The Helmholtz–Weyl decomposition in weighted Sobolev spaces

Let f∈L_{2, ? µ}(?³), where where x = (x₁, x₂, x₃) is the Cartesian system in ?³, x′ = (x₁, x₂), , µ∈?₊\?. We prove the decomposition f = ? ?u + g, with g divergence free and u is a solution to the problem in ?³ Given f∈L_{2, ? µ}(?³) we show the existence of u∈H(?³) such that where Since f, u, g are defined in ?³ we need a sufficiently fast decay of these functions as |x|→∞. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Non-linear parabolic problem associated with the penetration of a magnetic field into a substance

We study the following initial and boundary value problem: In section 1, with u₀ in L²(Ω), f continuous such that f(u) + ? non-decreasing for ? positive, we prove the existence of a unique solution on (0,T), for each T > 0. In section 2 it is proved that the unique soluition u belongs to L²(0, T; H ∩ H²) ∩ L^∞(0, T; H) if we assume u₀ in H and f in C¹(?,?). Numerical results are given for these two cases.     

Nonstationary Stokes system in weighted Sobolev spaces

We consider an initial‐boundary value problem for nonstationary Stokes system in a bounded domain Omega??³ with slip boundary conditions. We assume that Ω is crossed by an axis L. Let us introduce the following weighted Sobolev spaces with finite norms: and where ?(x) = dist{x, L}. We proved the result. Given the external force f∈L_{2, ?µ}(Ω^T), initial velocity v₀∈H(Ω), µ∈?₊\? there exist velocity v∈H(Ω^T) and the pressure p, ?p∈L_{2, ?µ}(Ω^T) and a constant c, independent of v, p, f, such that As we consider the Stokes system in weighted Sobolev spaces the following two things must be used:

• 1. the slip boundary condition and
• 2. the Helmholtz–Weyl decomposition.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Wave operator for the system of the Dirac–Klein–Gordon equations

We prove the existence of the wave operator for the system of the massive Dirac–Klein–Gordon equations in three space dimensions x∈ R ³ where the masses m, M>0. We prove that for the small final data , (?, ?)∈ H ^{2 + µ, 1} × H ^{1 + µ, 1}, with and , there exists a unique global solution for system (1) with the final state conditions Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determinants of Regular Singular Sturm - Liouville Operators

We consider a regular singular Sturm-Liouville operator on the line segment (0,1]. We impose certain boundary conditions such that we obtain a semi-bounded self-adjoint operator. It is known (cf. Theorem 1.1 below) that the ζ-function of this operator has a meromorphic continuation to the whole complex plane with 0 being a regular point. Then, according to [RS] the ζ - regularized determinant of L is defined by In this paper we are going to express this determinant in terms of the solutions of the homogeneous differential equation L_y = 0 generalizing earlier work of S. Levit and U. Smilansky [LS], T. Dreyfus and H. Dym [DD], and D. Burghelea, L. Friedlander and T. Kappeler [BFK1, BFK2). More precisely we prove the formula Here ? ψ is a certain fundamental system of solutions for the homogeneous equation L_y = 0, W(? ψ), denotes their Wronski determinant, and v₀, v₁ are numbers related to the characteristic roots of the regular singular points 0, 1.     

Cylinder Homomorphisms and Chow Groups

Let X be a projective algebraic manifold of dimension n (over C), CH¹(X) the Chow group of algebraic cycles of codimension l on X, modulo rational equivalence, and A¹(X) ? CH¹(X) the subgroup of cycles algebraically equivalent to zero. We say that A¹(X) is finite dimensional if there exists a (possibly reducible) smooth curve T and a cycle z∈CH¹(Γ × X) such that z_*:A¹(Γ)-A¹(X) is surjective. There is the well known Abel-Jacobi map λ₁:A¹(X)-J(X), where J(X) is the lth Lieberman Jacobian. It is easy to show that A¹(X)→J(X) A¹(X) finite dimensional. Now set with corresponding map A^*(X)→J(X). Also define Level . In a recent book by the author, there was stated the following conjecture: where it was also shown that (?) in (**) is a consequence of the General Hodge Conjecture (GHC). In this present paper, we prove A^*(X) finite dimensional ?? Level (H^*(X)) ≤ 1 for a special (albeit significant) class of smooth hypersurfaces. We make use of the family of k-planes on X, where ([…] = greatest integer function) and d = deg X; moreover the essential technical ingredients are the Lefschetz theorems for cohomology and an analogue for Chow groups of hypersurfaces. These ingredients in turn imply very special cases of the GHC for our choice of hypersurfaces X. Some applications to the Griffiths group, vanishing results, and (universal) algebraic representatives for certain Chow groups are given.     

Die Lösung der Prae-Maxwellschen Gleichungen mit Hilfe vollständiger Lösungssysteme

This paper deals with the Neumann problem of the pre-Maxwell partial differential equations for a vector field v defined in a region G ? R ³. We approximate its uniquely determined solution (integrability conditions assumed) uniformly on G by explicitly computable particular integrals and linear combinations of vector fields with a “fundamental” sequence of points .     

Über die Radon-Transformation kreissymmetrischer Funktionen und ihre Beziehung zur Sommerfeldschen Theorie der Hankelfunktionen

For the Radon transform of functions with circular symmetry an inversion formula is proved in a new and elementary way. The inversion formula combined with Fourier theory is applied to Sommer-feld's integral for H, yielding a representation of products which generalizes Nicholson's integral for |H| ².     

A local compactness theorem for Maxwell's equations

The paper gives a proof, valid for a large class of bounded domains, of the following compactness statements: Let G be a bounded domain, β be a tensor-valued function on G satisfying certain restrictions, and let {_n} be a sequence of vector-valued functions on G where the L₂-norms of {_n}, {curl _n}, and {div(β _n)} are bounded, and where all _n either satisfy x _n = 0 or (β F_n) = 0 at the boundary ?G of G ( = normal to ?G): then {_n} has a L₂-convergent subsequence. The first boundary condition is satisfied by electric fields, the second one by magnetic fields at a perfectly conducting boundary ?G if β is interpreted as electric dielectricity ? or as magnetic permeability μ, respectively. These compactness statements are essential for the application of abstract scattering theory to the boundary value problem for Maxwell's equations.     

A note on backward errors for structured linear systems

Let x? be a computed solution to a linear system Ax=b with , where is a proper subclass of matrices in . A structured backward error (SBE) of x? is defined by a measure of the minimal perturbations and such that (1) and that the SBE can be used to distinguish the structured backward stability of the computed solution x?. For simplicity, we may define a partial SBE of x? by a measure of the minimal perturbation such that (2) Can one use the partial SBE to distinguish the structured backward stability of x?? In this note we show that the partial SBE may be much larger than the SBE for certain structured linear systems such as symmetric Toeplitz systems, KKT systems, and dual Vandermonde systems. Besides, certain backward errors for linear least squares are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On Mean Convergence of Fourier-Bessel Series of Negative Order

The expansion of f ∈ L^p(0, 1) Fourier series of Bessel functions of order converges to f in L^p whenever Let be the space of p-integrable functions with respect to the measure t dt and where {s_n}, n = 1, 2, …, is the set of positive zeros of J_v. Then, the expansion of in a Fourier series of functions ψ_n, ?1 < ν < ?½, converges to in whenever      

Homogenization of elliptic equations with principal part not in divergence form and hamiltonian with quadratic growth

In this paper, we consider the following problem: Here the coefficients a_ij and b_i are smooth, periodic with respect to the second variable, and the matrix (a_ij)_ij is uniformly elliptic. The Hamiltonian H is locally Lipschitz continuous with respect to u^? and Du^?, and has quadratic growth with respect to Du^?. The Hamilton-Jacobi-Beliman equations of some stochastic control problems are of this type. Our aim is to pass to the limit in (0_?) as ? tends to zero. We assume the coefficients b_i to be centered with respect to the invariant measure of the problem (see the main assumption (3.13)). Then we derive L^∞, H and W, p₀ > 2, estimates for the solutions of (0_?). We also prove the following corrector's result: This allows us to pass to the limit in (0_?) and to obtain This problem is of the same type as the initial one. When (0_?) is the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation of a stochastic control problem, then (0₀) is also a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation but one corresponding to a modified set of controls.     

An artificial boundary condition for an advection–diffusion equation

Consider the advection–diffusion equation: u₁ + au_x1 ? vδu = 0 in ?ⁿ × ?⁺ with initial data u⁰; the Support of u⁰ is contained in ?(x₁ < 0) and a: ?ⁿ → ? is positive. In order to approximate the full space solution by the solution of a problem in ? × ?⁺, we propose the artificial boundary condition: u₁ + au_x1 = 0 on ∑. We study this by means of a transmission problem: the error is an O(v²) for small values of the viscosity v.     

Global existence for two-velocity models of the Boltzmann equation

If A is a symmetric 2 × 2-matrix, then the initial value problem describes the evolution in time of a fictive gas whose particles can move only with the velocities u₁ and v₂. It is proved that, for continuous initial values vanishing at infinity, (1) has a global solution if an H-Theorem holds for the gas described by (1). The validity of an H-Theorem is expressed by the properties of A.     

Global solutions in a fully parabolic chemotaxis system with singular sensitivity

The Neumann boundary value problem for the chemotaxis system is considered in a smooth bounded domain Ω??ⁿ, n?2, with initial data and v₀∈W^{1, ∞}(Ω) satisfying u₀?0 and v₀>0 in . It is shown that if then for any such data there exists a global‐in‐time classical solution, generalizing a previous result which asserts the same for n=2 only. Furthermore, it is seen that the range of admissible χ can be enlarged upon relaxing the solution concept. More precisely, global existence of weak solutions is established whenever . Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Uniform convergence of the horizontal line method for solutions and free boundaries in Stefan evolution inequalities

The change of variable for the temperature Θ in the one-phase Stefan problem leads to the evolution inequality, (u_t – Δu – f)(v – u) ? 0 for all regular v ? 0, where u ? 0 is required. This inequality is to hold over a space-time domain D = Ω × (0, T) with a Dirichlet boundary condition imposed on ? Ω × (0, T) and a zero initial condition. The free boundary phase interface is given in one space dimension by The fully implicit divided difference scheme leads to a sequence of elliptic variational inequalities for {u_m}. The sequence {u_m} may be interpolated linearly in t to obtain an approximation U_Δt of u. The following results are obtained in this paper: (i) a two-sided weak maximum principle for u_m – u_m-1 in N space dimensions, hence the free boundary approximation for N = 1, is a monotone increasing step function; (ii) the uniform convergence of U_Δt and ?U_Δt, to u and ?u, respectively, on D ; (iii) the uniform convergence to the Hölder continuous, monotone increasing free boundary x on [0, T] of the piecewise linear sequence x_Δt, where x_Δt interpolates x _Δt, in one space dimension; (iv) a constructive existence proof for u and x in prescribed regularity classes.     

Über eine Verallgemeinerung des Begriffs „Charakteristik”︁ bei partiellen Differentialgleichungen erster Ordnung

As, in general, the projections of characteristics into the x-space intersect for finite values of t, the global solution of a conservation law cannot be determined from the characteristic system of the equation, is considered. Only in the linear case, this equation coincides with the equation of the projections of characteristics. For convex h and all x₀ this equation has a solution almost everywhere, and the properties of this solution permit to construct a global solution of the conservation law using strips, in the same way as this is done for linear problems by the method of characteristics.     

Decay properties of periodic,radially symmetric solutions of Sine-Gordon-type equations

We investigate the radially symmetric, nonlinear wave equation and discuss the asymptotic behaviour as r → ∞ of solutions which are T-periodic in time t. It is shown that only two possibilities of decay can arise, namely polynomial like t^?½(n?1) and exponential e^?bt for some b > 0. Existence results are obtained.     

Integrability Properties of the Maximal Operator on Partial Sums of Fourier Series in Orlicz Spaces

Let S* (f be the majorant function of the partial sums of the trigonometric Fourier series of f. In this paper we consider the Orlicz space Lπ and give a generalization of Soria's result [S1]. Let π (t) be a concave function with some nice properties and . If there exists a positive constant a₀ < 1 such that then we have .     

The Khinchin Inequality for Generalized Rademacher Functions

We give a new proof of the Khinchin inequality for the sequence of k-Rademacher functions: We obtain constants which are independent of k. Although the constants are not best possible, they improve estimates of Floret and Matos [4] and they do have optimal dependence on p as p → ∞.