基于液芯光纤的激光诱导荧光检测装置的研制及应用

描述了一种激光诱导荧光检测装置。该装置的核心是由低折射率的聚四氟乙烯空心管和流动水溶液构成的液芯光纤,激光作为激发光垂直的照射液芯光纤,光纤内的荧光物质产生的发射光在液芯光纤内发生反射。CCD检测器在液芯光纤的一端对发射光进行检测。应用该装置利用Cu离子催化H2O2氧化罗丹明B(Rh B)造成荧光猝灭对Cu2 进行检测。在线性范围0.4~4μg/L内得到的检出限为0.022μg/L。该方法具有较高的灵敏度,重要原因是CCD的检测消除了液芯光纤中散射的激光的干扰。相比于昂贵的商业荧光仪,本装置能得出更好的检测结果。     

高温液体实时分子光谱测量装置

主要报导自行与制作的高温实时分子光谱测量装置。它主要在红外光谱仪和激光拉曼光谱仪的基础上加设了一套实时高温红外光学泵浦采集系统和样品高温加热炉。该装置可用于研究高温晶体生长过程中母液相的结构以及固 -液相转变过程中结构的变化。     

时间分辨激光荧光光谱分析技术研究——Ⅱ.微秒级时间分辨激光荧光光谱测量

本文主要以进行稀土元素分析为目的,在已建立的激光荧光寿命测量装置的基础上,建立了时间分辨激光荧光光谱测量装置。结合在此装置上取得的初步实验结果,对装置的原理、特点、使用范围、工作条件进行了讨论。为进行稀土元素的时间分辩激光荧光光谱分析建立了必要的手段,也为某些发光材料的发光动力学研究提供了一定的方法。     

激光热透镜光谱分析法*

激光热透镜光谱法是20世纪80年代发展起来的一种光热光谱分析技术。该法以其高灵敏度、低检出限以及适应于微、少量样品分析等特点引 分析工作者的极大兴趣。本文从测量装置、理论、痕量无机物和有机物测定以及与其它分析技术的联用等方面对1990年以来激光热透镜光谱分析法的进展作了较为详细的综述。     

高效毛细管电泳－电荷耦合器件检测器联用技术研究 Ⅳ．激光诱导荧光检测装置及与普通光源装置的比较

本文报道利用电荷耦合器件检测器、氩离子激光器等设备，组装成的激光诱导多波长荧光检测毛细管电泳装置。并与普通钨灯光源组成的装置进行比较，表明激光诱导荧光检测装置具有更高的灵敏度、分辨率和分离效率。     

激光作用氮化铝产生的铝原子簇正负离子

为了继续关于ⅣA与ⅤA族元素二元原子簇的研究,我们最近选取了AlN为样品,在自制的装置上记录了其激光等离子体中正负离子的质谱.该装置的原理与构造已有另文介绍.实验时的激光波长是532nm,作用在样品上的激光功率密度有10~7W·cm~(-2).仪器可以同时记录正负离子的飞行时间质谱.图1所示的正负离子的质谱由连续200次采集的数据叠加而成。     

高效毛细管电泳—电荷耦合器件检测器联用技术研究：Ⅵ.激光诱导…

本文报道利用电荷耦合器件检测器、氩离子激光器等设备，组装成的激光诱导多波长荧光检测毛细管电泳装置。并与普通钨灯光源组成的装置进行比较，表明激光诱导荧光检测装置具有更高的灵敏度、分辨率和分离效率。     

红外多光子离解——小分子碰撞多光子离解

目前,最有前途的激光分离同位素方法仍是多原子分子在强红外场作用下选择性无碰撞多光子离解。有关该方法的原理、装置、测试和动力学过程已有评述。现在利用这种方法分离同位素已进入工业规模研究。对于较大     

激光在电化学中的应用（Ⅰ）

本文是激光在电化学中应用的综述第一部分,简要介绍激光电化学的特点、历史和有关实验装置;综述激光在电沉积、电聚合、电极材料改性、表面刻蚀、电化学吸脱附、控制电化学反应、光电化学开关与信息存储等方面的应用。     

上海崛起世界最密大科学装置群

今年夏天,能拍摄"分子电影"的软X射线自由电子激光装置,将有望得到第一束自由电子激光;超强超短激光装置,将于年内完成挑战瞬时输出功率10×1015 W的"世界纪录",上海光源二期线站也在紧锣密鼓地建设中。算上已经建成的国家蛋白质科学中心、已经开工的活细     

多场耦合作用下光热敏感介电凝胶的力电耦合变形行为

介电弹性体在电场作用下将产生形变,为获得高的变形能,需对介电弹性体施以较强的电场,而强电场的施加可能诱发力电耦合失稳导致失效。针对光热敏感介电凝胶力电耦合变形行为,基于热力学和连续介质力学理论建立力电耦合变形模型,分析了光强、温度以及预拉伸对光热敏感介电凝胶力电耦合变形行为的影响,结果表明:无预拉伸时,随着电场强度的增大,光热敏感介电凝胶最终发生力电失稳,光强越小、温度越低发生力电失稳时的临界电压越高;预拉伸可显著改善力电稳定性,施加等双轴预拉伸后,凝胶厚度方向的伸长率显著变小,电场强度随电位移增大而线性增大,未出现力电失稳现象。     

An agar-microchamber cell-cultivation system: flexible change of microchamber shapes during cultivation by photo-thermal etching

A new type of cell-cultivation system based on photo-thermal etching has been developed for the on-chip cultivation of living cells using an agarose microchamber array. The method can be used to flexibly change the chamber structure by photo-thermal etching, even during the cultivation of cells, depending upon the progress in cell growth. We used an infrared (1064 nm) focused laser beam as a heat source to melt and remove agar gel at the heated spot on a thin chromium layer. The melting of the agar occurred just near the chromium thin layer, and the size of the photo-thermally etched area depended almost linearly on the power of the irradiated laser beam from 2 microm to 50 microm. Thus by using photo-thermal etching with adequate laser power we could easily fabricate narrow tunnel-shaped channels between the microchambers at the bottom of the agar-layer even during cell cultivation. After 48 h of cultivation of nerve cells, the nerve cells in two adjacent chambers made fiber connections through the fabricated narrow tunnel-shaped channels. These results suggest that photo-thermal etching occurred only in the area where an absorbing material was used, which means that it is possible to photo-thermally etch lines without damaging the cells in the microchambers. The results also suggest that the agar-microchamber cell cultivation system in combination with photo-thermal etching can potentially be used for the next stage of single cell cultivation including the real-time control of the interaction of cells during cell cultivation.     

网状骨架CVD生长碳纳米管用于重盐水脱盐

目前,太阳能海水淡化领域通过光子管理、纳米尺度热调控、开发新型光热转换材料、设计高效光吸收太阳能蒸馏器等方法实现了界面太阳能驱动蒸汽生成,这种绿色、可持续的脱盐技术已成为近年来的研究热点。碳基材料如碳纳米管、石墨烯、炭黑、石墨等都有涵盖整个太阳光光谱的光吸收能力,是一类新型的光热转换材料。本文通过对材料进行微结构设计,使用化学气相沉积(CVD)技术,在不锈钢网状骨架上生长碳纳米管形成光热转换活性区,以实现高效光吸收、光热转换,并进一步设计了房屋型太阳能蒸发器,其中盐水表面被微米网状-碳纳米管蒸发膜覆盖,利用光热转换过程产生的热量驱动重盐水中的水蒸发产生水蒸气,最后对水蒸气进行冷凝回收实现脱盐。实验结果表明,当光照强度为1个太阳光(1 kW·m~(-2))时,膜表面温度迅速升高并稳定于84.37°C,对于重盐水(100 g·L~(-1) NaCl)的脱盐率达到99.92%,可实现稳定持续的重盐水脱盐。这种方法可用于构建多孔界面光热转换脱盐系统,对设计界面光蒸汽转化膜材料及器件,实现规模化海水淡化具有重要的意义。     

MnOx/g-C3N4光热协同催化净化NO的性能增强和反应机理

许多研究表明, MnOx和g-C3N4均有催化氧化NO的活性, 并且探索了它们各自的转化机理. 然而, MnOx/g-C3N4复合材料的光热催化机理仍然是一个未解决的问题. 我们通过室温沉淀法直接合成不同摩尔比的MnOx/g-C3N4, 并发现其表现出良好的光热协同催化氧化NO的性能. MnOx/g-C3N4催化剂在g-C3N4表面含有不同价态的MnOx. 通过原位红外光谱在60 ℃下研究了紫外-可见光诱导的MnOx热催化NO的机理以及MnOx/g-C3N4光热协同催化NO的机理. 结果表明, 光照对MnOx热催化NO的过程几乎没有影响, 但对MnOx/g-C3N4光热协同催化NO产生积极作用并且形成重要的催化循环机制. 具体过程是光生电子(e-)转移到MnOx上参与光热协同的还原循环(Mn4+→Mn3+→Mn2+), 且低价Mn离子易给出电子(e-)与光生空穴(h+)相结合而诱导逆向的循环(Mn2+→Mn3+→Mn4+), 使活性氧空位再生. 通过MnOx(Mn4+/Mn3+/Mn2+)变价而产生的活性氧(O-)可将中间产物(NOH和N2O2-)氧化为终产物(NO2-和NO3-). 这将为开发更好的净化NOx的催化剂提供重要的指导意义. XRD表征结果表明, MnOx/g-C3N4复合催化剂的结晶度较低. TEM和XPS表征结果表明, g-C3N4表面含有多种低结晶度的MnOx, 主要含有MnO, MnO2和Mn2O3. 此外, 通过对比MnOx和1:5 MnOx/g-C3N4催化净化NO的XPS结果, 发现反应后的MnOx含有大量Mn-Nitrate且Mn3+和Mn4+大幅度减少; 同时, 反应前后1:5 MnOx/g-C3N4的Mn2+, Mn3+和Mn4+的含量变化微弱. BET-BJH测试结果显示, MnOx/g-C3N4复合催化剂的比表面积和孔容均高于纯g-C3N4. UV-Vis DRS测试结果显示, MnOx/g-C3N4复合催化剂显示了良好的可见光吸收能力. 紫外-可见光催化去除NO的测试结果表明, 1:5 MnOx/g-C3N4(44%)的光催化活性明显高于MnOx(28%)和g-C3N4(36%). ESR测试结果表明, 参与反应的主要活性物种为·O2-自由基. EPR测试结果表明, 1:5 MnOx/g-C3N4的氧空位明显多于MnOx, 丰富的活性氧空位更有利于电子的迁移且促进Mnn+(n = 2, 3和4)的变价而诱导O2分子形成活性氧(O-). 以上结果清晰地表明1:5 MnOx/g-C3N4表现出不同的理化特性.可见光催化氧化NO的原位红外光谱表明, 光照前后MnOx催化氧化NO的过程没有明显的变化, 表明其属于典型的热催化过程, 综合上述表征结果发现MnOx的氧缺陷是Mnn+(n = 3和4)变价的活性位点, 可诱导O2产生活性氧催化氧化NO为硝酸盐吸附在MnOx上; 光照前后1:5 MnOx/g-C3N4催化氧化NO的过程有明显不同, 光照前主要表现为g-C3N4表面MnOx的热催化过程, 而光照后1:5 MnOx/g-C3N4为光热协同催化NO的过程. 具体过程是g-C3N4的光生电子(e-)转移到MnOx上参与光热协同的还原循环(Mn4+→Mn3+→Mn2+), 且低价Mn离子易给出电子(e-)与光生空穴(h+)相结合而诱导逆向的循环(Mn2+→Mn3+→Mn4+)使活性氧空位再生. 通过MnOx(Mn4+/Mn3+/Mn2+)变价而产生的活性氧(O-)可将中间产物(NOH和N2O2-)氧化为终产物(NO2-和NO3-).     

Banana split: biomass splitting with flash light irradiation

Biomass splitting into gases and solids using flash light irradiation is introduced as an efficient photo-thermal process to photo-pyrolyze dried natural biomass powders to valuable syngas and conductive porous carbon (biochar). The photo-thermal reactions are carried out in a few milliseconds (14.5 ms) by using a high-power Xenon flash lamp. Here, dried banana peel is used as a model system and each kg of dried biomass generates ca. 100 L of hydrogen and 330 g of biochar. Carbon monoxide and some light hydrocarbons are also generated providing a further increase in the high heating value (HHV) with an energy balance output of 4.09 MJ per kg of dried biomass. Therefore, biomass photo-pyrolysis by flash light irradiation is proposed as a new approach not only to convert natural biomass wastes into energy, such as hydrogen, but also for carbon mitigation, which can be stored or used as biochar.

Biomass splitting into gases and solids using flash light irradiation is introduced as an efficient photo-thermal process to photo-pyrolyze dried natural biomass powders to valuable syngas and conductive porous carbon (biochar).     

Three-dimensional porous photo-thermal fiber felt with salt-resistant property for high efficient solar distillation

The urgent need for fresh water resource is a public issue facing the world. Solar distillation for seawater desalination is a promising freshwater production method. Interfacial solar evaporation systems based on 2D photo-thermal membranes have been widely studied, but salt pollution is one of the main challenges for solar distillation. In order to solve this problem, a hydrophilic three-dimensional (3D) porous photo-thermal fiber felt (PFF) was obtained by one-step method, through a simple polydopamine (PDA) coating method with hydrophobic graphite felt as a substrate. The PFF had a good evaporation rate of 1.48 kg m^?2 h^-1 and its corresponding light-vapor conversion efficiency reached 87.4%. In addition, the PFF exhibited an excellent salt-resistant ability when applied to photo-thermal evaporation of high-salinity seawater with 10 wt% NaCl, owing to its intrinsic 3D macroporous structure for the migration circulation of salt ions. The development of the PFF offers a new route for the exploration of salt-resistant photo-thermal materials and is promising for the practical application of solar distillation.     

Stepwise pattern modification of neuronal network in photo-thermally-etched agarose architecture on multi-electrode array chip for individual-cell-based electrophysiological measurement

We have developed a procedure for stepwise topographical control of network patterns and neurite connection directions between adjacent living neurons using an individual-cell-based on-chip multi-electrode array (MEA) cell cultivation system with an agarose microchamber (AMC) array. This procedure enables flexible and precise control of the cell positions and easy and flexible control of the pattern modification of connections between the cells in AMCs through stepwise photo-thermal etching in which a portion of the agarose layer on the chip is melted with a 1480 nm infrared laser beam even during cultivation. With adequate laser power and this stepwise procedure, we can fabricate narrow micrometer-order grooves (microchannels) during cultivation in a stepwise manner. Using this procedure, we controlled the direction of elongation of axons and dendrites selectively and confirmed the direction by immunostaining. We also demonstrated electrophysiological one-way transmission of signals among aligned hippocampal neurons in which the directions of the neurite connections were controlled using this stepwise photo-thermal etching procedure. These results demonstrate the potential of full direction control of neurite connections between neurons using stepwise photo-thermal etching to form microchannels one by one in an on-chip AMC/MEA cell cultivation system. We can thus better understand the meaning of neuronal network patterns and connection directions.     

Plasmonic Titanium Nitride Tubes Decorated with Ru Nanoparticles as Photo-Thermal Catalyst for CO2 Methanation

Photo-thermal catalysis has recently emerged as a viable strategy to produce solar fuels or chemicals using sunlight. In particular, nanostructures featuring localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) hold great promise as photo-thermal catalysts given their ability to convert light into heat. In this regard, traditional plasmonic materials include gold (Au) or silver (Ag), but in the last years, transition metal nitrides have been proposed as a cost-efficient alternative. Herein, we demonstrate that titanium nitride (TiN) tubes derived from the nitridation of TiO₂ precursor display excellent light absorption properties thanks to their intense LSPR band in the visible–IR regions. Upon deposition of Ru nanoparticles (NPs), Ru-TiN tubes exhibit high activity towards the photo-thermal CO₂ reduction reaction, achieving remarkable methane (CH₄) production rates up to 1200 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction pathway is dominated by thermal effects thanks to the effective light-to-heat conversion of Ru-TiN tubes. This work will serve as a basis for future research on new plasmonic structures for photo-thermal applications in catalysis.     

硫化铜空心球的合成和生长机理及其在抗肿瘤中的应用

以Cu(NO_3)_2·3H_2O,H_2C_2O_4和Na_2S·9H_2O为原料,利用简易水热方法合成了笼状硫化铜空心球。所得产物用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)进行了表征,并研究了其可能的形成机理。所得CuS空心球具有较高的光热转换性能,在近红外光辐照下,对肿瘤细胞具有明显的光热毒性。     

Evidence of Kinetically Relevant Consistency in Thermal and Photo-Thermal HCOOH Decomposition over Pd/LaCrO3/C3N4 Composite

Photo-thermal catalysis has been an attractive alternative strategy to promote chemical reactions for years, however, how light cooperates with thermal energy is still unclear. We meet this demand by exploring reaction mechanism via pressure dependency studies as well as H/D exchange experiments with HCOOH decomposition as a probe over a palladium nanoparticle (Pd_n) and isolated Pd (Pd₁) decorated LaCrO₃/C₃N₄ composite catalyst, in which the H₂ formation rate shows a first-order dependence on HCOOH and inverse first-order dependence on CO partial pressures no matter the reaction was driven by thermal or photo-thermal energy. Additionally, negligible kinetic isotopic effects (KIEs: k_H/k_D) were determined under both dark and light conditions at 1.04 and 1.18 when the HCOOH was replaced by HCOOD. Besides, when the reactant HCOOH was further replaced by DCOOD, the KIE values of 1.55 (dark) and 1.92 (light) were obtained, which indicates that the HCOOH decomposition follows kinetically relevant (KR) of C−H bond rupture within HCOOH molecule under both thermal and photo-thermal reaction conditions and the catalytic surface was found to be densely covered by CO based on the pressure dependency studies as well as the in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Clearly, the HCOOH decomposition driven by thermal and photo-thermal energy follows the same reaction mechanism. Nevertheless, light induced hot electrons and the derived thermal effect do cause the enhancement of the reaction activity in some circumstances compared with bare thermal catalysis, which clarifies the confusion on cooperation mechanism of photo and thermal energies from the kinetic perspective. Hot electrons induced by photo-illumination was confirmed by in situ FTIR CO chemisorption with ∼10 cm⁻¹ redshift identified of the CO feature once light was introduced. Meanwhile, the photo thermal reaction system suffers from severe electron-hole re-combination at high reaction temperatures and make the thermal effect of photo irradiation dominant with respect to the effect at low reaction temperatures. This research provides insight to the mechanism on how photo-thermal reaction works and draws attention to the photo-thermal reaction process in boosting catalytic activity.