三角变形椭圆截面环电流器的平衡理论和绝热压缩理论

本文研究了带有滴形截面的托卡马克磁流体平衡问题,给出了靠外线圈维持这种平衡所需的电流分布和整个自洽平衡解。重点研究了对这样的位形进行绝热压缩加热等离子体问题,给出了在压缩过程中整个平衡位形随时间的演化。结果表明具有滴形截面的等离子体平衡位形在绝热压缩过程中是能够由初态连续过渡到终态的。 关键词：     

EAST上磁位形和杂质对束离子约束和加热影响的数值模拟

利用程序ORBIT和TRANSP/NUBEAM模拟研究全超导托卡马克实验装置(EAST)等离子体位形和杂质的特征参数Z_eff(有效电荷数)对束离子约束和加热的影响。结果表明：在等离子体位形中,随着最后一个封闭通量表面与中面外容器壁之间的距离(gapout)和环向磁场强度的增加,快离子的损失(包含瞬时损失和波纹损失)也随之减少,因此中性束的加热效率随着gapout的增加而提高。此外,随着背景等离子体杂质的增加(即Z_eff的增加),增加了束损失,导致最后束加热效率降低。选择合适的磁位形,同时降低背景的杂质含量可以增强快离子约束,提高束的加热效率。     

自由界面轴对称等离子体位形的绝热演化

本文将轴对称等离子体的平衡方程与它对磁面求平均的磁面平均方程相结合,求出了等离子体平衡位形随时间的绝热演化。计算结果与解析的Furth-Yoshikawa定标律符合较好。文中还给出了两种不同类型磁压缩装置的等离子体位形的演化。 关键词：     

光脉冲在密度随时间,空间变化的等离子体中的传播

本文定量地研究了光脉冲在密度随时间上升的等离子体中的频率上移,以及在密度随空间上升的等离子体中的脉宽压缩。通过求解波动方程,得到了描述光脉冲的时空演变特征的解析表达式,并在此基础上就脉冲形状、峰值位置、传播速度、脉冲宽度及光子数守恒等问题进行了讨论。     

环形轴对称系统准椭圆截面等离子体平衡的外部解

本文应用两类Wanaerin变换得到一类重要平衡位形——准椭圆截面(包括偏椭圆,长椭圆、泪滴形、戒指形等常见重要位形)外部解。此解不受小倒环径比的限制。在接近等离子体的真空区域取得简单的近似解。 关键词：     

等离子体与外迴路有强耦合的平衡计算

本文考虑了快放电的特点,用积分方法解轴对称自由界面平衡方程。并与解迴路方程相结合,求出等离子体与外迴路有较强耦合情况下的平衡位形及位形随时间的演化。 关键词：     

反场构型等离子体靶压缩过程中强磁场对α粒子能量的约束效应

基于一维弹塑性磁流体力学程序（SSS-MHD）,研究了反场构型（FRC）等离子体靶在磁驱动固体套筒压缩过程中强磁场对α粒子能量约束效应,分析了α粒子的非局域和局域自加热对FRC等离子靶压缩峰值温度的影响,以及α粒子能量在整个压缩过程中端部损失效应。等离子体部分采用多温单流体的模型,能量的计算中引入了DT离子、电子及α粒子多成分温度的能量方程,同时考虑了等离子体压缩过程热平衡下的核反应和非局域自加热问题。研究结果表明,磁化靶聚变等离子体在压缩过程中具有较好的稳定性,能够保持刚性转子的靶结构,压缩过程形成的强磁场能够将α粒子的能量约束在O点附近的区域,有利于等离子体靶的点火及燃烧;α粒子对等离子体的自加热效应主要集中在等离子体电流中心区,而非等离子体中心轴处;α粒子对DT等离子体局域和非局域自加热过程存在差异,局域自加热过程的功率大于非局域自加热过程的功率,FRC等离子靶压缩峰值状态温度相差0.5倍。在反场构型的刮离层区,α粒子的能量端部损失在FRC等离子体靶的压缩和膨胀过程中逐渐增大。     

带有三角变形椭圆截面的环状轴对称等离子体柱的MHD平衡与稳定性

本文采用把流函数按到磁轴的距离展成幂级数的办法,研究了具有小三角变形椭圆截面的轴对称环状等离子体的MHD平衡和局部模不稳定性问题。文章分析了位形的最优化,给出了最佳的三角变形因子。分析表明,适当选择三角变形因子,会使欧姆加热得到显著的增益。 关键词：     

等离子体平衡问题的两种新的数值解法

本文利用基映射方法将流函数方程柯西问题的解近似地表为若干流函数方程第一边值之和,并利用最优逼近条件确定和式中的待定系数。在计算带偏滤器位形时提出了一种迭代方法。能使计算迅速逼近真解。运用有限元方法计算流函数方程第一边值问题,得到包括偏滤器位形在内的等离子体位形及维持场线圈的电流分布。     

HL—1M等离子体的复合锯齿振荡

用软X射线二极管阵列可以很容易地探测到在等离子体内部形成的软X射线辐射扰动的锯齿振荡波形,根据观测到的锯齿振荡的某些特征可以定性地确定等离子体芯部的磁场位形。在托卡马克等离子体加热过程中,电子加热和电流穿透使得电流分布不断峰化、中心磁轴附近的安全因子下降,当中心安全因子q(0)＜1时在q=1磁面附近形成磁岛,磁岛的增长和重联构成了一个完整的锯齿振荡波形。由于电流分布的峰化而形成的振荡被称为单锯齿振荡,振荡的周期和幅度具有单一的特性,尽管它们会随着放电条件的改变而变化,但振荡的单一性保持不变,破裂位于中心磁轴位置。在特定的条件下,当等离子体电流变成中空分布而且在等离子体内部出现两个q=1磁面时,复合锯齿取代常规的单锯齿,它们或者有规则地连续出现,或者间或地出现在单锯齿之间,这取决于中空电流分布的维持程度。我们在HL－1M装置上通过测量软X坶辐射扰动观测到等离子体的复合锯齿振荡。本文叙述的就是在离轴电子回旋共振加热期间所观测到的复合锯齿振荡及其产生的条件,并对锯齿产生的可能的机制作了定性的描述。     

Tokamak plasma equilibrium analysis based on the relaxation method with a specified magnetic axis

In this contribution, we have presented two techniques for the determination of plasma equilibrium position in IR-T1 tokamak: relaxation and optical methods. An analysis method of tokamak plasma equilibrium by a relaxation method with a specified magnetic axis is presented. The degrees of freedom due to designated positions of the magnetic axis are possible by using poloidal field coil currents. Stable steady-state tokamak plasma equilibria are calculated along with the magnetohydrodynamic potential energy. The plasma generates a plasma current which partially or fully cancels the magnetic field from the poloidal field coils. For low-temperature plasmas, the plasma current distribution is centrally peaked; for high-temperature plasmas, the plasma current has a hole. A centrally peaked current distribution in a low-temperature plasma is evolved into a current distribution with a hole by increasing the plasma pressure by Ohmic heating, radio frequency heating, or by neutral beam injection heating. In the second technique, an image-processing technique was used for the output signal of the charge coupled device camera and plasma emission intensity profile and then the plasma position was obtained. Results are compared and discussed.     

HL-2A装置偏滤器室中性气体压强的初步研究

HL-2A装置上首次实现了偏滤器位形放电。采用专门研制的可在强磁场和强噪声环境下工作的快响应真空电离规对偏滤器室内的中性气体压强进行了测量,给出了HL-2A装置偏滤器有关结构的基础数据。初步研究了偏滤器位形和孔栏位形放电期间偏滤器室中性气体压强的特性。     

The MAGO system (magnetic compression)

Results of experimental and theoretical investigations are presented in the frame of magnetohydrodynamic implosion conception MAGnitnoye Obzhatiye or magnetic compression (MAGO). This approach suggests magnetized deuterium-tritium (DT)-plasma preliminary heating and its subsequent adiabatic compression by liner imploded by a magnetic field. DT-plasma preliminary heating is performed using a special plasma chamber MAGO where magnetized plasma is accelerated in an annular nozzle up to velocities ~100 cm/μs and heated in arising collisionless shock waves. Subsequent plasma compression and bringing of its characteristics to the ignition can be realized using explosive magnetic generators with energy 100-500 MJ. This paper discusses the plasma chamber MAGO, physical effects essential for its operation, their relation with other plasma physics areas, as well as problems arising in the MAGO system. Due to its cylindrical symmetry with sole toroidal magnetic field component and essential role of magnetohydrodynamics, the MAGO system and its problems are similar to these in related systems, such as Z-pinches, plasma accelerators, and liner systems     

Feasibility of rf plasma heating in the Globus-M spherical tokamak at frequencies above the ion cyclotron frequency

Feasibility of rf plasma heating in the Globus-M spherical tokamak at frequencies several times higher than the ion cyclotron frequency is considered. Results from a numerical analysis of this problem by using one-and two-dimensional codes are presented. It is shown that, for the plasma parameters attainable in this device, the single-pass absorption of fast magnetosonic waves reaches 60%. The energy is released near the plasma axis. The radiation resistance of a one-loop antenna should be close to 1 Ω. The design of an antenna that allows one to match the rf oscillator to the load is described. The parameters of the antenna resonator required for optimum operation of the antenna are given.     

EASTװ�ô�ֱ���ȶ����о�

对EAST装置偏滤器位形的放电中发生的垂直位移不稳定性的全过程进行了模拟,计算了磁轴垂直位移及垂直位移不稳定性的增长率。模拟的结果与实验结果符合得较好。     

Observation of collisionless plasma heating by strong shock waves

The heating of a plasma by collisionless shock waves is investigated by measuring the variation of magnetic field (with magnetic probes), density and electron temperature (from Thomson scattering of laser light) in the shock waves. The compression waves are produced in a tube of 14 cm diameter by the fast rising magnetic field (12 kG in 0.5Μsec) of a theta pinch. For shocks with Mach numbers between 2 and 3 propagating into a hydrogen or deuterium plasma with a localΒ of about 1 (Β=ratio of particle pressure to magnetic pressure) the measured jump in density and magnetic field across the front is 2 to 4, and the electron temperature increases in the front from 3 to 50 eV with a further rise to between 100 and 250 eV in the piston region. Only about 20% of the measured electron heating can be explained by adiabatic heating and resistive heating based on binary collisions, indicating a high turbulent plasma resistance. Both the observed electron heating and the width of the shock front, which is about 0.6 ·c/Ω _p, can be accounted for using an effective collision frequency close to the ion plasma frequencyΩ _p. The ion heating in the almost stationary shock fronts can be inferred indirectly from the steady state conservation relations. For shock waves with Mach numbersM<M _crit it seems to be consistent with an adiabatic heating process, whereas forM>M _crit the calculated ion temperatures exceed those one would except for a merely adiabatic heating.     

托卡马克放电过程中偏滤器位形的演化

本文研制了适用偏滤器位形的１－１／２维托卡马克输运程度，并该程序模拟了托卡马克装置放电期间偏滤器位形的演化。在纯欧姆加热和有辅助加热两种放电方式下，对不同等离子体电流分布，拉长比，三角形变等参数下等离子体平衡位形的演化过程进行了计算机模拟。     

辅助加热下HL-2A边界层等离子体数值模拟

以二维边界等离子体流体模拟代码B2.5为核心,编制适合于具有封闭偏滤器位形特征托卡马克的边界层网格划分代码和计算后处理代码.模拟分析HL-2A托卡马克有约3MW辅助加热功率时的边界等离子体特性.结果表明,偏滤器靶板前形成了致密低温等离子体,偏滤器运行于高再循环状态.     

KT—5B托卡马克上阿尔芬波加热实验中天线阻抗的测量

一、引 言 托卡马克等离子体中的阿尔芬波加热实验研究自80年代初以来取得了许多有价值的实验结果。在阿尔芬波加热实验中,天线辐射阻抗的测量是十分重要的。天线辐射阻抗的变化不仅直接反映了阿尔芬波与等离子体之间的能量耦合情况,而且也反映了波在等离子体中传播过程的某些物理特性。例如,出现离散阿尔芬波(DAW模)或表面静电波(SEW模)便会使阻抗出现较大的峰值。因此,探索一种简便易行又能反映阻抗随放电时间变化的细微