Measurement of dense plasma temperature of the shock-compressed silicon

Measurements of the brightness temperature and compressibility of a dense silicon plasma formed by powerful shock waves (SWs) passing through a single-crystal sample have been carried out. Plane SWs were created using an explosive technique: the traditional plane acceleration of a steel driver plate made it possible to obtain pressures in silicon up to 133 GPa, and the use of “Mach” cumulative generators realized the pressures up to 510 GPa. The shock Hugoniot of silicon was determined by the impedance matching with α-quartz as the reference. The intensity of emitted thermal radiation was measured in the infrared range λ ∼ 1.5 μm, where silicon is optically transparent, and in the visible range of the spectrum. A significant (up to five times) understatement of the measured values of the brightness temperature in comparison with the values calculated by the equation of state was found. Taking into account the reflective properties of the SW in silicon does not lead to an agreement with the experiment. The estimates of relaxation processes behind the shock front suggest the presence of a zone of the establishment of ionization equilibrium with a width of ∼10 μm.     

Measurement of density, temperature, and electrical conductivity of a shock-compressed nonideal nitrogen plasma in the megabar pressure range

Kinematic and thermodynamic parameters of shock-compressed liquid nitrogen are measured behind the front of a plane shock wave using plane wave and hemispherical shock wave generators. In these experiments, high values of compression parameters (shock-compressed hydrogen density? ≈ 3.25 g/cm³ and temperature T≈ 56000 K at a pressure of P ≈ 265 GPa) are attained. The density, pressure, temperature, and electrical conductivity of the nonideal plasma of shock-compressed liquid nitrogen are measured. A nearly isochoric behavior of the nitrogen shock adiabat is observed in the pressure range P = 100–300 GPa. The thermodynamics of shock-compressed nitrogen is an alyzed using the model of the equation of state in the quasi-chemical representation (SAHA code) as well as the semiempirical wide-range equation of state developed at the Institute of Experimental Physics. Experimental results are interpreted on the basis of calculations as the fixation of the boundary of transition of shock-compressed nitrogen from the polymer phase to the state of a strongly nonideal plasma at P ≈ 100 GPa, ? ≈ 3.4 g/cm³.     

Evidence of short-range screening in shock-compressed aluminum plasma

We have investigated the angular variation in elastic x-ray scattering from a dense, laser-shock-compressed aluminum foil. A comparison of the experiment with simulations using an embedded atom potential in a molecular dynamics simulation shows a significantly better agreement than simulations based on an unscreened one-component plasma model. These data illustrate, experimentally, the importance of screening for the dense plasma static structure factor.     

Dynamics of the interaction between plasma flows generated by a miniature magnetoplasma compressor and a target

Spectroscopic studies of compression plasma flows generated by a miniature magnetoplasma compressor and of the shock compressed plasma layer formed near a target surface exposed to these flows are reported. The peak electron temperature and density are found to be 3 eV and 1.2⋅10¹⁶ cm⁻³, respectively, in the compressor flow and 4.5 eV and 6.7⋅10¹⁶ cm⁻³ in the shock compressed layer.     

The investigation of the optics of shock-compressed strongly correlated plasma

Rare gas plasmas at high temperatures and pressures, produced by explosive shock fronts, are explored using laser diagnostics. The analysis of the response of a dense plasma to an electromagnetic wave of moderate-intensity proves successful for investigating properties and the validity of physical models describing the behaviour of dense and non-ideal plasmas. We present new experimental data for the reflectivity of oblique incidence of polarized electromagnetic waves on the front of shock-compressed xenon plasmas. The optical properties of strongly correlated plasma were studied in the near-infrared and green spectral regions at a plasma mass density ρ = 0.83 g/cm³ and temperature T = 32900 K. The spatial parameters of the plasma transition shock-front layer are determined by solving numerically the electromagnetic field equations.     

等离子体针放电的振动温度和气体温度研究

大气压等离子体针空气放电产生的低温等离子体由于脱离了真空装置,在工业上具有广泛的应用前景。本文采用等离子体针装置在空气中产生了稳定的大气压等离子体羽,并利用光谱法对等离子体羽的振动温度和气体温度进行了研究。结果发现大气压空气等离子体羽的放电区域分为强光区和弱光区。放电发光信号是宽度为几个微秒的脉冲。研究结果表明等离子体振动温度随空间位置不同在2 500～3 000K范围变化。振动温度在强光区随着远离针尖距离的增大振动温度呈上升趋势,在5mm左右存在极大值,在弱光区随着远离针尖距离的增大振动温度呈下降趋势。与其相似,弱光区放电的气体温度随着远离针尖距离增大,从640K降低到540K。这些结果对大气压空气放电的工业应用具有重要意义。     

Measurement of temperature of a dusty plasma from its configuration

A new concept called “configurational temperature” is introduced in the context of dusty plasma, where the temperature of the dust particles submerged in the plasma can be measured directly from the positional information of the individual dust particles and the interaction potential between the dust grains. This method does not require the velocity information of individual particles, which is a key parameter to measure the dust temperature in the conventional method. The technique is initially tested using two-dimensional (2D) OpenMP parallel molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation and then compared with the temperature evaluated from experimental data. The experiment have been carried out in the Dusty Plasma Experimental (DPEx) device, where a 2D stationary plasma crystal of melamine formaldehyde particles is formed in the cathode sheath of a DC glow discharge argon plasma. The kinetic temperature of the dust is calculated using the standard particle image velocimetry technique at different pressures. An extended simulation result for the three-dimensional case is also presented, which can be employed for the temperature measurement of a three-dimensional dust crystal in laboratory devices.     

Electron density and electron temperature in a neon plasma generated by 20-MeV protons

The electron density and the electron temperature in a plasma, produced by irradiation of a neon gas with a beam of 20-MeV protons, has been studied. Various neon densities in the range from 1.5×10²³m^-3 to 6.3×10²⁴m^-3 and proton beam currents from 3 nA to 6 μA have been taken. By repeatedly pulsing the proton beam, such conditions were set up that the electron density was determined from the time dependence of the intensity of recombination-induced line radiation during the afterglow. From the relevant measurements it followed that the total cross-section for primary and secondary ionization of neon by 20-MeV protons is (1.7±0.3)×10^-21m². By comparing the observed time dependence of recombination-induced line radiation with the results obtained from a numerical model it could be concluded that the electron temperature in a plasma produced by a continuous proton beam of 6 μA in neon of density 6.3×10²⁴m^-3, be three times as high as the gas temperature (room temperature). This could be ascribed to the energy transfer of fast secondary electrons to the bulk electrons in the plasma. Finally, the relative production in the plasma of 1s states and the relative population of 2p states obtained by the dissociative recombination process is measured for neon of density 3.7×10²⁴m^-3 at room temperature.     

靶材吸收率变化与烧蚀过程熔融前靶材温度分布

讨论了脉冲激光沉积法中烧蚀阶段熔融前靶材吸收率的变化对于其温度分布的影响. 给出了靶材吸收率随时间的变化规律，并在此基础上，利用较为符合实际的高斯分布表示脉冲激光输入能量密度，建立了相应的热传导方程. 结合适当的边界条件，利用有限差分法，以硅靶材和钨靶材为例，给出了靶材熔融前温度分布随时间和深度变化的演化分布规律，同时对相关过程的物理图像进行详细的讨论.对于吸收率的变化与脉冲激光能量密度的分布对于相应过程的影响，进行了分析讨论. 结果表明，在脉冲激光中间的持续过程中，忽略靶材吸收率的变化对于最终的模拟结果有重要影响，从而导致理论结果与实验数据有较大差异. 关键词： 脉冲激光沉积 吸收率 有限差分 温度演化     

Measurement of low electronic temperature in weakly magnetized plasma

The measurement of low electronic temperature by radiofrequecy quadrupole probe has been obtained in weakly magnetized argon plasma. The comparison with the experimental results in unmagnetized plasma confirm that the probe act as an interferometer for the electrostatic waves.     

Elastic-plastic deformation and fracture of shock-compressed single-crystal and polycrystalline copper near melting

The Hugoniot elastic limit, the yield strength, and the spall strength of polycrystalline M1 copper and single-crystal (110) and (111) copper are determined during shock compression up to 8 GPa in the temperature range 20–1080°C from an analysis of the free-surface velocity profiles recorded with VISAR laser velocimeter. The measurements show that all copper samples exhibit strong athermal hardening (increase in the Hugoniot elastic limit) near the melting temperature. Copper single crystals have a very low elastic limit in the temperature range up to 600°C, this limit increases sharply as the temperature increases to 1000°C, and it depends on the crystallographic orientation of a single crystal. The temperature dependence of the spall strength has a threshold character for all copper samples. Copper single crystals demonstrate higher resistance to spall fracture; however, near the melting temperature, the difference between the spall strengths of the copper single crystals and M1 copper becomes insignificant, 50% of the initial level.     

应用高温计测量氩等离子体温度

应用多通道辐射高温计测量了冲击产生的氩等离子体的温度,并与理论计算结果进行了比较.测量结果与Saha方程加Debye-Huckel修正模型的计算结果符合较好.     

氪激光等离子体X射线谱研究

在"星光-Ⅱ"激光装置上,聚焦1.06 μm激光束于真空室内氪气体喷射靶上,产生氪元素激光等离子体.用PET(2d＝0.8742 nm)平晶谱仪测量了氪激光等离子体5.25～7.55 范围的X射线发射谱.基于准相对论多组态理论,考虑了CI作用和Breit修正,采用COWAN程序计算了氪的类C到类Mg离子3-2和4-2共振跃迁波长和跃迁几率.16条氪的类N至类F离子 - 共振线得到辨识和归类.本工作对于积累氪元素离子谱线数据具有重要的意义.     

脉冲高能准分子激光烧蚀块靶产生等离子体的动力学过程的差分模拟

 利用质量连续性、动量守恒和能量守恒这三个基本方程,研究高能脉冲激光照射块状靶材产生等离子体的物理特性。采用差分法和Pichard迭代法,求解带特定边界条件的流体力学三方程,得出已喷射等离子体的温度、密度和速度的分布的迭代方程,并用计算机进行了数值模拟。     

��ǿ������ƽ�污ĤCu���໥�����е���������ʵ���о�

实验研究了超强激光与平面薄膜Cu靶的相互作用中,在靶背法线方向产生的离子能量分布.实验中采用固体核径迹探测器CR39和Thomson谱仪相结合测量离子能谱.实验中同时测量到了质子和C4+、C3+、C2+和C1+离子.实验结果表明:离子沿着靶背法线方向发射,离子在一定能量处出现截断;在固体核径迹探测器CR39上可以看出碳离子信号比质子信号弱,质子的产额远高于碳离子,质子对碳离子有屏蔽作用;在相同发次中C4+、C3+、C2+和C1+离子随着荷质比的增大,相应离子的截止能增加.     

等离子体源离子注入过程中半圆形碗状样品的两维温度分布

等离子体源离子注入过程(PSII)中样品温度是一个非常重要的参量。由于注入到样品上的能量很大，导致样品温度很高，所以在实验中获知样品的温度分布有着很重要的意义。本文利用热传导方程建立了半圆形碗状样品内部温度升高模型，研究样品内温度演化过程。以注入离子束流作为能量输入项，热辐射为能量损失项，并考虑了热辐射过程中样品的形状因子的影响。考察了离子注入过程中样品上所施加负偏压的脉冲宽度和频率对样品温度分布的影响。研究结果显示，脉冲频率达到一定值后，样品温度不再随频率增加而升高。