Double-Beta Decay of 150Nd and 76Ge to Excited States

New results of experimental search for double beta decay of ⁷⁶Ge (2) and ¹⁵⁰Nd (0 + 2) to excited states of the daughter nuclei are presented. Data from 228 days of measurements performed with four HPGe detectors in the low background laboratory of Baksan neutrino observatory yield new limits on life-times T_1/2(0⁺ 0⁺ ₁)6.2×10²¹} yr at 90% C.L. for transition of ⁷⁶Ge to 0⁺ ₁ level of ⁷⁶Se and T_1/2(0⁺ 0⁺ ₁)1.5×10²⁰ yr at 90% C.L. for transition of ¹⁵⁰Nd to 0⁺ ₁ level of ¹⁵⁰Sm.     

无中微子双β衰变相关的中微子势（英文）

介绍了在双β衰变中的闭合近似下的原子核矩阵元,并在此基础上研究了无中微子双β衰变的中微子势部分及统计性质。分析结果显示,费米型和伽莫夫-泰勒型矩阵元部分贡献了几乎相等的正值,并且费米型部分一般比伽莫夫-泰勒型部分的贡献稍大,而张量部分的贡献虽小但不可忽略,其中有少量矩阵元为负。阐明了无中微子双β衰变的中微子势中费米型、伽莫夫-泰勒型及张量部分大于零矩阵元的关联。该统计结果粗略地揭示了这些组份对原子核矩阵元的贡献。Nuclear matrix element in double beta decay under the closure approximation is outlined, in which neutrino potential for neutrinoless double beta decay is studied with focusing on its statistical property. It is shown from the analysis that Fermi and Gamow-Teller parts provide almost the same positive values with the Fermi part slightly larger than the Gamow-Teller part in general, while the tensor part includes small but non-negligible positive and negative values. Positive correlation of the values between Fermi, Gamow-Teller, and tensor parts has been clarified. The statistics provides a gross view of understanding amplitude of constitutional components of the nuclear matrix element.     

Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay to Excited 0+ States

A considerable effort has been invested in studies of the two-neutrino double-beta decay to the first (and some others, too) excited 0⁺ states. These decay transitions have been considered favourable in terms of the nuclear matrix elements and the possibility to use -coincidence techniques in cleaning the background of the spectrum. A drawback in these studies is the diminished phase space for the emitted leptons due to the smaller Q value of the process. One positive result, namely the decay rate of ¹⁰⁰Mo to the first excited 0⁺ state in ¹⁰⁰Ru, already exists. Encouraged by this result one could argue that a similar situation could prevail also for the neutrinoless double-beta decay to excited 0 ⁺ states. In this article the situation has been studied for several nuclear systems with potential 0 decay to the low-lying 0⁺ states by using the quasiparticle random-phase approximation with realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions.     

Present and Future Cryogenic Experiments on Double-Beta Decay

Thermal detectors are introduced and their possible impact on neutrinoless double-beta-decay (20) search is discussed. The thermal experiment MIBETA is described, reporting the up-to-date limits on ¹³⁰Te and ¹²⁸Te. A new generation experiment, consisting in a large expansion of MIBETA and known as CUORE, is presented and discussed.     

Nuclear responses for double-beta decays by hadron, photon, and neutrino probes and MOON experiment

Neutrino-less double-beta decays (0νββ) with the mass sensitivities of the solar and atmospheric ν masses are of great interest for studying the Majorana nature of neutrinos and the absolute mass spectrum as suggested by recent ν oscillation experiments. Here nuclear responses (nuclear matrix elements) for 0νββ are crucial. They are well studied experimentally by using charge-exchange, photo-nuclear and neutrino reactions. MOON(Mo Observatory Of Neutrinos) is a high sensitivity 0νβ β experiment with the mass sensitivity of an order of 30 meV. Experimental studies of the nuclear responses and the present status of MOON are briefly discussed. Presented by the author at the Workshop on calculation of double-beta-decay matrix elements (MEDEX’05), Corfu, Greece, September 26–29, 2005.     

无中微子双贝塔衰变：寻找马约拉纳中微子之路

无中微子双贝塔衰变是目前粒子物理与核物理学家积极寻找的一种极其稀有的原子核衰变模式。它的发现将验证中微子是否是其本身的反粒子,也就是通常指的马约拉纳费米子。同时这一物理过程破坏轻子数守恒,也可以为宇宙初期的正反物质不对称性提供重要的条件。鉴于其极重要的物理意义,国际上多个实验组利用不同的探测器技术,在多种不同的目标同位素中寻找这一突破粒子物理标准模型的稀有衰变。目前主流实验还未发现确定的无中微子双贝塔衰变信号,但对其半衰期的限制已经达到了10²⁶年量级。国内近期也开展了一系列预研实验,期望在未来几年内可以确定一到两个切实可行的实验方案,开展吨级实验。     

Neutrinoless ββ decay and the electron neutrino mass

We discuss the nuclear structure elements participant in the calculation of the half-life of the neutrinoless double beta decay, and the consequences upon the adopted limits of the electron-neutrino mass. Presented by O. Civitarese at the Workshop on calculation of double-beta-decay matrix elements (MEDEX’05), Corfu, Greece, September 26–29, 2005.     

First Evidence for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay

Double beta decay is indispensable to solve the question of the neutrino mass matrix together with oscillation experiments. Recent analysis of the most sensitive experiment since nine years—the HEIDELBERG-MOSCOW experiment in Gran-Sasso—yields a first indication for the neutrinoless decay mode. This result is the first evidence for lepton number violation and proves the neutrino to be a Majorana particle. We give the present status of the analysis in this report. It excludes several of the neutrino mass scenarios allowed from present neutrino oscillation experiments—only degenerate scenarios and those with inverse mass hierarchy survive. This result allows neutrinos to still play an important role as dark matter in the Universe. To improve the accuracy of the present result, considerably enlarged experiments are required, such as GENIUS. A GENIUS Test Facility has been funded and will come into operation by early 2003.     

Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay: Status of Evidence

The present experimental status in the search for neutrinoless double beta decay is reviewed, with emphasis on the first indication for neutrinoless double beta decay found in the HEIDELBERG-MOSCOW experiment, giving first evidence for lepton number violation and a Majorana nature of the neutrinos. Future perspectives of the field are briefly outlined.     

关于D0→π－l+νl衰变过程的研究

用光锥QCD求和规则研究D⁰→π^－l⁺ν_l衰变过程, 首先计算D→π跃迁形状因子, 通过构造新的关联函数, 消除了twist-3波函数的不确定性给计算结果所带来的影响, 从而使计算结果更加精确. 计算得到的分支比与最近的实验数据相一致.     

70As(β++EC)衰变到70Ge的低自旋激发态(英文)

通过70As的放射性衰变研究了70Ge的激发态,新发现能量为1 036.99,1 196.66,1 539.29和2 531.7 keV的四条新γ射线,重新确认了2 219.34 keV γ射线的跃迁位置,新确认496.74,1 295.24和1 417.24 keV这三条γ射线首次放入衰变纲图,本工作证实了1 881.67,2 325.42和2 424.41 keV γ射线的跃迁位置,建议了能量为4 243.10和5 265.81 keV的两个新能级,建立了新的衰变纲图,基于比较半衰期和γ跃迁分支比建议了一些能级的自旋-宇称。The excited states of the 70Ge nucleus are investigated in radioactive decay of the 70As. Four new transitions with 1 036.99, 1 196.66, 1 539.29 and 2 531.7 keV are found for the first time. The position of 2 219.34 keV transition are reassigned, the transition positions of 496.74, 1 295.24 and 1 417.24 keV γ-rays are assigned for the first time, and the placements of 1 881.67, 2 325.42 and 2 424.41 keV γ-rays are confirmed in the present work. Two new levels, at 4 243.10 and 5 265.81 keV excitation energy, respectively, are proposed. The decay scheme is established and for a number of levels spin-parity assignments are suggested on the basis of logft values and γ-branching ratios.     

结合n模式表示势的含时密度矩阵重正化群求解激发态非辐射衰减速率：理论形式和在薁分子中的应用

本文提出一种来计算多原子分子包含Franck-Condon区势能面非谐效应的无辐射衰减速率的方法. 这种方法结合了n模式表示法,通过构造第一性势能面和近乎精确的含时密度矩阵重正化群法(TD-DMRG),来模拟量子动力学过程. 另外,在TD-DMRG 的框架下,进一步发展了计算末态分辨的速率常数的算法,它对于分析每个振动模式对于跃迁过程的贡献十分有用. 本文采用这种方法研究了考虑基态势能面非谐性后的薁分子的内转换过程. 结果表明,即使对这个半刚性的分子,模式内的非谐性也能够显著的提高内转换速率;在考虑双模式的耦合之后,速率会进一步增加. 其原因是由于C-H振动的黄昆因子接近于0,其在简谐势能面上无法对内转换做出贡献,而非谐性打开了C-H振动接受电子能量的能力.