AlF3包覆LiNi0.45Mn0.45Co0.10O2锂离子电池正极材料的结构表征和 电化学性能研究

通过共沉淀与固相反应法制备层状的LiNi0.45Mn0.45Co0.10O2, 并利用X射线衍射(XRD)和电子扫描显微镜(SEM)测定材料的结构和形貌. 在2.5～4.5 V范围内, 以0.1 C (28 mA•g－1)放电, LiNi0.45Mn0.45Co0.10O2正极材料的起始放电容量达到167.2 mAh•g－1, 但循环性能较差. 当采用AlF3包覆后, 材料的循环性能得到明显改善. 利用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术探索AlF3包覆对正极材料的电化学性能改善机理, 实验结果表明: AlF3包覆层能够阻止电解液对正极材料的溶解和侵蚀, 稳定其层状结构, 同时降低了电极界面阻抗. 因此AlF3包覆技术是一种改善LiNi0.45Mn0.45Co0.10O2材料电化学性能的有效方法和工具.     

正极材料LiNi0.45Co0.1Mn0.45O2的制备与性能

正极材料LiNi0.45Co0.1Mn0.45O2的制备与性能;正极材料; 溶胶凝胶合成法; 电化学性能; 锂离子电池     

氢氧化物共沉淀法制备LiMn0.45Ni0.45Co0.1O2正极材料的反应条件

通过氢氧化物共沉淀法制备了Mn0.45Ni0.45Co0.1(OH)2, 研究了反应条件对产物形貌特征的影响, 重点研究了F-离子对产物形貌特征、振实密度的影响. 利用前述产物通过高温固相合成法制备了高密度的LiMn0.45Ni0.45Co0.1O2和LiMn0.45Ni0.45Co0.1O1.96F0.04正极材料, 并研究了F元素掺杂对循环性能的影响. 结果表明, 在沉淀体系中加入F-, 可以改善产物的形貌特征和振实密度. SEM 测试结果表明, 产物具有良好的形貌; XRD测试表明, 产物具有良好的层状结构, 无杂质相存在. 在充放电电压区间为2.8-4.4 V, 电流密度为30 mA·g-1 时, LiMn0.45Ni0.45Co0.1O2和LiMn0.45Ni0.45Co0.1O1.96F0.04首次放电容量均为157 mAh·g-1, 经过50 次循环, 放电容量保持率分别为72.6%和86.0%, F元素的掺杂可以明显改进材料的循环性能.     

YF3包覆Li(Li0.22Ni0.17Mn0.61)O2正极材料的性能

富锂层状氧化物作为锂离子电池正极材料具有高比容量优势.采用草酸盐共沉淀法制备Li(Li0.22Ni0.17Mn0.61)O2,并用YF3包覆电极.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱分析(EDS)表征材料结构、观察材料形貌.结果表明,材料颗粒尺寸在100～200 nm范围,YF3包覆不会改变材料结构和形貌.电化学恒流充放电测试表明,YF3包覆Li(Li0.22Ni0.17Mn0.61)O2电极的比容量,尤其倍率比容量明显提高.60 mA·g-1电流密度下包覆电极材料30周循环后其比容量保持在220 mAh·g-1以上,1500 mA·g-1电流密度下其比容量仍可达150 mAh·g-1.电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试结果表明,YF3包覆电极电荷转移电阻和扩散阻抗均明显降低,有利于电化学性能改善.     

锂离子电池正极材料Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54-x)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)Zr_xO_2的制备及电化学性能

为了改善富锂锰基正极材料Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2的循环性能,采用燃烧法合成了正极材料Li1.2Mn0.54-xNi0.13Co0.13ZrxO2(x=0.00,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.06).通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其结构与形貌进行了表征,利用恒电流充放电测试,循环伏安(CV)及电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)技术对其电化学性能进行测试.结果表明,Li1.2Mn0.54-xNi0.13Co0.13ZrxO2(x=0.00,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.06)正极材料均具有α-NaFeO2型层状结构;在室温,2.0-4.8 V电压范围,以0.1C和1.0C(充放电电流以1.0C=180 mA·g-1计算)倍率充放电进行测试,样品Li1.2Mn0.52Ni0.13Co0.13Zr0.02O2的首次放电比容量分别为280.3和206.4 mAh·g-1.其中,在1.0C倍率下,100次循环后容量保持率由原来的73.2%提高到88.9%;以5.0C倍率充放电进行测试,经50次循环后,掺杂正极材料的放电比容量为76.5 mAh·g-1,而未掺杂材料仅有15.0 mAh·g-1.在50、25和-10°C,2.0C倍率条件下,掺杂正极材料的电化学性能均得到有效改善,其中,在-10°C经过50次循环后正极材料Li1.2Mn0.52Ni0.13Co0.13Zr0.02O2比未掺杂的正极材料相比,其放电比容量提高了61.1%.     

锌掺杂提高LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料的电化学稳定性

通过共沉淀法与固相法相结合制备了掺锌的高稳定性Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)1-xZnxO2(x=0,0.02,0.05)正极材料.循环伏安(CV)曲线表明Zn掺杂使氧化峰与还原峰的电势差减小到0.09 V,电化学阻抗谱(EIS)曲线表明Zn掺杂使电极的阻抗从266Ω减小到102Ω. Li+嵌入扩散系数从1.20×10-11 cm2·s-1增大到2.54×10-11 cm2· s-1. Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)0.98Zn0.02O2正极材料以0.3C充放电在较高的截止电压(4.6 V)下比其他两种材料的电化学循环性能更稳定,其第二周的放电比容量为176.2 mAh·g-1,室温下循环100周后容量几乎没衰减;高温(55°C)下充放电循环100周,其放电比容量平均每周仅衰减0.20%,远小于其他两种正极材料(LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2平均每周衰减0.54%;Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)0.95Zn0.05O2平均每周衰减0.38%). Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)0.98Zn0.02O2正极材料以3C充放电时其放电比容量可达142 mAh·g-1,高于其他两种正极材料.电化学稳定性的提高归因于Zn掺杂后减小了电极的极化和阻抗,增大了锂离子扩散系数     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2的制备及其电化学性能

以Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2(2)和Li2CO3为原料,在空气气氛中,经过高温热处理工艺制备了高结晶度的锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(1)。正交试验确定最佳工艺条件为:2 0.3 mol,n(Li):n(2)=1.2,于950℃反应13 h。电化学性能研究结果表明,在2.7 V～4.6 V,电流密度16 mA.g-1时,1的首次放电比容量为203.4 mAh.g-1;经16 mA.g-1循环2次,32 mA.g-1循环9次,80 mA.g-1循环20次后放电比容量为164.1 mAh.g-1。     

xLi2MnO3-(1-x)LiNi0.7Co0.3O2的低温燃烧合成及电化学性能研究

采用低温燃烧法合成了锂离子电池正极材料xLi2MnO3-(1-x)LiNi0.7Co0.3O2,对合成产物的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行了系统的研究,通过单因素试验对合成条件和材料的组成进行了优化。结果表明:采用低温燃烧法合成的富锂层状正极材料具有α-NaFeO2型层状结构、球状形貌和良好的电化学性能;其最佳合成条件为:回火温度850℃,回火时间20 h;Li2MnO3的最佳配比为x=0.7。在此条件下合成的0.7Li2MnO3-0.3LiNi0.7Co0.3O2,最高放电比容量达到263.1 mAh.g-1,并具有良好的循环性能和倍率性能。     

Li4Mn5O12包覆对三元正极材料结构和性能的影响

LiNi(1/3)Mn(1/3)Co(1/3)O2具有很高的理论比容量,但是三元正极材料在高电压下长循环时,其表面结构发生较大的衰退,导致电池的循环性能和倍率性能变差。本文采用耐高电压且结构稳定的富锂尖晶石Li4Mn5O(12)包覆LiNi(1/3)Mn(1/3)Co(1/3)O2可以有效改善材料的电化学性能。通过XRD、SEM、XPS和TEM等手段对包覆后的材料进行分析,证实了在LiNi(1/3)Mn(1/3)Co(1/3)O2的表面形成了10nm厚的均匀Li4Mn5O(12)的包覆层;在循环100圈后,包覆后的LiNi(1/3)Mn(1/3)Co(1/3)O2仍具有179.5m Ah/g的放电比容量和88.6%容量保持率,明显高于未包覆的LiNi(1/3)Mn(1/3)Co(1/3)O2的78.3%容量保持率。因此,利用富锂尖晶石Li4Mn5O(12)包覆LiNi(1/3)Mn(1/3)Co(1/3)O2为实现更高能量密度的锂离子电池提供了新的途径。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2的合成及其高温容量衰减研究

采用共沉淀-高温固相烧结法合成了富镍型三元复合正极材料LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2.恒流充放电测试表明,材料在3.0～4.4 V下0.2C放电容量达到179.2 mAh.g-1,但在55℃下经历100次充放电循环后发生急剧的容量衰减.电化学交流阻抗谱、X射线光电子能谱和原子发射光谱等实验表明,在高温高电压下,电解液与LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2电极材料之间的副反应加剧,导致过渡金属原子溶出,该材料局域结构被破坏.同时,电极材料表面还沉积了高阻抗的LiF/MFx层,使得在电极的充放电过程中电荷转移阻抗和Li+扩散阻抗不断增加,以致电池容量急剧衰减.     

Preparation and Optical Characterization of Sol-Gel Deposited Pb(Zr0.45Ti0.55)O3 Films

Homogeneous crack-free lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr_0.45Ti_0.55)O₃: PZT 45/55) films were prepared by a chemically modified sol-gel process using lead acetate trihydrate, zirconium n-propoxide, and titanium isopropoxide precursors. The coating solutions were modified by the addition of diethanolamine. Single and multilayer films were deposited with a 2000 rpm spin rate on fused silica and MgO(100) substrates. Multiple spin coating with an intermediate heat treatment in air at 400°C for 3 min between coatings was performed to obtain films up to 2 m in thickness. The formation of the tetragonal perovskite structure was found to depend on the intermediate firing temperature, final annealing temperature, and annealing time. A 650°C rapid thermal annealing treatment in oxygen was required to crystallize the PZT film into the perovskite structure. The films were characterized using optical spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermo-gravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The optical constants of the PZT films were evaluated from spectral transmittance and reflectance measurements. Optical constants are presented over the visible and near infrared region.     

Thermodynamic functions for U0.45Pu0.55N

Enthalpy increments of U_0.45Pu_0.55N were measured in the temperature range of 1025–1775 K by inverse drop calorimetry using a high temperature differential calorimeter. The enthalpy increments were fitted to a polynomial in temperature and the heat capacity, entropy and Gibbs energy functions were computed. The results are presented and discussed in comparison with literature data.     

MnOx/Al2O3/Ce0.45Zr0.45M0.10Oy （M = Mn, Y, La） catalysts used for ethanol catalytic combustion

MnOx/Al2O3/Ce0.45Zr0.45M0.10Oy (M = Mn,Y,La) catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by BET,TPR and XRD analyses.The catalytic activities toward ethanol combustion were investigated in a microreactor.The results demonstrated that the catalytic activity of MnOx/Al2O3/Ce0.50Zr0.50O2 monolithic catalyst could be improved by doping Mn,Y and La into Ce0.50Zr0.50O2.When doping Y into Ce0.50Zr0.50O2,the catalyst MnOx/Al2O3/Ce0.45Zr0.45Y0.10O1.95 showed the highest activity.The 100% conversion temperature of ethanol was 230 ℃.Furthermore,once the conversion of ethanol started,the complete conversion was quickly achieved.The doping of Mn,Y and La led to better activity for ethanol combustion and lower temperature reduction peaks in TPR profiles.The doping of Mn resulted in enhanced oxygen storage capacity (OSC),larger area of the reduction peaks,and excellent reactivity,and the doping of Y resulted in the lowest reduction temperature and the best activity.     

Ce0.45Zr0.45Y0.07La0.03O1.95/La-Ba-Al2O3质量比对整体式铁基催化剂上稀薄甲烷燃烧的影响

采用共沉淀法和胶溶法分别制备了高性能的储氧材料Ce0.45Zr0.45Y0.07La0.03O1.95(OSM)和耐高温高比表面的La-Ba-Al2O3,并以它们为载体,制备了一系列整体式铁基催化剂.考察了该系列催化剂对甲烷稀薄燃烧的催化性能.并用低温N2吸附-脱附,储氧量(OSC)测试,X射线衍射(XRD)和H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等测试手段考察了不同Ce0.45Zr0.45Y0.07La0.03O1.95/La-Ba-Al2O3质量比对催化剂特性的影响.活性测试结果表明,当Ce0.45Zr0.45Y0.07La0.03O1.95/La-Ba-Al2O3质量比为1:1时新鲜和老化催化剂的活性均最好,新鲜催化剂可在50000h-1的高空速条件下使含量为1%(体积分数)的甲烷在446℃起燃,553℃完全转化;低温氮气吸附-脱附测试结果和H2-TPR表明,不同的Ce0.45Zr0.45Y0.07La0.03O1.95/La-Ba-Al2O3质量比使催化剂表现出不同的织构性能和还原性能;XRD测试结果表明,OSM以均一固溶体存在,Fe高度分散在载体上.综合以上表征手段得出:合适的Ce0.45Zr0.45Y0.07La0.03O1.95/La-Ba-Al2O3质量比导致催化剂具有优异的稀薄甲烷催化燃烧活性和热稳定性.     

Cu-doped NaCu0.05Fe0.45Co0.5O2 as promising cathode material for Na-ion batteries: synthesis and characterization

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - In this work, Cu-doped NaFe0.5Co0.5O2 was easily prepared by a one-step solid-state reaction and studied the effect of copper salt precursors including...