)溶液中 2 5℃的第二维利系数A2 及分子链均方回转半径〈S2 〉与分子量的关系 ,即A2 ∝Mw-0 .2 5 ,〈S2 〉1/ 2 =1 .5 6×1 0 -9Mw0 .5 6.还测定了在THF和甲醇中 2 5℃的特性粘数 [η],得到的Mark_Houwink方程为 [η]=6 .90× 1 0 -5 M0 .73 (THF溶液 )和 [η]=1 .0 7× 1 0 -4 M0 .71(甲醇溶液 ) .以上结果表明THF和甲醇都是PNIPAM的良溶剂 .根据Kurata_Stockmayer方程计算得到PNIPAM在两种溶剂中的极限特征比C∞ 为 1 0 6 ,说明PNIPAM为与聚苯乙烯相似的柔性链 ,因此可以形成珠球 .还跟踪了PNIPAM水溶液的特性粘数在 2 5～ 31 5℃之间的变化 ,发现特性粘数随温度升高而下降 ,呈现两个阶段 :低温阶段的斜率较小而高温阶段的斜率较大 ,转折温度约为 30 1℃ .表明从 2 5℃起分子链就开始收缩 ,到 30℃以上时升温对收缩的促进更显著 .     

EFFECT OF RADIATION ON HIGH-CHARGE-DENSITY POLYDIALLY-DIMETHYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE IN DILUTE AQUEOUS SOLUTION

The effect of radiation on high-charge-density cationic polymer, polydiallyl-dimethyl ammonium chloride (poly-DADMAC), in dilute aqueous solution was investigated. The irradiated samples were characterized in terms of reducedviscosity and electric conductivity. The crosslinking reaction of polyDADMAC chains occurs preferentially in the irradiatedsamples at a concentration of polyDADMAC higher than 1.3 g/100 mL that was induced indirectly by the OH radicals, oneof the radiolysis products of water. In more dilute samples (less than 0.8 g/100 mL) the chain scission of macro radicalsappears to be the main reaction. N_2O atmosphere enhances the crosslinking due to the extra OH radicals produced byreaction between N_2O and e_(aq), another radiolysis products of water. Methanol and some mineral salts such as KCl, KBr inhibit the crosslinking to a certain extent. The mechanism of sensitization and inhibition is discussed in detail.     

STUDY ON POLYPHENYLSILSESQUIOXANE''''S SHAPE IN DILUTE SOLUTION

Based on relations between the limiting viscosity number, the translational diffusion coefficient and the molecular weight, the shape of polyphenylsilsesquioxane (PPSQ) in dilute solution was simulated with different models. It is found that the oblate ellipsoid of revolution and free-draining random coil are two suitable models, showing that PPSQ is a polymer with rigid chains, and its shape is closer to sphere due to chain branching rather than flexibility.     

PROPERTIES OF A NEW STATE OF HEMATOPORPHYRIN IN DILUTE AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Abstract —Dilute aqueous hematoporphyrin undergoes a transformation after standing at room temperature leading to a shift of the Soret peak from 395 nm to 405 nm, disappearance of visible bands I (610 nm) and IV (503 nm), a shift of the first emission band from 615 nm to 580 nm, and fluorescence polarization at room temperature. The transformation was accelerated by heating and was faster for more dilute solutions. It did not take place in ethanol, 99:1 glycerol-water, or in small egg lecithin liposomes. It was rapid in SDS micelles and did not occur in CTAB and Triton X-100 micelles. Low concentrations of divalent zinc and copper increased the rate of transformation, but the product was not the corresponding metal ion ligand. The transformation was fast with uroporphyrin I and fast but incomplete with hematoporphyrin derivative. The methyl esters of hematoporphyrin IX and uroporphyrin I did not transform. The tentative identification of the transformed product is a tightly-bound linear micelle, oriented such that the central hydrogens of the free base monomer units are anti-parallel.     

黄原胶在水溶液中构象的研究

本文用GPC法研究了水溶液中黄原胶的构象及构象的变化。指出在低离子强度下,黄原胶主要是以多分子缔合状态而存在,少量以单分子状态而存在。缔合状态下的黄原胶分子呈分段的双股螺旋构象。     

疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺的合成及溶液性能研究

水溶性疏水缔合聚合物是在聚合物亲水主链上引入极少量疏水基团(一般小于2ｍｏｌ%)而形成的一种新型水溶性聚合物[1]。由于这类聚合物具有独特的流变性能,因而备受学术界和工业界关注。目前已作为涂料增稠剂[2]和流变改性剂[3]得到了应用,而通过在部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(ＨＰＡＭ)的亲水主链上引入少量疏水单体而形成的疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺(ＨＡＰＡＭ)则可望克服ＨＰＡＭ耐温、耐盐性差的缺陷[4]而作为新一代水溶性聚合物材料用于油气开采作业[5,6]。由于亲水单体和疏水单体的不相容性,通常通过在反应溶液中加入表面活性剂使亲水单体和疏水单体…     

VISCOSITY BEHAVIOR OF LACQUER POLYSACCHARIDE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

The dependence of measured viscosity on NaCl concentration (0.1 to 3.0M), pH (range of 2—13) and cadoxen composition w_(cad) (from 2% to 100%) for the lacquer polysaccharide in NaCl/cadoxen/H_2O mixture containing HCl or without were obtained. All the viscosity exponents γin the Mark-Houwink equations under three different solvent condition arc close to 0.5. The w_(cad) dependence of reduced viscosity ηsp/c confirms the single strand chain of the polysaccharide. As the γvalues close to 0.5 and values of unperturbed dimension _θ/M and [η] much smaller than those for usual linear polymers, these facts suggest that the polysaccharide chains in the aqueous solutions should be dense random coil owing to the highly branched structure.     

平菇多糖稀溶液行为的研究

平菇多糖属生物高分子, 文章对平菇多糖稀溶液性质进行了研究。实验系采用Elias浊点滴定法测定平菇多糖溶液的θ组成, 用快速动态膜渗透计和粘度法测定平菇多糖的数均分子量、维利系数与分子链的构型参数。探讨其在θ条件下的分子形态及用Tung函数法等处理分级数据, 从而获得平菇多糖的分子量分布。     

VISCOSITY BEHAVIOR OF PS／TOLUENE SOLUTION IN DILUTE AND EXTREMELY DILUTE CONCENTRATION REGION

The influences of both the volume of PS/toluene solution in the Ubbelohde viscometer and the precision of the time measuring on the viscosity behavior in dilute and extremely dilute concentration region are investigated. It was found that the influence of the former can neglect, but that of the latter is so prominent that the data fluctuate bitterly and linearity of the curve of the reduced viscosity vs. concentration (ηsp/c-c) becomes too bad to obey the Huggins equation down to the extremely dilute region, despite the error of the flow times Δt≤0.2s, which is permitted by the conventional method of viscosity measurement. Through strict mathematical analyses, it was found that the error (E) of the reduced viscosity is in proportion and inverse propor tion to Δt and concentration c, respectively. So the less the concentration, the more the error is. Consequently, a lowest concentration limit cL corresponding to given experimental error may exist and it will be meaningless for further operation below CL because of the great fluctuation of the data. Therefore, it needs to seriously reconsider the application of the conventional method of Ubbelohde viscosity measurement in the extremely dilute polymer solution under traditional conditions because of the great influence of the experimental error.     

VISCOSITY BEHAVIOR OF PS/TOLUENE SOLUTION IN DILUTE AND EXTREMELY DILUTE CONCENTRATION REGION

1.INTRODUCTIONAsearlyas1950sitwasfoundthatsolutionviscosityofasinglepolymerinextremelydiluteconcentrationregionusuallyrevealssomeabnormalities,i.e.,thereducedviscosityconcentration(hsp/c~c)curvesdeviatefromlinearrelationshippredictedasHugginsequationandshoweitheranupwardoradownwardturnasconcentrationisverylow[1].Evenifforthe[()-0.2()]identicalPMMA/toluenesolution,therearetwocontraryresults:onereportedthecurvebendsupward[2],whiletheotherfounditdownward[3].Inordertointerpretthisabnormalphe…