地铁隧道竖井位置优化数值模拟研究

考虑通风竖井对地铁内热湿环境及压力变化的影响,进一步优化地铁内竖井的位置,本文采用移动网格和滑移交界面技术分别对竖井位于列车加速段、匀速段和减速段进行三维非稳态数值计算.结果表明,采用移动网格技术对无竖井隧道模拟计算结果与国外试验吻合,竖井位于列车匀速段内且靠近车站出站端能有效地利用列车活塞作用排除地铁内热量,能有效减小入口断面最大压力和压力梯度,但出口断面产生最大压力和压力梯度.综合考虑竖井对地铁内通风及空气动力学效应的影响,竖井应考虑列车运行模式,设置于列车匀速行驶区间段内且靠近车站出站端.     

高速列车穿越有竖井隧道流场的特性研究

给出了高速列车穿越隧道压力波的三维粘性流场数值模拟过程,控制方程为三维粘性、可压缩、等熵和非定常流的Navier-Stokes方程,空间离散采用了中心有限体积法格式,时间采用预处理二阶精度多步后差分格式进行离散,对隧道壁面采用壁面函数处理。在模拟中考虑了竖井的位置、竖井的断面积、竖井的数目等因素对隧道内压力及压力梯度的影响。计算结果表明,竖井的存在改变了压缩波的波前形状,从而使得隧道内的压力变化的最大值降低,因而能够降低隧道内的压力梯度最大值,但它并不能延长压力上升的时间。     

竖井开挖的不稳定性和岩爆的力学机制

基于稳定性理论和弹塑性厚壁筒的解析解,研究了竖井开挖过程的平衡路径,并将屈服后的井壁压力--位移平衡路径曲线应用到围岩的稳定性分析.研究表明,竖井围岩的不稳定及其岩爆的发生不仅取决于岩石材料应力应变全过程曲线的峰后特性,还取决于竖井开挖过程对应的平衡路径曲线的类型.平衡路径曲线能够描述围岩结构加载屈服后的力学行为.平衡路径的曲线形状只可能有两种类型,一种曲线上的点都处于稳定的平衡状态,虽有塑性变形的累积,但不会失稳崩落;另一种曲线则发生极值点型井壁失稳并伴有位移突跳.竖井开挖过程的平衡路径曲线是判定围岩岩爆发生的关键因素.极值点型失稳和位移突跳是均质围岩中岩爆可能发生的一种力学机制.      

用频率法测试一端固支另一端自由压杆的临界载荷

针对用频率法测定一端固支一端自由的杆件临界压力时,对杆件自由端的特殊约束要求,设计了一种双杆对称加载夹持装置,使杆件在承受轴向载荷作用的同时,仍然能够满足产生横向自由振动的条件。利用该装置进行频率法实验,得到了接近欧拉解的临界压力测试结果。结合实验数据分析,探讨了将频率法用于一端固支一端自由的压杆临界压力测试时,轴向压和轴向拉两种加载方式的适应性。     

同轴圆柱壳流固耦合附加质量研究

论文根据堆本体内窄间隙同轴设备支承筒的结构特征、边界条件和窄间隙环腔内流体流速,将结构简化为一端固定一端自由的同轴圆柱壳,将圆柱壳内外的流体简化为无旋、无黏、不可压缩流体.同轴圆柱壳通过流体压力场实现耦合,其径向位移模态决定了窄间隙流体域的压力场,故采用级数形式的圆柱壳径向正交位移模态构建既满足一端固定一端自由边界条件...     

旁撑对一端支承一端自由压杆长度系数的影响

本文讨论了旁撑对一端支承一端自由的压杆长度系数的影响，并给出了简单的计算公式，供设计者参考。     

用直接法计算压杆大挠度及临界荷载的实测

本文根据文献[1]提供的一端固定一端自由压杆的弹性线方程,采用分段法导出一端固定一端铰支压杆的大挠度方程的解法.与文[1]不同的是本文可用直接解法.计算机计算结果与文[1]采用逆解法所求的相同.文中导出五种边界条件下实测临界荷载的统一公式.     

INSTABILITY OF SHAFT EXCAVATION AND MECHANISM OF ROCKBURST

基于稳定性理论和弹塑性厚壁筒的解析解,研究了竖井开挖过程的平衡路径,并将屈服后的井壁压力--位移平衡路径曲线应用到围岩的稳定性分析.研究表明,竖井围岩的不稳定及其岩爆的发生不仅取决于岩石材料应力应变全过程曲线的峰后特性,还取决于竖井开挖过程对应的平衡路径曲线的类型.平衡路径曲线能够描述围岩结构加载屈服后的力学行为.平衡路径的曲线形状只可能有两种类型,一种曲线上的点都处于稳定的平衡状态,虽有塑性变形的累积,但不会失稳崩落;另一种曲线则发生极值点型井壁失稳并伴有位移突跳.竖井开挖过程的平衡路径曲线是判定围岩岩爆发生的关键因素.极值点型失稳和位移突跳是均质围岩中岩爆可能发生的一种力学机制.     

石家庄地区某场地不同取样方法获取土样的对比分析

采取原状土样是工程勘察中的重要环节,不同的取样方法对土样质量的影响不同。一般认为竖井中采取的大块土样,是"真正"的原状样,钻孔中使用取土器采取的原状样存在不同程度的扰动。在钻孔中采用不同的取样方法,土样受到的扰动程度也不一样。笔者通过对钻孔两种方法获取的土样与竖井土样试验数据的对比发现,钻孔取样对土样有明显的扰动和压密作用,造成了土的干密度增大、孔隙比减小、渗透系数降低、压缩模量增大。同时发现,钻孔快速冲入取样质量略好于上部击入取样质量。为保证工程安全,对常规钻孔取样试验成果的使用应当慎重,对重要工程宜采用探坑、竖井取样,或采用双筒薄壁取土技术。     

金川二矿区14行风井再加固方案的可行性研究

金川二矿区14行风井破坏返修后,新井筒上部又出现了两条较大的近水平的裂缝,对此,进一步提出对返修后井筒的再加固方案。本文结合金川矿山地表岩移GPS监测结果,采用数值模拟的方法,对再加固方案的可行性进行了论证。结果表明,实施浅部的加固措施并没有改变竖井受采动影响的程度,更未实现预期的加固效果。继而对加固锚索施加预应力来检验加固方案本身的适应性,发现加固前后竖井井壁位移和应力的大小、分布也没有明显变化。可见,对于采动影响区内的竖井,采取单纯浅部加固的方案并无效果。最后,综合考虑14行风井破坏的原因、前期加固方案存在的问题和岩移趋势,提出了进一步加固措施的建议。     

特殊地质灾害对井筒的破坏及对策

从工程地质学角度分析了由于采矿活动所引起的特殊地质条件下的表土变形 ,以及因表土变形而产生的竖向摩擦力和倾复力对井筒的破坏作用。提出在矿井设计与施工中应特别重视工程地质问题及井筒治理的对策。     

Dynamic instability of axially loaded shafts in the Mathieu map

It is shown that the Mathieu eigenvalues can be straightforwardly utilized to study the instability regions of an axially loaded simply supported shaft, the shaft being modeled as a continuous rotating beam. When a harmonic axial load is taken into account, the equation of motion of the system, here written according to the Lagrangian formulation of continuous systems, proves to be the Mathieu equation. It follows that the conditions for the stable or unstable motion of the shaft can be graphically investigated once the operation line corresponding to an actual rotating shaft is drawn in the Mathieu map.     

Numerical and experimental analysis of a continuous overhung rotor undergoing vibro-impacts

This work aims in obtaining the transient response of an overhung rotor undergoing vibro-impacts due to a defective bearing. An overhung rotor clamped on one end, with a flywheel on the other and impacts occurring in between, due to a bearing with clearance, is considered. The variation of this system, popularly known as the Jeffcot rotor, has been considered in previous works, but there, the system has been reduced to a single degree of freedom for ease of analysis. In this work the system is modeled as a continuous rotor including gyroscopic effects and the governing partial differential equations are set up and numerically solved. The method of assumed models is used to discretize the system in order to solve the partial differential equations (PDE) by partially decoupling them and solving numerically. These partially decoupled equations are more accurate and less time consuming than the ones produced by finite elements or other numerical schemes. The most important step in the success of this method is the selection of suitable modes for decoupling the system. It is not simply enough to select orthonormal modes for decoupling the PDEs, but care must be taken to select the modes as close to the actual system as possible. Using this method numerical experiments are run and representative results are presented. The different numerical issues involved are also discussed. An experimental setup was also built to run experiments and validate the results. In the setup a defective bearing is introduced at the flywheel end of the shaft to create radial impacts on the shaft. Laser sensor non-contact probes are used to measure the displacement of the shaft a specified locations. Experimental observations show satisfactory qualitative agreement when compared to the numerical integrations.     

A simple spinning laminated composite shaft model

A simple spinning composite shaft model is presented in this paper. The composite shaft contains discrete isotropic rigid disks and is supported by bearings that are modeled as springs and viscous dampers. Based on a first-order shear deformable beam theory, the strain energy of the shaft are found by adopting the three-dimensional constitutive relations of material with the help of the coordinates transformation, while the kinetic energy of the shaft system is obtained via utilizing the moving rotating coordinate systems adhered to the cross-sections of shaft. The extended Hamilton’s principle is employed to derive the governing equations. In the model the transverse shear deformation, rotary inertia and gyroscopic effects, as well as the coupling effect due to the lamination of composite layers have been incorporated. To verify the present model, the critical speeds of composite shaft systems are compared with those available in the literature. A numerical example is also given to illustrate the frequencies, mode shapes, and transient response of a particular composite shaft system.     

Dynamic stability and bifurcation of a nonlinear in-extensional rotating shaft with internal damping

In this paper, stability and bifurcations in a simply supported rotating shaft are studied. The shaft is modeled as an in-extensional spinning beam with large amplitude, which includes the effects of nonlinear curvature and inertia. To include the internal damping, it is assumed that the shaft is made of a viscoelastic material. In addition, the torsional stiffness and external damping of the shaft are considered. To find the boundaries of stability, the linearized shaft model is used. The bifurcations considered here are Hopf and double zero eigenvalues. Using center manifold theory and the method of normal form, analytical expressions are obtained, which describe the behavior of the rotating shaft in the neighborhood of the bifurcations.     

深厚表土中煤矿立井非采动破裂的研究

本文介绍了近年来我国华东矿区深厚表土层中煤矿立井井壁非采动破裂的特点。分析了井壁破裂的工程地质条件，研究了井壁与土接触面上土─混凝土作用变形和强度参数，并将该接触面视为接触面单元，用弹塑性有限元法，模拟了深厚表土底部含水层失水时土与井壁的相互作用，得到了井壁附加应力随深度和含水层水头降的变化规律，分析了井壁稳定性，揭示了井壁破裂的内在机理。     

采动影响下井筒壁后岩体空间附加应力变化规律

本文较为详细地介绍了某矿井筒应力观测情况。得出了井筒壁后岩体空间附加应力随工作面推进的变化规律。观测结果表明 :井筒上部壁后岩体在铅垂方向上受张应力影响 ,而井筒底部壁后岩体应力的大小和性质与工作面的布置方式、开采顺序以及井筒与工作面的相对位置有关。     

Two-mode combination resonances of an in-extensional rotating shaft with large amplitude

In this paper, two-mode combination resonances of a simply supported rotating shaft are investigated. The shaft is modeled as an in-extensional spinning beam with large amplitude. Rotary inertia and gyroscopic effects are included, but shear deformation is neglected. The equations of motion are derived with the aid of the Hamilton principle and then transformed to the complex form. The method of harmonic balance is applied to obtain analytical solutions. Frequency-response curves are plotted for the combination resonances of the first and the second modes. The effects of eccentricity and external damping are investigated on the steady state response of the rotating shaft. The loci of saddle node bifurcation points are plotted as functions of external damping and eccentricity. The results are validated with numerical simulations.     

Extension of Lagrangian–Hamiltonian mechanics for continuous systems—investigation of dynamics of a one-dimensional internally damped rotor driven through a dissipative coupling

In this paper, the extended Lagrangian formulation for a one-dimensional continuous system with gyroscopic coupling and non-conservative fields has been developed. Using this formulation, the dynamics of an internally and externally damped rotor driven through a dissipative coupling has been studied. The invariance of the extended or so-called umbra-Lagrangian density is obtained through an extension of Noether’s theorem. The rotor shaft is modeled as a Rayleigh beam. The dynamic behavior of the rotor shaft is obtained and validated through simulation studies. Results show an interesting phenomenon of limiting behavior of the rotor shaft with internal damping beyond certain threshold speeds which are obtained theoretically and affirmed by simulations. It is further observed that there is entrainment of whirling speeds at natural frequencies of the rotor shaft primarily depending on the damping ratio.     

FRP加固梁的FRP-混凝土界面脱胶分析

为了研究纤维增强聚合物(fiber reinforced polymer, FRP) 加固梁的FRP-混凝土界面脱胶破坏过程,本文将混凝土梁和FRP 板均视为线弹性的欧拉-伯努利梁(Euler-Bernoulli beams), 且两者通过粘结层胶结在一起. 对于FRP-混凝土结构,有两种形式的脱胶破坏：板端脱胶破坏和跨中裂缝导致的脱胶破坏.对于FRP-混凝土梁,利用合理的粘结模型按第2 种脱胶失效形式,详细讨论了FRP-混凝土界面的脱胶过程,得到了不同阶段的胶结滑移、界面剪应力和FRP 轴向力的解析解. 实验研究验证了理论分析的结果,参数研究进一步探讨了胶结长度和粘结层厚度对于FRP-混凝土界面脱胶行为的影响.