SYNTHESIS AND CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS OF 16H-DINAPHTHO AND 12 H-DIBENZO [D,G][1,3,2]DIOXASILOCINE

Abstract

The conformation of the heterocyclic eight-membered ring in 16H-dinaphtho and 12H-dibenzo [d,g][1,3,2]dioxasilocine was investigated in solution by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The barrier to ring inversion in the 16H-dinaphtho compound 3a was found to be 8.6±0.2 Kcal/mol and for the 12 H-dibenzo compound 4a, 8±0.2 Kcal/mol. Molecular mechanics calculations show three energy minima conformations for both compounds, boat chair(BC), twist boat(TB) and twist boat boat(TBB). Twist boat form is estimated to be the global minimum for the dibenzo compounds while TBB is the global conformation of the dinaphtho compounds. The result of molecular mechanics calculations are supported by analysis of the ¹H-NMR spectra.     

Concerning the Hydroxyazo-Quinonehydrazone Equilibrium of a Trisazonaphthalene with an [18]annulene perimeter macrocyclic Aza compounds,III

The hydroxyazo-quinonehydrazone equilibrium of the cyclic triazonaphthalene 1 has been determined from the ¹H-NMR. spectrum of the ¹⁵N-labelled compound. The size of the coupling constant J_{15N, H} demonstrates that the equilibrium of 1 with respect to the non-cyclic reference compound 6 is shifted towards the hydroxyazo form by factors of at least 5.1 and 3.9 in DMSO and H₂O, respectively.     

A (1,3) Strain in cis- and trans-5, 6-dihydro-4, 6-dimethyl-4H, 8H-pyrido [3,2,1-de]phenanthridin-8-ones

The stereochemistry of trans- and cis-2, 4-dimethyl-tetrahydroquinolines, 6 and 7 were derived from ¹H-NMR. studies. These were converted respectively into trans- and cis-5, 6-dihydro-4, 6-dimethyl-4H, 8H-pyrido [3, 2, 1-de]phenanthridin-8-ones 18 and 20 by a Pschorr reaction on the anthranilamides 10 and 15 . Bromophenanthridones 19 and 21 were similarly prepared from bromoanthranilamides 12 and 17 . Detailed ¹H-NMR. studies on 18 and 20 indicated axial disposition of the methyl groups at C(2) in both compounds in contrast to the situation in 6 and 7 . This is presumably to avoid adverse CH₃CO group interaction of the A (1, 3) type. The severity of this is gauged by the preference of 20 for a normally forbidding 1, 3-diaxial orientation of two methyl groups. X-ray crystallographic studies on 19 and 20 confirm the stereochemical assignments.     

Synthesis, structural and crystallographic study of some carbamates derived from 9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3α-ol

A series of benzimidazole, thiazole and benzothiazole carbamates derived from 9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3α-ol was synthesized and studied by ¹H, ¹³C, 2D NMR and IR spectroscopy. To assist in the interpretation of the spectroscopic data, the crystal structure of 3 (9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3α-yl 2-amino-1H-benzimidazole-1-carboxilate) was determined by X-ray diffraction. It has been found that 1-carbamates and 2-carbamates can be obtained in the case of the benzimidazole derivatives. The benzimidazole-1-carbamates are obtained in higher yields (41, 38%) than the benzimidazole-2-carbamates (3, 9%). The compounds studied displayed in CDCl₃ solution a preferred chair–boat conformation with the substituted ring in a distorted boat form and the N–CH₃ substituent in an axial position with respect to the chair piperidine ring. This conformation is similar to that determined by X-Ray diffraction for compound 3.     

The High-Anti Conformation of 7-Halogenated 8-Aza-7-deaza-2′-deoxy-guanosines: A Study of the Influence of Modified Bases on the Sugar Structure of Nucleosides

The conformation of the 7-bromo- and 7-iodo-substituted 8-aza-7-deazapurine nucleosides 1 and 2 in the solid state and in aqueous solution was studied by single-crystal X-ray analyses and by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. In the solid state, both compounds display a high-anti conformation around the glycosylic bond, and their 2′-deoxy-β-D -ribofuranose moieties adopt an N-type sugar puckering. The orientation of the exocyclic C(4′)−C(5′) bond was found to be ap in both cases. In D₂O solution, both compounds display i) an 8 – 10% higher N-conformer population than 2′-deoxyguanosine and ii) a preference of the −sc conformation about the C(4′)−C(5′) bond. A comparative study on the influence of modified bases on the sugar structure of nucleosides is made.     

17O-NMR Spectra of Mesoionic Compounds: The polarized carbonyl group

The ¹⁷O-NMR spectra of 5 mesoionic compounds have been measured; in two cases, the peak attribution between endo- and exocyclic O-atoms has been made unambiguous by synthesizing specifically O-labelled samples. The signal of the exocyclic O-atom appears at particularly high field, closer to the values of enolate than of carbonyl O-atoms. The cyclic O-atom resonates close to values of furans (or isoxazol, if bound to N). The exocyclic O-atom is much more susceptible to structure and substituent variations than the endocyclic, an observation which is in favour of a chain-conjugated (non-aromatic) structure 1E .     

Conformational analysis of some 1R,4S‐2‐arylidene‐p‐menthan‐3‐ones by 1H NMR spectroscopy and molecular simulation

Based on ¹H NMR spectral analysis combined with molecular simulation, conformational states of the cyclohexanone ring were studied for some 1R,4S‐2‐(4‐X‐benzylidene)‐p‐menthan‐3‐ones (X = COOCH₃ or C₆H₅) in CDCl₃ and C₆D₆. The co‐existence of chair conformers with an axial orientation of both alkyl substituents and twist‐boat forms was established for the compounds studied at room temperature (22–23° C). The substituent X does not influence appreciably the ratio of these conformers, but the fraction of twist‐boat forms increases noticeably in benzene solutions as compared with CDCl₃ solutions. Rotameric states of the isopropyl fragment were also characterised for the compounds studied. Distinctions in conformational states for the 1R,4S‐2‐arylidene‐p‐menthan‐3‐ones and (?)‐menthone were revealed and are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis, Conformational Studies and Inclusion Properties of Tetrakis[(2-pyridylmethyl)oxy]thiacalix[4]arenes

An attempted O-alkylation of the flexible macrocycle 1with 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine in the presence of Cs₂CO₃ under THF reflux afforded a mixture of twoconformers of tetra-O-alkylated product 4a in a ratio of 91:9 (cone-4a:1,2-alternate-4a)in 70% yield, while other possible isomers were not observed. In the case of Na₂CO₃, there was no reaction product,only the starting compound 1, whereasonly monoalkylated compound 3 was obtained when usingK₂CO₃ as the base. The distribution of cone conformer decreased in the case of O-alkylation of tetraol 1with 4-(chloromethyl)pyridine or benzyl bromide in the presence of Cs₂CO₃ in comparison with that ofO-alkylation with 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine, while the 1,2-alternate conformer increased in the same sequence. The larger Cs⁺might increase the contribution of the metal template effect, which can hold the 2-pyridylmethyl group(s) and theoxide group(s) on the same side of the tetrathiacalix[4]arene 1 through the cation-O^- and -N-interaction in the caseof O-alkylation of tetraol 1 with 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine.Only when the template metal can hold the 2-pyridyl group(s) andthe oxide group(s) on the same side of the tetrathiacalix[4]arene is the conformation immobilized to thecone. The template effect of the cesium cation plays an important role in this alkylation reaction. The structuralcharacterization of these products is also discussed.The two-phase solvent extraction data indicated thattetrakis[(2-pyridylmethyl)oxy]thiacalix[4]arenes 4a show strong Ag⁺ affinity and a high Ag⁺ selectivity wasobserved for cone-4a. A good Job plot proves 1:1 coordination of cone-4a with Ag⁺ cation.¹H-NMR titration of cone-4a with AgSO₃CF₃ also clearly demonstrates that a 1:1complex is formed with retention of the original symmetry. In contrast, the 1,2-alternate-4a can form a 2:1 metal/thiacalix[4]arene complex and the two metal-binding sites display positive allostericity. The conformational changes ofpyridine moiety from the original outward orientation of the ring nitrogen to the inside orientation toward thethiacalixarene cavity were observed in the processof Ag⁺ complexation.     

Spin-spin coupling of77Se and31P nuclei in cyclic organophosphorous compounds

We have established that direct phosphorus-selenium spin-spin coupling constants in cyclic compounds with P=Se exocyclic and P-C endocyclic bonds are found in the range¹J_PSe=–708 to –859 Hz; in this case, it is greater for the axial orientation of P=Se than for the equatorial orientation.Deceased.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 776–780, April, 1990.     

New approaches to synthesis of tris[1,2,4]triazolo[1,3,5]triazines

Thermal cyclization of 3-R-5-chloro-1,2,4-triazoles (R = Cl, Ph) afforded 2,6,10-tri-R- tris[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a:1′,5′c:1″,5″-e][1,3,5]triazines 5 (R = Ph) and 7 (R = Cl). These compounds are first representatives of this class of heterocycles, whose structures were unambiguously established. Treatment of these compounds with nucleophiles (H₂O/NaOH, NH₃) results in the triazine ring opening to give compounds consisting of three 1,2,4-triazole rings linked in a chain. For example, treatment of cyclic compound 5 with aqueous alkali affords 3-phenyl-1-3-phenyl-1-(3-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one. Treatment of 3,7,11-triphenyltris[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a:4′,3′c:4″,3″-e][1,3,5]triazine (2) with HCl/SbCl₅ leads to the triazine ring opening giving rise to 5-(3-chloro-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-3-phenyl-4-(5-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-triazole. Thermal cyclization of the latter produces 3,7,10-triphenyltris[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a:4′,3′c:4″,3″-e][1,3,5]triazine (13). Thermolysis of both cyclic compound 2 and cyclic compound 13 is accompanied by the Dimroth rearrangement to yield 3,6,10-triphenyl-tris[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a:1′, 5′-c:4″,3″-e][1,3,5]triazine (14). Compounds 13 and 14 are the first representatives of cyclic compounds with this skeleton. ¹³C NMR spectroscopy allows the determination of the isomer type in a series of tris[1,2,4]triazolo[1,3,5]triazines.__________Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 706–712, March, 2005.     

The Synthesis,Spectral, and Electrochemical Characterization of Novel Alkoxybenzoquinone Derivatives

The novel monosubstituted benzoquinone compounds 3e , 3g , 3h ; 2,5‐O‐ substituted benzoquinone compounds 4a , 4b , 4c , 4d , 4e 4g and known compound 4h and 2,6‐O‐ substituted benzoquinone compounds 5e , 5f , 5g , 5h were obtained by the reaction of p‐chloranil ( 1 ) and related alcohol compounds in potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) solution of acetonitrile or chloroform with Et₃N. The novel cyclic compounds 7 , 8 and 10 , 11 were obtained from the reaction of p‐chloranil ( 1 ) and diols in potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) solution of acetonitrile at room temperature. The structures of novel compounds were characterized by using micro analysis, FT‐IR, ¹H‐NMR, ¹³C‐NMR, MS and cyclic voltammetry.     

Asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions: X-Ray crystal-structure analysis of [N-((E)-But-2-enoyl)bornane-10,2-sultam]tetrachlorotitanium

An X-ray diffraction analysis of the crystalline complex 2b (ML_n ? TiCl₄) shows a chelation of the carbonyl O-atom and the upper SO₂ O-atom by TiCl₄, a slightly pyramidal N-atom, and a π -face-stereoselective shielding of the C(α)-Si face by the CH₂(3) group. The Ti-atom is in a pseudo-octahedral environment.     

Synthese von 2-Methylen-2,3-dihydro- und 2-Methyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2—a]thieno[2,3—d]pyrimidinen

The title substances and their [1]benzothieno analogues were synthesized by reaction of 3-allyl-2-mercapto-([1]benzo)thieno-[2.3—d]pyrimidine-4(3H)-ones with Br₂ to 2-bromomethyl-2.3-dihydro-thiazolo[3.2—a]([1]benzo-)thieno[2.3—d]pyrimidine-5-ones, which on treatment with morpholine did not give the corresponding morpholine derivatives but elimination to the exocyclic double bond. These 2-methylene-2.3-dihydro-products were isomerized by H₂SO₄ to the corresponding 2-methyl compounds.     

Experiments on the Total Synthesis of Lysolipin I. Part I. On Configuration and Conformation of 5-Substituted 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-Ocathydrophenanthrene-4,9-diones

The substituted 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-4,9-dione 2 , synthesized from the cyclohexanone 8 and quinone 11 (Scheme 2), was found by X-ray analysis adn ¹H-NMR studies to be the isomer with cis-junction of the saturated rings. The cis-fusion could also be determined from the ¹H-NMR data of the related compound 17 (Scheme 4), which was previously considered to be trans-fused. In contrary to previous argumentations, the interaction of the C(4)-carbonyl O-atom of trans-fused octahydrophenanthenes is more severe with a 5-methoxy than with a 5-methyl substituent.     

Synthesis,characterization, and investigations of antimicrobial activity of benzopyrans,benzofurans and spiro[4.5]decanes

In this study, the radical cyclization reactions of cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (1a–c) and α,β-unsaturated alcohols (2a–d) through Mn(OAc)₃ were performed. A series of biologically interesting dihydropyrans (3–5) and dihydrofurans (6–18) were synthesized as a result of these reactions. Spiro compounds (19–20) were obtained from the reactions of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and (E)-2,4-diphenyl-but-3-en-2-ol (2e). The unique structure of compound 19 was also confirmed by X-ray crystallography. In addition, the antibacterial activities of synthesized compounds were screened against some bacteria. Their zone diameters showed better results than some known antibiotics.     

13C-NMR-Spektroskopische und stereochemische untersuchungen—XIV: Sessel- und bootkonformationen bei bicyclo[3.3.1]nonanverbindungen

Syntheses and ¹³C-NMR spectra of bicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes bearing substituents at C-1 (X = F, Cl, Br, J, OR) and C-3 (X = exo Cl, Br, OR; X = endo COOR, CH₃, OR) are described. The functional C_α shifts are found to show the known dependence on the electron withdrawing effect of heterosubstituents, including the 1-jodo compound; there is, however, no weakening attenuation effect with tertiary compounds, as often implied, but rather substituent effects which are up to 25 ppm higher than observed with the corresponding secondary derivatives The β carbon shieldings of all compounds can be represented as a function of the square electric field effect; the flattening of the cyclohexane rings in the 1- and 3-exo-compounds however are resulting in a change of the linear electric field effects at C_α, and even more at C_γ. The deshielding of _γ carbons in antipenplanar X-C_α-C_β-C_γ conformations is not restricted to structures bearing X on a bridgehead, it can be rationalized on the basis of through space bond polarization by the C_α-X dipoles (linear field effects). The very small upfield shifts generated by 3-exo-hetero-substituents at the C-7 position put an upper limit for pure through space long range shielding effects in ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy.With the exception of the 3-endo compounds the ¹³C shifts (as well as ¹³C-¹⁹F couplings) of all compounds indicate a flattened double chair conformation CC The parameters found for the endo-3-derivatives establish the predominance of boat chair forms. Lanthanide induced shifts show the 3-endo substituent to rest at the boat part of the molecule. Although the shifts of the basic BC form for the unsubstituted hydrocarbon cannot be measured directly, they can be obtained by subtraction of corresponding substituent effects. Low temperature measurements establish the absence of higher populations of CC forms; the comparison of shift temperature gradients however indicates the partition of some CC conformer in the case of the endo-3-methoxy compound.     

Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of complexes of 1,2-bis[2-(pyridylmethylideneamino)phenylthio]ethanes with transition metals (CoII, NiII, CuII)

Transition metal (Ni^II, Co^II, and Cu^II) complexes with 1,2-bis[2-(3-pyridylmethylideneamino)phenylthio]ethane (1) and 1,2-bis[2-(4-pyridylmethylideneamino)phenylthio]ethane (2) were synthesized for the first time by slow diffusion of solutions of compounds 1 or 2 in CH₂Cl₂ into solutions of MX₂ · nH₂O (M = Ni, Co, or Cu; X = Cl or NO₃; n = 2 or 6) in ethanol. The reactions with Co^II and Cu^II chlorides afford complexes of composition M(L)Cl₂ (L = 1 or 2). The reactions of compound 1 with Ni^II salts produce complexes with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenylthio)ethane. The molecular structure of dinitrato[1,2-bis(2-aminophenylthio)ethane]nickel(ii) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The ligands and the complexes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and rotating disk electrode voltammetry. The initial reduction of the complexes proceeds at the metal atom. The oxidation of the chlorine-containing complexes proceeds at the coordinated chloride anion. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 350–355, February, 2008.     

A joint theoretical and experimental structural study of two novel 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-<Emphasis Type="Italic">b</Emphasis>]-1,3,4-thiadiazine derivatives

In this study, two novel 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazine derivatives, 3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-6-phenyl-7H-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazine (compound 1) and 3-[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-6-phenyl-7H-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazine (compound 2), having analgesic–anti-inflammatory activity were synthesized and characterized by IR, ¹H-NMR, and mass spectroscopic techniques besides elementary analysis. Additionally, the structures and molecular packings of the mentioned compounds have been investigated by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The six-membered thiadiazine ring adopts the screw boat conformation in both the compounds. In the crystal packings of the compounds 1 and 2, C–H···N and C–H···O interactions link the molecules into a two-dimensional network and generate infinite chains. Furthermore, C–H···π intermolecular interactions provide further stability to the molecular packing in both the molecules. The conformers have been predicted by the potential energy surface scan employing the AM1 method. Geometry optimizations and electrostatic properties have been obtained using AM1 and ab initio quantum methods.     

Characterization of copper(II) coordination compounds of 5,7-dimethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine: the crystal structure of diaquatetrakis(5,7-dimethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-N3)-copper(II) hexafluorophosphate

Copper(II) coordination compounds of several CuA₂ salts (A = PF₆, BF₄, ClO₄, CF₃SO₃ or NO₃) with 5,7-dimethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dmtp) as a ligand have been studied. The crystal structure of [Cu(dmtp)₄(H₂O)₂](PF₆)₂ is described. This compound is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c, a = 11.826(2) Å, b = 9.463(2) Å, c = 17.673(3) Å, β = 97.50(1)°, Z = 2, d_calc. = 1.66 Mg m⁻³, and has been refined to a final discrepancy factor (R) of 0.0382 based on 2316 reflections. The structure consists of PF⁻₆ anions and centrosymmetric mononuclear [Cu(dmtp)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺ cations, Cu₂₊ being coordinated by four equatorial N(3)-bonded dmtp molecules with CuN = 2.019 and 2.050 Å, and by two axial water molecules with CuO = 2.650 Å. The water molecules form intramolecular hydrogen bonds with the dmtp N(4) atoms.     

The conformation of (1R,2S,4R,5S)-2,4-dimethoxybicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one and some related compounds

A mixture of stereoisomers of 2,4-dimethoxybicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one was prepared, separated by column chromatography and characterized by 60 MHz ¹H NMR spectroscopy using Eu(fod)₃. A double chair conformation with axial methoxyl groups is established for (1R,2S,4R,5S)-2,4-dimethoxybicyclo[3.3.1]-nonan-9-one on the basis of the J(12), J(2,H-3 exo) and J(2,3 endo) values and the chemical shifts for H-2(4). The conformation of some related compounds is subsequently inferred.