DFT能量分解和氮苄叉基苯胺分子π电子离域能的研究

为了探索密度泛函理论(DFT)方法中氮苄叉基苯胺分子π电子离域的本质, 介绍了将非平面分子氮苄叉基苯胺分子的DFT能量分成π和σ的方法, 并将π和σ电子能量分成单电子能部分: 动能ΔEπK(θ), ΔEσK(θ)和位能ΔEπP(θ), ΔEσP(θ); 双电子相互作用部分: 库仑作用ΔEππJ(θ), ΔEσσJ(θ), ΔEπσJ(θ)和交换相关作用ΔEππXC(θ), ΔEσσXC(Δ)以及ΔEπσXC(θ), 分析了垂直离域能ΔEV的稳定性及π电子离域对π和σ体系的影响. 在B3LYP/6-31G*, 6-311G*, 6-31G(2d), 6-311G(2d)水平下的计算结果表明, 与经典观点不同, π电子的离域是失稳定的, 且平面时失稳定性最强; 分析各个能量分量表明, 在π电子的离域过程中, π和σ体系均对基组较敏感, π体系本身单电子能的影响大于σ体系, π电子离域对双电子部分作用的影响主要体现在π-σ的耦合作用上.     

氮苄叉基苯胺及其衍生物的构象

为了探索氮苄叉基苯胺及其衍生物产生大扭角构象的根本原因,对21个分子分别在HF/6-311G^**和B3LYP/6-311G^**水平下进行了全优化和近似的势能面扫描.结果显示,分子扭曲的驱动力源于分子内的电子相互作用,片段间的核排斥作用是分子扭曲的阻力.经B3LYP/6-311G^**势能面扫描后,分别用HF,BLYP,BVWN,B3LYP和MP2法在不同的基组下对各旋转构象再作单点能运算.在简单的NBA分子中,STO-3G可以足够精确地描述分子扭曲的驱动力,但是它不能很好地描述分子内的氢键效应.     

N-苄叉基-2-氨基噻唑及其类似物的构象和分子内的扭曲驱动力

确定了N-苄叉基-2-氨基噻唑(2a)和N-对硝基苄叉基-2-氨基噻唑(2b)的晶体结构.结合已报道的N-对硝基苄叉基-2-氨基嘧啶(1a),N-对硝基苄叉基-2-氨基吡啶(1b)和N-苄叉基-3-氨基吡啶(2c)的晶体结构,利用AM1,RHF,DFT方法和6-311G,6-311G^**基组,优化每个分子的22个旋转构象(θ=0°～90°).由DFT法所得到的最优构象的扭角θ(1a,22°;1b,0°;1c,42°;2a、2b:0°)与实验值(1a,26°;1b,20°;1c,46°;2a,8.8°;2b,3.8°)最接近.尽管分子最优构象扭角的差异很大,但总电子能最稳定的构象都在θ=±42°附近.在任一分子、任何电子态中,离域的π体系总是失稳定的,全平面构象不是π体系最稳定的构象.无论是离域的还是定域的π体系,它们均倾向于扭曲的几何构象.π电子的离域是分子扭曲的驱动力之一.与经典观点相反,非键原子间的核排斥作用是分子扭曲的阻力,而不是动力.     

氮苄叉苯胺-银纳米超分子体系的紫外光谱研究

合成了38个不含OH,NH_2和SH基团的4,4’-二取代氮苄叉苯胺衍生物(p-XBAY-p)以及银纳米粒子,分别测定了p-XBAY-p、银纳米粒子(AgNPs)以及(p-XBAY-p)-AgNPs超分子体系的紫外吸收光谱,研究了取代基效应对该超分子体系紫外光谱的影响。结果表明:化合物的紫外吸收波长会随着AgNPs的加入而发生不同程度的偏移,并存在偏移极限,其偏移程度与取代基X和Y有关;通过纳米粒度电位仪(Nano ZS90,Malvern)测定,超分子体系中银纳米粒子体积变大;用Hammett参数σ,激发态取代基参数σ■对超分子体系紫外吸收光谱的偏移值Δν_(WSL)(波数,cm~(-1))进行定量相关,得到一个三参数方程。所得方程表明,本文(p-XBAY-p)-AgNPs超分子体系紫外光谱的变化规律与含羟基二芳基席夫碱-银纳米超分子体系紫外光谱的变化规律有较大差异。     

1,2,3-三氮杂苯-水复合物氢键相互作用

Density functional theory B3LYP method with 6-31++G** basis was used to optimize the geometries of the ground states for 1,2,3-triazine-(H2O)n (n=1,2,3) complexes. All calculations indicate that the 1,2,3-triazine-water complexes in the ground states have strong hydrogen-bonding interaction, and the complex having a N…H-O hydrogen bond and a chain of water molecules which is terminated by a O…H-C hydrogen bond is the most stable. The H-O stretching modes of complexes are red-shifted relative to that of the monomer. In addition, the Natural bond orbit (NBO) analysis indicates that the intermolecular charge transfer between 1,2,3-triazine and water is 0.0222e, 0.0261e and 0.0273e for the most stable 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 complexes, respectively. The first singlet (n, π*) vertical excitation energy of the monomer 1,2,3-triazine and the hydrogen-bonding complexes of 1,2,3-triazine-(H2O)n were investigated by time-dependent density functional theory.     

邻二氮杂苯-水复合物的氢键结构与性质

用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法和MP2方法对邻二氮杂苯-水复合物基态的氢键结构与相互作用能进行了理论计算,结果表明复合物之间存在较强的氢键N…H－O.在复合物中,水的H－O对称伸缩振动频率明显红移.同时,使用含时密度泛函理论方法计算了邻二氮杂苯单体及复合物的低占据1(n,π*) 和1(π,π*) 态的垂直激发能,计算结果与实验值吻合较好.     

二苯二硫和二苄二硫润滑性能的量子化学研究

The molecular geometries optimization and electronic structures of diphenyl disulfide (DPDS) and dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS) compounds were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio method at the 6-31G basis set level. The active atoms and bonds of reaction were provided by frontier molecular orbital theory. The molecular orbital parameters of DPDS and DBDS compounds and iron atom cluster were calculated by using density functional theory. The interaction pattern between the organic disulfide compounds and iron atom cluster was discussed based on the approximate rule of orbital energy. Some parameters characterizing the action strength between the organic disulfide compounds and iron atom cluster, including the bonding strength, reactive strength and static action strength, were analyzed by using frontier electron density, super de-localizability, net atomic charge and the interaction energy of chemical adsorption as criteria. The results indicate that S-S chemical bond and C-S chemical bond of the compounds are inclined to be broken when DPDS and DBDS interact with the metal. The anti wear ability order of DPDS and DBDS compounds is DPDS>DBDS, and the extreme pressure ability order of DPDS and DBDS compounds is DBDS>DPDS, and the prediction results based on quantum chemistry calculations are in good accordance with the friction and wear test results.     

1,2,4-三氮杂苯-(H2O)n复合物氢键相互作用的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论方法在B3LYP／6—31 G**水平上对1，2，4-三氮杂苯-(H2O)n(n=1，2，3)氢键复合物的基态进行了结构优化和能量计算，结果表明复合物之间存在较强的氢键作用，所有稳定复合物结构中形成一个N…H--O氢键并终止于弱O…H—C氢键的氢键水链的构型最稳定．同时，用含时密度泛函理论方法(TD—DPT)在TD—B3LYP／6—31 G**水平上计算了1,2，4-三氮杂苯单体及其氢键复合物的单重态第-1(n，π*)垂直激发能．     

7-氮杂吲哚衍生物分子基态和激发态性质的理论研究

用从头算HF和密度泛函B3LYP方法对7-氮杂吲哚衍生物1,3-二(N-7-氮杂吲哚基)苯、1,3,5 三(N-7-氮杂吲哚基)苯和4,4′-二(N-7-氮杂吲哚基)联苯进行全优化, 计算分子的电离势IP和电子亲和势EA等相关能量, 并用ZINDO和TDDFT方法计算吸收光谱, 用CIS优化三种化合物分子的S1激发态结构, 并分析其能量与发射光谱的关系, 计算溶剂中分子的吸收和发射光谱, 并与实验结果对照. 计算结果表明, 从7-氮杂吲哚到上述三种衍生物依次愈来愈容易接受空穴, 吸收和发射光谱红移.     

1,2,4-三氮杂苯-(H2O)n复合物氢键相互作用的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论方法在B3LYP/6-31++G**水平上对1,2,4-三氮杂苯-(H₂O)_n (n＝1, 2, 3)氢键复合物的基态进行了结构优化和能量计算, 结果表明复合物之间存在较强的氢键作用, 所有稳定复合物结构中形成一个N…H—O氢键并终止于弱O…H—C氢键的氢键水链的构型最稳定. 同时, 用含时密度泛函理论方法(TD-DFT)在TD-B3LYP/6-31++G**水平上计算了1,2,4-三氮杂苯单体及其氢键复合物的单重态第一¹(n, π^*)垂直激发能.     

有机二硫化物润滑添加剂抗磨极压性能的密度泛函理论研究

用量子化学的密度泛函理论计算了12种有机二硫化物和铁原子簇的分子轨道指数及其与铁原子簇的化学吸附作用能, 探讨了这种作用能与抗磨性能的关系; 运用轨道能量近似原则讨论了有机二硫化物与铁原子的作用方式; 以前线电子密度、超离域性指数和原子净电荷作为判据分析了12种有机二硫化物与铁原子间键合的强弱、反应性的大小等表征有机二硫化物与金属作用强弱的参数。结果表明: 有机二硫化物与铁接触时, 在较缓和条件下, SS键优先断裂与金属发生化学吸附形成配位键, 起到抗磨作用; 在高负荷下, 与金属发生常规条件下不能发生的化学反应, 即CS键断裂生成无机膜, 起到极压作用; 且随着碳链的增长, 有机二硫化物的抗磨性能愈来愈好, 但极压性能愈来愈差; 运用量子化学计算得到的预测结果与摩擦学试验结果具有良好的一致性, 可为同类极压添加剂化合物的分子设计提供较为可靠的参考依据和理论方法。     

钴卟啉过氧中间体向环己烷夺氢的密度泛函计算

采用密度泛函理论计算方法模拟了简单钴卟啉过氧中间体PCo-O2与环己烷C6H12的作用,分析了反应路径中各驻点能量和反应过渡态分子构型。研究结果表明,PCo-O2向底物环己烷夺氢的反应可以延正方向进行,二线态PCo-O2更具反应活性,反应过程中Co-O键得到加强,O-O键被削弱。依据理论计算结果,探讨了四苯基钴卟啉催化环己烷氧化生成环己醇和环己酮的反应机理,指出反应延Lyons高价金属氧代物机理生成环己醇,而反应循环中产生的烷基自由基可以延烷基过氧化过渡金属配合物反应机理进行生成环己酮。     

Theoretical Density Functional Theory insights into the nature of chalcogen bonding between CX2 (X = S,Se, Te) and diazine from monomer to supramolecular complexes

Chalcogen bonding is a noncovalent interaction, highly similar to halogen and hydrogen bonding, occurring between a chalcogen atom and a nucleophilic region. Two density functional theory (DFT) approaches B3LY-D3 and B97-D3 were performed on a series of complexes formed between CX₂ (X = S, Se, Te) and diazine (pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine). Chalcogen atoms prefer interacting with the lone pair of a nitrogen atom rather than with the π-cloud of an aromatic ring. CTe₂ and CSe₂ form a stronger chalcogen bond than CS₂. The electrostatic potential of CX₂ (X = S, Se and Te) reveals the presence of two equivalent σ-holes, one on each chalcogen atom. These CX₂ molecules interact with diazine giving rise to supramolecular interactions. Wiberg bond index and second-order perturbation theory analysis in NBO were performed to better understand the nature of the chalcogen bond interaction.     

CO2在Cu表面还原成碳氢化合物的DFT计算研究

应用密度泛函理论（DFT）反应能计算及最小能量路径分析研究了CO2在气相和电化学环境中于Cu(111)单晶表面的还原过程。气相中,CO2还原为碳氢化合物的反应路径可能为：CO2(g) + H* → COOH* → (CO +OH)* → CHO*;CHO + H* → CH2O* → (CH2 + O)*;CH2* + 2H* → CH4或2CH2* → C2H4。整个反应由CO2(g) + H* → COOH* → (CO +OH)*,(CO + H)* → CHO*和CH2O* → (CH2 + O)*等几个步骤联合控制。在-0.50V (vs RHE) 以正的电势下,CO2在Cu(111)表面电化学还原主要形成HCOO-和CO吸附物;随着电势逐渐负移,CO2加氢解离形成CO的反应越来越容易,CO成为主要产物;随电势进一步变负,形成碳氢化合物的趋势逐渐变强。与CO2的气相化学还原不同的是,电化学环境下CO质子化形成的CHO中间体倾向于解离形成CH,而在气相中CHO中间体则倾向于进一步质子化形成CH2O中间体。     

钾搀杂对叠氮化亚铜晶体能带结构影响的DFT研究

运用广义梯度近似(GGA)密度泛函理论（DFT）方法对钾搀杂叠氮化亚铜晶体的原子和电子结构以及缺陷形成能进行了研究。结果表明,钾搀杂破坏了叠氮酸根的对称性,导致不对称的原子位移。随着搀杂钾浓度的增加,搀杂叠氮化亚铜晶体的带隙逐渐增大。热力学上,杂质钾很容易被搀杂到叠氮化亚铜晶体中,而且钾还充当了缺陷团簇的成核中心。最后,从电子结构角度理解了搀杂钾浓度对叠氮化亚铜晶体感度的影响。     

N-苄叉基-1-氨基-萘及其类似物的构象与分子扭曲的共轭 驱动力

确定了N-[(4-二甲基氨基)-苄叉基]-2-氨基苯并咪唑(1)，N-[(4-二甲基氨基)-苄叉基]-2-氨基苯并噻唑(2)和N-苄叉基-1-氨基-萘(3)的晶体结构。利用AM1，RHF，DFT方法和STO-3G,4-31G,6-311G及6-311G基组，优化每个分子的23个扭曲构象(θ=0°～-89°)。尽管不同方法得到的最优构象的扭角不同，分子扭曲的驱动力总是起因于电子作用，在任一分子、任何电子态中，离域的π体系总是失稳定的，全平面构象不是π体系最稳定的构象。π电子的离域是分子扭曲的驱动力之一，与经典观点相反，非键原子间的核排斥作用是分子扭曲的阻力，而不是动力。     

靛玉红及其异构体构效关系的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法计算了靛玉红及其异构体分子的几何构型、电子结构以及前线分子轨道等,研究了结构与抗癌活性之间的关系,探讨了其构效关系上的差异.结果表明,分子是否具有平面构型和广泛共轭体系、3′位C原子的净电荷、分子偶极矩等参数的差异是影响各异构体药效的主要因素.提高3′位C原子的负电荷和增大分子偶极矩将有助于提高化合物的抗癌活性.     

EPR and DFT Study of the Polycyclic Aromatic Radical Cations from Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Reactions

Electron paramagnetic resonance and electron-nuclear double resonance methods were used to study the polycyclic aromatic radical cations produced in a Friedel-Crafts alkylating sys- tem, with m-xylene, or p-xylene and alkyl chloride. The results indicate that the observed electron paramagnetic resonance spectra are due to polycyclic aromatic radicals formed from the parent hydrocarbons. It is suggested that benzyl halides produced in the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions undergo Scholl self-condensation to give polycyclic aromatic hydrocar- bons, which are converted into corresponding polycyclic aromatic radical cations in the presence of AlCl3. The identification of observed two radicals 2,6-dimethylanthracene and 1,4,5,8-tetramethylanthraeene were supported by density functional theory calculations using the B3LYP/6-31G（d,p）//B3LYP/6-31G（d） approach. The theoretical coupling constants support the experimental assignment of the observed radicals.     

Benchmark Calculations on the Atomization Enthalpy, Geometry and Vibrational Frequencies of UF6 with Relativistic DFT Methods

Benchmark calculations on the molar atomization enthalpy, geometry, and vibrational frequencies of uranium hexafluoride （UF6） have been performed by using relativistic density functional theory （DFT） with various levels of relativistic effects, different types of basis sets, and exchange-correlation functionals. Scalar relativistic effects are shown to be critical for the structural properties. The spin-orbit coupling effects are important for the calculated energies, but are much less important for other calculated ground-state properties of closed-shell UF6. We conclude through systematic investigations that ZORA- and RECP-based relativistic DPT methods are both appropriate for incorporating relativistic effects. Comparisons of different types of basis sets （Slater, Gaussian, and plane-wave types） and various levels of theoretical approximation of the exchange-correlation functionals were also made.     

Electron and Geometry Structure of Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes of Guanine with One Molecule Methanol. A DFT Level Study

Summary. The geometries, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and energies of eight hydrogen-bonded complexes of guanine with one molecule methanol are computed using the DFT (B3LYP) method together with the 6-31+G* basis functions. In the investigation two stable tautomers of guanine (oxo-amino N9H and oxo-amino N7H) were chosen. They were included in a variety of H-bonded complexes with one molecule methanol. In order to investigate the nature of the intermolecular bonds, the bonding energies and thermodynamic properties of the complexes were calculated.