铂(Ⅱ)配合物跨人红细胞膜传递的动力学研究

顺铂(cis-DDP)和顺式1,1-环丁烷二羧基二胺合铂(Ⅱ)(即卡铂,CBDCA)具有良好的抗癌活性,其主要靶分子均为DNA。但这些配合物与DNA作用前必须首先通过细胞膜。离体肿瘤对顺铂的摄入要比卡铂快得多,海拉细胞(Helas-3)摄入顺铂的速度要比摄入K_2PtCl_4或K_2PtCl_6慢。Binks等研究了鼠小肠摄取顺铂和卡铂的动力学机理,指出这两种配合物     

顺二羰基(三齿N-配体)铑(Ⅰ)配合物的分子内取代反应

报道了3种不同结构的三齿N-配体以及与铑形成的顺二羰基配合物.研究表明,正方平面顺二羰基铑配合物在遇热条件下,其配体中未参与配位的授体N原子可取代它的一个端羰基而形成新的三齿配位结构.而在CO气氛下,三齿配位结构回到二齿配位状态.正方平面铑配合物的这一特殊分子内取代可逆反应过程,对于研究这类配合物结构、性能及催化作用均有重要的意义.非正方平面顺二羰基铑配合物则不发生上述分子内取代反应.利用IR和XPS对上述反应进行了表征.     

基于Cyclam衍生物的单核金属配合物的结构及核酸酶活性

以1,8-二甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷为原料,以N,N′-二叔丁氧羰基-2-甲璜酰氧基-1,3-二氨基丙烷为烷基化试剂,合成了cyclam衍生物:1,8-二(N,N′-二叔丁氧羰基-1,3-二氨基异丙基)-4,11-二甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷(L1);及其对应的系列单核金属配合物,Zn(L1)Cl2(1),Ni(L1)Cl2(2)和Cu(L1)Cl2(3);核磁结果表明,L1为C2对称结构,且cyclam环上每一个亚甲基碳上的2个氢化学不等价;利用2D[1H,15N]HSQC对比配体配位前后N-H化学位移的变化,确定配合物的结构是金属与配体cyclam环上的4个氮原子配位;利用变温核磁1H NMR和13C NMR,结合2D[1H,15N]HSQC核磁共振波谱表明,配合物1在溶液中主要以两种构型并存,并主要以trans-Ⅲ构型存在。此外,用凝胶电泳研究了配体与单核金属配合物对超螺旋p BR322质粒DNA切割活性;实验结果表明,配合物3在抗坏血酸存在的条件下具有核酸酶活性,而配体(L1),配合物1和配合物2在实验条件下,无论是氧化切割还是水解切割都显阴性。     

网络版论文摘要

w2011006甾体合铂配合物设计合成与抗肿瘤活性研究进展 摘要 自从发现顺铂具有抗癌活性之后,人们设计合成了许多铂类抗癌药物。甾体激素在生命体中起着重要的作用,铂与甾体配位得到的甾体合铂配合物往往也具有很好的抗癌活性     

配合物[Pd(L-tyr)2]·0.5H2O的晶体结构、稳定性及其与DNA作用研究

合成了配合物[Pd(L-tyr)2]·0.5H2O单晶(L-tyr-为酪氨酸根).配合物属于单斜晶系,P2(1)空间群.L-tyr-的羧基氧原子和氨基氮原子与Pd(Ⅱ)离子配位,形成两个五元螯合环的平面结构.配合物分子之间存在配位螯合环-配位螯合环的弱相互作用、苯酚环-苯酚环之间的π-π堆积作用以及水分子与配体之间的氢键作用.水溶液中配合物的累积稳定常数为1017数量级,表明配体与离子形成较强的配位共价键.配合物与鱼精DNA作用的紫外光谱、CD光谱和荧光光谱表明,两者之间有较强的相互作用,并以插入作用方式为主.     

一个双核锌配合物[Zn2(cttb)Cl4]·DMF的合成、结构和抗肿瘤活性

以顺,顺,顺,顺-环戊烷-1,2,3,4-四甲酸和邻苯二胺为原料,合成了顺,顺,顺,顺-2,2',2',2'-环戊烷四苯并咪唑(cttb)及其双核锌配合物[Zn_2(cttb)Cl_4]·DMF,通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和X-ray单晶衍射对其结构进行了表征。该配合物晶体属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,每个中心Zn~(2+)离子分别与两个Cl~-离子和配体中的两个N原子配位,形成四配位的四面体几何构型。MTT测试表明,锌配合物及其配体对人食管癌细胞Eca109均有抑制作用,其半抑制浓度IC50值分别为33.34μM和34.54μM,小于阳性对照物顺铂的IC50值43.99μM。     

新型双大环二正丁基锡羧酸酯的合成、晶体结构及生物活性

在乙醇钠催化下, 将3-(1,2亚丙二硫基)亚甲基-2,4-二羰基戊烷与2-羰基苯氧乙酸进行缩合反应, 获得了柔性二元酸配体1[4-(1,2-亚丙二硫基)亚甲基-3,5-二羰基-1,6-庚二烯-1,7-二(2-羰基苯)氧乙酸(LH2)]. 再将配体1与二正丁基氧化锡进行脱水反应, 获得新型二正丁基锡羧酸酯配合物2. 采用元素分析、1H NMR、 IR及晶体结构测定等手段对配体1和配合物2进行了结构表征, 配合物2是以菱形环Sn2O2为中心对称的二聚体结构, 中心菱形环通过氧原子与2个环外锡原子相连. 每个羧基分别与环内锡和环外锡原子配位, 形成2个对称的六元环, 3个环呈梯形排列, 将整个分子分割成2个对称的二十二元大环. 初步研究了其杀菌活性和抗癌活性.     

Schiff碱N－氧化吡啶－2－甲醛缩氨基脲及其铜配合物的合成、晶体结构及谱学性质的研究

合成了Schiff碱N 氧化吡啶 2 甲醛缩氨基脲 (PNOS)及其配合物 [Cu(PNOS) (NO3 ) 2 ],并用单晶X射线衍射法测定了配体和配合物结构 .PNOS晶体中通过传统氢键形成双层二维网状结构 ,再由非传统氢键自组装成三维网状结构 .配合物 [Cu(PNOS) (NO3 ) 2 ]中的铜为六配位 ,畸变八面体结构 ,Schiff碱 (PNOS)通过N 氧化吡啶N—O的O原子 ,亚胺基CN的N原子 ,及羰基CO的O原子与铜配位 ;一个硝基以单齿配体形式与铜配位 ,另一个则以双齿配体形式配位 .配合物分子通过经典氢键相互作用 ,形成单层二维网状结构 ,再通过非经典氢键作用 ,自组装成双层二维网状结构     

[Ni(cien)2]2[Mn(NCS)6]·H2O的合成、晶体结构

硫氰酸根的结构为N三C-S-,其两端的N原子和S原子分别有一对和三对孤对电子,因此,硫氰酸根可采用多种不同的配位模式与金属离子发生配位.硫氰酸根可作为单齿配体与一个金属离子配位,形成M-SCN或M-NCS的单核配合物,也可以作为桥联配体同时与两个、三个甚至四个金属离子配位形成多核配合物[1-3];另一方面,硫氰酸根是一个具有一定共轭性的偶极子,可传递磁相作用.因此,选择硫氰酸根作为桥联配体,将多个顺磁金属离子桥联形成一维、二维或三维结构的多核金属配合物分子,并研究它们的磁性已成为分子磁学的一个研究领域[4-6].本文仅报道标题配合物的合成与晶体结构.     

双β-二酮配体配位性的理论研究

基于自洽反应场(SCRF)中的极化连续介质模型(PCM), 采用密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-31G**计算了以二硫醚和芳环为桥基的两类双β-二酮配体的空间构型和电子结构, 结合其配合物晶体结构数据, 研究配体分子电子结构与配位性的关联性. 结果表明, 配体分子的几何构型、前线轨道、偶极矩和电荷布居, 与配合物构型、活性配位原子和配位形式(单核或多核、分子内或分子间)之间的关联性与一致性十分有意义. 配体的理论计算研究可以在一定层次上为配合物几何结构特征和配位特性提供合理的分析与预测.     

非经典铂类抗肿瘤药物研究

本文综述了非经典铂类抗肿瘤药物的发展概况,介绍了具有口服活性的铂(Ⅳ)配合物,具有空间位阻的铂(Ⅱ)配合物,反式铂(Ⅱ、Ⅳ)配合物,多核铂(Ⅱ)配合物和含有铂-硫键的铂(Ⅱ)配合物,并总结了这几类新型铂配合物的抗肿瘤机理,克服顺铂的耐药性机理及其临床进展。     

Dialkyl bisphosphonate platinum(II) complex as a potential drug for metastatic bone tumor

Bisphosphonates have high affinity for hydroxyapatite (HA), which is abundantly present in bone. Also, platinum complexes are known that have a wide spectrum of antitumor activities. The conjugate of bisphosphonate and a platinum complex might have HA affinity and antitumor activity, and become a drug for metastatic bone tumor. In this study, the authors synthesized platinum complexes that had dialkyl bisphosphonic acid as a ligand, and evaluated the possibility of the synthesized complexes as a drug for metastatic bone tumor. The synthesized dialkyl bisphosphonate platinum(II) complex was characterized, and its stability in an aqueous solution was also confirmed. The synthesized platinum complex showed higher HA affinity than other platinum complexes such as cisplatin and carboplatin in an experiment of adsorption to HA. In vitro, the platinum complex showed tumor growth inhibitory effect stronger than or equal to cisplatin, which is the most commonly used antitumor agent. Moreover, the platinum complex showed a bone absorption inhibitory effect on the osteoclast. These results suggest potential of dialkyl bisphosphonate platinum(II) complexes as a drug for metastatic bone tumor.     

A comparison of the binding of metal complexes to duplex and quadruplex DNA

Electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy were used to compare the binding of mononuclear nickel, ruthenium and platinum complexes to double stranded DNA (dsDNA) and quadruplex DNA (qDNA). CD studies provided evidence for the binding of intact complexes of all three metal ions to qDNA. ESI mass spectra of solutions containing platinum or ruthenium complexes and qDNA showed evidence for the formation of non-covalent complexes consisting of intact metal molecules bound to DNA. However, the corresponding spectra of solutions containing nickel complexes principally contained ions consisting of fragments of the initial nickel molecule bound to qDNA. In contrast ESI mass spectra of solutions containing nickel, ruthenium or platinum complexes and dsDNA only showed the presence of ions attributable to intact metal molecules bound to DNA. The fragmentation observed in mass spectral studies of solutions containing nickel complexes and qDNA is attributable to the lower thermodynamic stability of the former metal complexes relative to those containing platinum or ruthenium, as well as the slightly harsher instrumental conditions required to obtain spectra of qDNA. This conclusion is supported by the results of tandem mass spectral studies, which showed that ions consisting of intact nickel complexes bound to qDNA readily undergo fragmentation by loss of one of the ligands initially bound to the metal. The ESI-MS results also demonstrate that the binding affinity of each of the platinum and ruthenium complexes towards qDNA is significantly less than that towards dsDNA.     

Spectroscopic and biological properties of platinum complexes derived from 2-pyridyl Schiff bases

The reactions of a range of aromatic primary amines with pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde were reported, highlighting the effect of the substituents of the amine on the outcomes of the Schiff base reactions. The variant products of the Schiff base reactions were reacted with cis-[PtCl₂(DMSO)₂], generating platinum(II) complexes with PtCl₂(N^N) general formula. The ligands and platinum(II) complexes were identified and characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopic methods. Single crystal XRD offered structural confirmation for three of the organic compounds and two platinum complexes. The spectral, antimicrobial, DNA-binding and molecular docking of the platinum complexes were studied, highlighting the effect of the different functional group in the Schiff base ligands on their properties. In general, introducing the electron-withdrawing group nitro or acetyl in the 2-pyridyl Schiff base ligands, results in a red-shift in the absorption maxima of the platinum complex. In addition, the enhancement in the antimicrobial activities and the increase in the ct-DNA-binding affinity were also observed when the nitro or acetyl functional group is introduced to the Schiff base ligand in the platinum(II) complex.     

抗肿瘤铂配合物的研究进展

综述了30年来抗肿瘤铂配合物的研究进展,重点介绍了违背原有构效关系的铂的新型配合物的设计思想及研究情况,包括铂(Ⅳ)配合物、反式铂配合物、铂高分子配合物等。     

Tridentate N-donor palladium(II) complexes as efficient coordinating quadruplex DNA binders

Fifteen complexes of palladium, platinum, and copper, featuring five different N‐donor tridentate (terpyridine‐like) ligands, were prepared with the aim of testing their G‐quadruplex–DNA binding properties. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer melting assay indicated a striking positive effect of palladium on G‐quadruplex DNA stabilization compared with platinum and copper, as well as an influence of the structure of the organic ligand. Putative binding modes (noncoordinative π stacking and base coordination) of palladium and platinum complexes were investigated by ESI‐MS and UV/Vis spectroscopy experiments, which all revealed a greater ability of palladium complexes to coordinate DNA bases. In contrast, platinum compounds tend to predominantly bind to quadruplex DNA in their aqua form by noncoordinative interactions. Remarkably, complexes of [Pd(ttpy)] and [Pd(tMebip)] (ttpy=tolylterpyridine, tMebip=2,2′‐(4‐p‐tolylpyridine‐2,6‐diyl)bis(1‐methyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole)) coordinate efficiently G‐quadruplex structures at room temperature in less than 1 h, and are more efficient than their platinum counterparts for inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. Altogether, these results demonstrate that both the affinity for G‐quadruplex DNA and the binding mode of metal complexes can be modulated by modifying either the metal or the organic ligand.     

Sorption recovery of platinum(II) and platinum(IV) chloro complexes with a heterochain sulfur-containing sorbent

The recovery of platinum(II) and platinum(IV) chloro complexes from hydrochloric acid and chloride solutions with a new heterochain S,N-containing sorbent, MITKhAT, was studied. The suggested mechanism of formation of platinum(II) mercapto-thio ether complexes in the course of sorption was confirmed by DFT calculations. The results of group and selective recovery of platinum metals with MITKhAT sorbent from simulated and real industrial solutions are reported.     

Combining aspects of the platinum anticancer drugs picoplatin and BBR3464 to synthesize a new family of sterically hindered dinuclear complexes; their synthesis, binding kinetics and cytotoxicity

Picoplatin is a sterically hindered mononuclear platinum drug undergoing clinical trials. The 2-methylpyridine ring provides steric hindrance to the drug, preventing attack from biological nucleophiles. BBR3464 is a trinuclear platinum drug which was recently in Phase II clinical trials, and is highly cytotoxic both in vitro and in vivo; it derives this activity through the flexible adducts it forms with DNA. In this work we sought to combine the properties of both drugs to synthesise a family of sterically hindered, dinuclear platinum complexes as potential anticancer agents. The bis-pyridyl-based ligands were synthesised through a peptide coupling reaction using diaminoalkanes of differing lengths (n = 2, 4 or 8) and 4-carboxypyridine or 2-methyl-4-carboxypyridine. The resultant dinuclear platinum complexes were synthesised by reacting two equivalents of transplatin or mono-aquated transplatin to each ligand, followed by purification by precipitation with acetone. The unprotected complexes react faster with 5'-guanosine monophosphate (drug to nucleotide ratio 1?:?2; t(1/2) = 2 h), glutathione (1?:?10, t(1/2) = 55 min) and human serum albumin (HSA) (1?:?1, t(1/2) = 24 h) compared to their hindered, protected equivalents (5'-guanosine monophosphate, t(1/2) = 3.5 h; glutathione = 1.7 h; HSA, t(1/2) = 110 h). The complexes were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity in the A2780 and A2780/cp70 ovarian cancer cell line. The unprotected platinum complexes were more cytotoxic than their protected derivatives, but none of the complexes were able to overcome resistance. The results provide important proof-of-concept for the development of a larger family of sterically hindered multinuclear-based platinum complexes.     

铂（Ⅱ）类抗肿瘤药物

自顺铂临床用于抗肿瘤药物以来,在铂配合物中寻找新的药物已成为研究的热点,现在已有顺铂、卡铂和奥沙利铂在广泛应用于临床。根据经典的构效关系,上千个新的铂类化合物被设计与合成出来。我们综述了铂（Ⅱ）类抗肿瘤药物近五年的研究状况,介绍了包括含有生物活性基团的铂（Ⅱ）配合物,具有空间位阻的铂（Ⅱ）配合物,反式铂（Ⅱ）配合物,含S、P配位原子铂（Ⅱ）配合物和多核铂（Ⅱ）配合物,总结了这些化合物的抗肿瘤机理、活性。     

Platinum-catalyzed diastereoselective intramolecular coupling of allyl halides and hydrazones

Nucleophilic allyl platinum addition to hydrazones under platinum-catalyzed conditions was studied. To generate nucleophilic allyl platinum complexes, allyl halides were employed with platinum complexes, SnCl(2), and H(2). The allyl platinum(IV) intermediates reacted with the hydrazone to give the corresponding cyclic amine derivatives in good yield and with excellent diastereoselectivity. The cis selectivity of N-tethered substrates was attributed to a tight interaction of allyl platinum species with the hydrazone, on the basis of the results of solvent screening and acid/base addition experiments.