桥连对嵌段共聚物自组装的调控

通过嵌段共聚物自组装形成"桥连"是制备具有优异力学性能的网络结构的有效途经,具有重要的应用价值.但是,过去的研究工作很少讨论"桥连"对嵌段共聚物自组装行为本身的影响.该研究评论主要总结了最近几年利用"桥连"对嵌段自组装行为进行调控的工作进展.作者设计了BABCB三组分线性多嵌段共聚物,当其自组装形成二元"介观晶体"(球、柱)结构时,中间B嵌段连接A和C相区(嵌段聚集成的"大原子"),自然地形成桥连;减小中间桥连B嵌段的相对长度,就可以增加其拉伸程度,从而降低介观晶体的配位数;另外,两个末端B嵌段的相对长度可以直接调控A和C"大原子"之间的相对配位数.基于这两个机理,自洽场理论计算预测了各种配位数相等和不相等的二元介观晶体结构.进一步,将"拉伸桥连"概念拓展到AB型嵌段共聚物体系中,并且通过多臂星型嵌段共聚物分子结构中的"组合构型熵效应"在AB型嵌段共聚物中形成高比率的桥连构型,使传统的六角柱状结构转变为了四配位的四方柱状和三配位的石墨烯类柱状结构.未来,在ABC三组分嵌段共聚物体系的设计中引入拓扑结构以及使用共混等方法,有望在介观尺度重铸大多数已知的原子/离子二元晶体结构,甚至超越原子...     

对称AB两嵌段共聚物在均聚物C中的自组装

通过自洽平均场理论计算,对对称AB两嵌段共聚物在均聚物C中形成的胶束进行了研究. 在C对A、B组分没有选择性相互作用的情况下,我们观察到了两嵌段共聚物所形成的胶束形状为各向异性的、由间隔A/B层相区构成的类椭球结构. 我们系统考察了胶束的长短径之比与胶束体积、组分间相互作用、均聚物长度之间的关系. 结果表明,当固定组分间相互作用时,胶束的长短径之比随体积变大而减小;当体积增大至一临界值,胶束层数增加,长短径之比发生突变并增大. 给定胶束的结构和体积,增加两嵌段共聚物的不相容性,胶束长短径之比增加并且最终趋于平缓;当固定相互作用及胶束体积时,均聚物的长度越小,长短径之比越大.     

基于非共价键作用的二嵌段共聚物/均聚物超分子体系的自组装行为

采用实空间求解的自洽场理论,研究了两亲性二嵌段共聚物(AB)/均聚物(C)超分子体系在溶液中的自组装行为,其中B疏水嵌段的自由末端与C均聚物的一个末端形成可逆的非共价键.在稀溶液中,AB/C超分子聚合物体系通过自组装形成了一系列不同形貌的胶束,如核-壳-冠的三层胶束和蠕虫状胶束等.研究发现,胶束形貌受到非共价键强度和初...     

AB型聚乙二醇单甲醚-聚(L-丙氨酸)嵌段共聚物自组装过程的核磁共振研究

利用核磁共振方法研究了AB型双嵌段共聚物(MPEG45-b-PA32)在选择性溶剂中的自组装行为及胶束化过程.嵌段共聚物在三氟乙酸中聚氨基酸和聚乙二醇链段均处于自由运动状态,聚丙氨酸链段为无规线团结构.在向该溶液中逐渐加入氘代水的过程中,聚丙氨酸链段又重新聚集形成规整的二级结构.结合1H-NMR和COSY谱分析,结果显示这一自组装过程伴随着聚(L-丙氨酸)链段由无规线团向α-螺旋结构的构象转变,同时嵌段共聚物逐渐形成核-壳型胶束结构.利用透射电镜观察了所形成胶束的形态,嵌段共聚物主要形成粒径150 nm到220 nm的球形胶束.     

球壳受限下非对称两嵌段共聚物自组装行为的Monte Carlo模拟研究

采用Monte Carlo模拟方法研究了受限在球壳中的非对称两嵌段共聚物的自组装行为,发现球壳边界与少组分嵌段间的弱排斥作用有利于少组分嵌段形成贯通壳体的多支化柱状结构,且贯穿柱状结构的形成不依赖球壳厚度.然而当球壳厚度很薄时,无论边界对嵌段共聚物有无相互作用,少组分嵌段均可形成与壳面垂直并贯通壳体的规整柱状结构.通过对球壳中嵌段共聚物链取向的分析,给出了球壳厚度及球壳边界与少组分嵌段间排斥作用对柱状结构在球壳中取向的影响规律.     

聚苯乙烯-b-聚丙烯酸/聚苯乙烯在水中的自组装及胶束尺寸的研究

利用动态光散射、透射电镜研究了嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯 b 聚丙烯酸(PS b PAA)与均聚物聚苯乙烯(PS)在选择性溶剂水中的自组装行为.由于均聚物PS与PS嵌段具有相同的结构单元,均聚物PS参与胶束的形成,和嵌段共聚物的PS链段一同组成胶束的核;在适当的均聚物分子量和含量条件下,PS b PAA PS可以自组装形成单分散的纳米胶束;通过改变体系中均聚物PS的分子量和含量可在较大范围内调变胶束的尺寸.     

PS-PMMA嵌段共聚物/PMMA在选择性溶剂中的自组装行为

用动态光散射和透射电镜研究了嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PS-b-PMMA)和其对应的均聚物聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)在选择性溶剂四氢呋喃/环己烷(THF/CYH)中的自组装行为.选择性溶剂对PS嵌段是良溶剂,对PMMA嵌段和均聚物PMMA是非良溶剂,实验结果表明,在适当的分子量及组成条件下,PS-PMMA/PMMA在选择性溶剂中形成了单分散的纳米胶束,均聚物PMMA与PMMA嵌段一同形成了胶束的核,通过控制均聚物PMMA的量可以在较大的范围内调整胶束的尺寸.     

在平行板受限条件下AB两嵌段共聚物/纳米粒子复合物自组装行为的Monte Carlo模拟

采用Monte Carlo模拟方法研究了在平行板受限条件下A_(15)B_5非对称两嵌段共聚物与纳米粒子复合物的自组装行为,其中平行板对多组分嵌段A具有吸引相互作用.模拟结果表明,纳米粒子在两嵌段共聚物/纳米粒子复合物中的体积分数、嵌段共聚物不同嵌段与纳米粒子间的相互作用均对体系在平行板受限条件下的形貌结构及纳米粒子在体系中的分布有重要影响.当平行板间距一定时,未添加纳米粒子的A_(15)B_5非对称两嵌段共聚物中的A嵌段被吸附在平行板上形成层状相,而B嵌段则在平行板中形成六角堆积穿孔层状结构.加入与A嵌段不相容而与B嵌段相容的纳米粒子后,增加了纳米粒子与B嵌段的相容性,有利于保持B嵌段所形成的穿孔结构及孔洞尺寸,同时纳米粒子能够均匀地分散在B相区中.当引入的纳米粒子与A和B两嵌段均不相容时,降低纳米粒子与嵌段共聚物的不相容性同样有利于维持体系的穿孔结构.当纳米粒子与AB两嵌段共聚物间的排斥作用微弱时,即使含量较高,纳米粒子也不聚集,并且均匀分布在A相区与B相区的交界处.     

PLGA-PEG共聚物负载多西紫杉醇的药物输运体系的计算机模拟

采用耗散粒子动力学模拟的方法研究了抗癌药物输运体系多西紫杉醇与聚乙丙交酯与聚乙二醇的共聚物(PLGA-PEG)的自组装形态, 考察了共聚物浓度、共聚物组成和药物含量等对自组装形态的影响. 模拟结果表明, 不同浓度的PLGA-PEG能够和多西紫杉醇自组装成球状、柱状、层状等结构; 一定的浓度下, 亲水的PEG嵌段将疏水的PLGA嵌段包裹起来形成核壳结构, 可用于疏水药物输运应用. 在比较低的浓度下, 不同组成的PLGA-PEG均会形成球状核壳结构, PEG嵌段较多时壳层较厚核尺寸较小, PLGA嵌段较多时核的尺寸较大但壳层较薄, 综合考虑载药量和稳定性, 模拟结果中PEG嵌段的摩尔分数为60%即PLGA₄₀-PEG₆₀作为载体时性能较佳. 药物的含量对自组装结构也有影响, 药物含量较小时形成球状结构, 药物含量较大时, 则会形成柱状结构. 对PLGA₄₀-PEG₆₀体系, 模拟结果显示药物、聚合物和水的最佳配比为5:10:90. 本工作可为共聚物载药体系的设计与开发提供参考.     

双亲半柔性两嵌段共聚物在溶液中自组装形态的模拟退火研究

针对一系列疏溶剂嵌段与溶剂间的相互作用,用模拟退火方法研究了双亲半柔性两嵌段共聚物在溶液中的自组装形态.模拟结果显示共聚物在溶液中均形成核-壳聚集体,其中疏溶剂嵌段形成聚集体的核,亲溶剂嵌段形成聚集体的壳.当上述相互作用较小时,核呈球形,而壳如同长在核上的刺.随着上述相互作用的增大,核逐渐增大.在较大的相互作用时,核呈柱形;而随着相互作用的加大,长在核上的刺逐渐伏贴于核表面.在更大的相互作用时,核又呈球状,壳伏贴于核表面.     

COMPUTER SIMULATION OF MISCIBILITY AND SELF-ASSEMBLY STRUCTURE FOR POLYMER-CONTAINING SYSTEMS WITH SPECIAL INTERACTIONS

The miscibility and structure of A-B copolymer/C homopolymer blends with special interactions were studied by aMonte Carlo simulation in two dimensions. The interaction between segment A and segment C was repulsive, whereas it wasattractive between segment B and segment C. In order to study the effect of copolymer chain structure on the morphologyand structure of A-B copolymer/C homopolymer blends, the alternating, random and block A-B copolymers were introducedinto the blends, respectively. The simulation results indicated that the miscibility of A-B block copolymer/C homopolymerblends depended on the chain structure of the A-B copolymer. Compared with alternating or random copolymer, the blockcopolymer, especially the diblock copolymer, could lead to a poor miscibility of A-B copolymer/C homopolymer blends.Moreover, for diblock A-B copolymer/C homopolymer blends, obvious self-organized core-shell smicture was observed inthe segment B composition region from 20% to 60%. However if diblock copolymer composition in the blends is less than40%, obvious self-organized core-shell structure could be formed in the B-segment component region from 10 to 90%.Furthermore, computer statistical analysis for the simulation results showed that the core sizes tended to increasecontinuously and their distribution became wider with decreasing B-segment component.     

一种含乙氧羰基偶氮苯液晶三嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP),合成了一种含有乙氧羰基偶氮苯的液晶三嵌段共聚物,并合成了一种同样偶氮生色团的均聚物进行对比.均聚物(PC6ET)由偶氮单体甲基丙烯酸{6-[4-(4-乙氧羰基苯基偶氮)苯氧基]己酯}(C6ET)的ATRP反应制备.嵌段共聚物的合成,先通过聚环氧乙烷(PEO)和过量的2-溴异丁酰溴、三乙胺反应,得到双端大分子引发剂(Br-PEO-Br);再进一步通过C6ET的ATRP反应,得到了三嵌段共聚物(PC6ET-PEO-PC6ET).热分析、偏光显微镜观察和X射线衍射实验证实,合成的均聚物和嵌段共聚物均为近晶型液晶聚合物.三嵌段共聚物的液晶清亮点比均聚物的稍低.     

Copolymer Adsorption on Planar Chemically Heterogeneous Substrates: The Interplay between the Monomer Sequence Distribution and Interaction Energies

We use a three‐dimensional self‐consistent field model to study the adsorption of A‐B copolymers from A‐B copolymer/A homopolymer blends on planar substrates comprising two chemically distinct regions C and D. The interplay between the spatial distribution of the surface chemical heterogeneities and the monomer sequence distribution in the copolymer is examined for diblock (A‐B), triblock (A‐B‐A), inverted triblock (B‐A‐B), and alternating (A‐alt‐B) copolymers. Our results demonstrate that when the chemically heterogeneous motifs on the substrate are detected by the copolymer adsorbing segments, the copolymers can transcribe them with high fidelity into three dimensions. The way the surface pattern gets transferred is dictated by the monomer sequence distribution. We show that relative to alternating copolymers, block copolymers are generally better at capturing the chemical pattern shape and transcribing it into the polymer mixture. Moreover, block copolymers with shorter adsorbing blocks are capable of better recognizing the substrate motifs. In order to address the interplay between the monomer sequence distribution in the copolymer and the interaction energies, we systematically vary the repulsion between A and B, and the attraction between B and D. Our calculations reveal that increasing i) the interaction between the copolymer adsorbing segments (B) and the “sticky” points at the substrate (D), and/or ii) the repulsion between the copolymer segments (A and B) increases the total amount of the copolymer adsorbed at the mixture/substrate interface, and decreases (increases) the fidelity of the substrate chemical pattern recognition by compositionally symmetric (asymmetric) copolymers.     

Synthesis and characterization of shell cross-linked micelles with hydroxy-functional coronas: a pragmatic alternative to dendrimers?

Shell cross-linked (SCL) micelles with hydroxy-functional coronas have been constructed in aqueous solution by exploiting the micellar self-assembly behavior of a new thermoresponsive ABC triblock copolymer. This copolymer was prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization in a convenient one-pot synthesis and comprised a thermoresponsive core-forming poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) block, a cross-linkable central poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (DMA) block, and a hydroxy-functional outer block based on poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (GMA). DMF GPC analysis confirmed a unimodal molecular weight distribution for the PPO-PDMA-PGMA triblock copolymer precursor, with an M(n) of 12 100 and a polydispersity of approximately 1.26. This copolymer dissolved molecularly in aqueous solution at 5 degrees C but formed micelles with hydroxy-functional coronas above a critical micelle temperature of around 12 degrees C, which corresponded closely to the cloud point of the PPO macroinitiator. Cross-linking of the DMA residues using 1,2-bis(2-iodoethoxy)ethane produced SCL micelles that remained intact at 5 degrees C, i.e., below the cloud point of the core-forming PPO block. Dynamic light scattering studies confirmed that the SCL micelle diameter could be varied depending on the temperature employed for cross-linking: smaller, more compact SCL micelles were formed at higher temperatures, as expected. Since cross-linking involved quaternization of the DMA residues, the SCL micelles acquired cationic surface charge as judged by aqueous electrophoresis studies. These cationic SCL micelles were adsorbed onto near-monodisperse anionic silica sols, which were used as a model colloidal substrate. Thermogravimetric analyses indicated a SCL micelle mass loading of 2.5-4.4%, depending on the silica sol diameter and the initial micelle concentration. Aqueous electrophoresis measurements confirmed that surface charge reversal occurred after adsorption of the SCL micelles, and scanning electron microscopy studies revealed a uniform coating of SCL micelles on the silica particles.     

Synthesis and characterization of ABA triblock copolymers containing poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) as A blocks and tetramethyl bisphenol-A polysulfone as B blocks

α, β-Bis(hydroxyphenol) tetramethyl bisphenol-A polysulfone (PSUT) was synthesized by two different methods, one using a strong base, the other using a weak base. The bifunctional polysulfone containing tetramethyl bisphenol-A chain ends was exploited as a model telechelic that can be used for the preparation of ABA triblock copolymers containing poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) as A segments and PSUT as B segments. PSUT and PPO were incorporated into triblock copolymers by an oxidative coupling copolymerization of PSUT with 2,6-dimethylphenol or by the redistribution of PPO in the presence of PSUT. The mechanism of block copolymerization is discussed. DSC studies indicate that short immiscible PPO and PSUT segments incorporated into a triblock copolymer do not exhibit phase separation. Polymer blends of the PPO–PSUT–PPO triblock copolymers with PPO homopolymer were analyzed by DSC. Both miscible and phase-separated blends can be prepared depending on the molecular weight of both PPO homopolymer and of the PPO segment present in the triblock copolymer. Polymer blends of the PPO–PSUT–PPO triblock copolymer with PSUT were miscible at all compositions.     

Synthesis and characterisation of new shell cross-linked micelles with amine-functional coronas

Shell cross-linked (SCL) micelles with amine-functional coronas have been constructed in aqueous solution by exploiting the micellar self-assembly of new thermo-responsive ABC triblock copolymers. These copolymers were prepared via atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) in convenient one-pot syntheses and comprised a thermo-responsive core-forming poly(propylene oxide) [PPO] block, a cross-linkable central poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) [GMA] block and an amine-functional outer block based on either poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) [DMA] or poly([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethyl ammonium chloride) [QDMA]. DMF GPC analysis indicated an M_n of 17,700 and an M_w/M_n of 1.46 for the PPO-PGMA-PDMA triblock copolymer. The DMA residues of the PPO-PGMA-PDMA triblock copolymer were reacted with methyl iodide to prepare copolymers with differing degrees of quaternisation. Each triblock copolymer dissolved molecularly in aqueous solution at 5 °C and formed micelles with amine-functional coronas above a critical micelle temperature (CMT) of around 12 °C, which corresponded closely to the cloud point of the PPO macro-initiator. Cross-linking of the GMA residues in the inner shell using divinyl sulfone produced SCL micelles that remained intact at 5 °C, i.e. below the cloud point of the core-forming PPO block. Aqueous electrophoresis studies confirmed that these SCL micelles had considerable cationic surface charge, as expected. The cationic SCL micelles were adsorbed onto a near-monodisperse anionic silica sol, which was used as a model colloidal substrate. Thermogravimetric analyses indicated SCL micelle mass loadings of 6.1-15.5 wt.%, depending on the initial micelle concentration. Aqueous electrophoresis studies confirmed that surface charge reversal occurred on adsorption of the SCL micelles and scanning electron microscopy studies revealed the presence of SCL micelles on the silica particles.     

Morphologies of Diblock Copolymer/Homopolymer Blend Films

Summary: Using bond length fluctuation and cavity diffusion algorithm, the morphologies of diblock copolymer/homopolymer blend films, AB/C and AB/A, confined between two hard walls are studied via Monte Carlo (MC) simulation on a cubic lattice. For the AB/C film, the C homopolymer is supposed to be more compatible with the A block than with the B block, while A and B are mutually incompatible. Effects of the composition of the diblock copolymer/homopolymer mixture, the symmetry of the diblock copolymer chain, the film thickness and the selective wall field on morphologies are studied in detail. Furthermore, the simulated results are compared with that of corresponding ABA and ABC triblock copolymer thin films. Comparisons with experiments and SCF theory also show good agreement. The results indicate that both the AB/C and AB/A can be used to prepare porous AB diblock copolymer membranes, the size of the pore channel can be controlled by the volume fraction of homopolymer C or homopolymer A.

Morphology of A₆B₁₄/C₁₀ polymer blend film.     

Facile fabrication and characterization of novel polyaniline/titanate composite nanotubes directed by block copolymer

In this work, we present a facile method for preparation of novel polyaniline(PANI)/titanate composite nanotubes by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization directed by poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymer. The block copolymer adsorbed onto the surface of the titanate nanotubes acts as a soft template. The obtained nanocomposite has a core-shell structure in which titanate nanotubes are encapsulated by uniform PANI layers. Their structure and morphology were characterized by various experimental techniques. A possible formation mechanism of composite nanotubes is also proposed in the paper.     

Phase behavior of binary blends of diblock copolymer/homopolymer confined in spherical nanopores

Binary blends of a diblock copolymer (AB) and an incompatible homopolymer (C) confined in spherical cavities are studied using a simulated annealing technique. The phase behavior of the blends is examined for four typical cases, representing the different selectivity of the pore surface to the A, B, and C species. The internal morphology of the spherical polymeric particles is controlled by the homopolymer volume fraction, the degree of confinement, and the composition of the copolymer. Inside a particle, the homopolymers segregate to form one or, under some conditions, two domains; thus, the homopolymers may act as an additional controlling parameter of the shape and symmetry of the copolymer domain. A rich array of confinement-induced novel diblock copolymer morphologies is predicted. In particular, core-shell particles with the copolymers as the shell wrapping around a homopolymer core or a copolymer-homopolymer combined core and Janus-like particles with the copolymers and the homopolymers on different sides are obtained.