二甲醚/氧气/氩气低压层流预混燃烧研究

利用同步辐射真空紫外单光子电离结合分子束质谱技术,对当量比φ=1.5的低压预混层流二甲醚火焰进行了实验研究。通过测量光电离质谱和光电离效率曲线,探测到了二甲醚/氧气/氩气的燃烧产物和火焰中间物,包括不稳定的分子和自由基。通过测量离子信号的空间分布曲线,计算了二甲醚/氧气/氩气火焰的主要物种C_2H_6O、O_2、Ar、H_2、H_2O、CO和CO_2的摩尔分数曲线,以及主要中间物种如CH_2O、C_2H_2、C_2H_4、CH_3OH、C_2H_2O、C_2H_4O、CH_3、CH_4、HCO、C_3H_3和C_3H_4的摩尔分数曲线,并分析了主要中间物种的产生和消耗过程。     

密度泛函理论研究Rhn(n=2-5)团簇与部分小分子体系的相互作用

采用密度泛函理论系统计算研究了Rhn（n=2-5）团簇吸附小分子（H2、O2、N2、NO、CO、NO2、CO2）体系的基态几何结构和电子结构特性。结果表明：N2、NO、CO和CO2在Rhn表面以物理吸附的形式存在,H2和NO2在Rhn表面发生化学吸附,O2在Rhn表面的吸附与Rh团簇所含原子数目的奇偶性密切相关：O2在含奇数原子铑团簇表面发生化学吸附、在含偶数原子铑团簇表面发生物理吸附;对于各小分子在Rhn表面的物理吸附而言,吸附能强弱顺序为NO>(CO≈NO2≈O2)>(CO2≈N2)>H2。     

金属氧化物薄膜在中波红外光谱区内光学常数色散特性

基于金属氧化物薄膜材料在中波红外波段应用的需求,研究了含水状态的TiO2、HfO2、Ta2O5和Y2O34种金属氧化物薄膜在中波红外波段内(2.5~5μm)光学常数的色散特性。利用电子束蒸发沉积技术,在超光滑的硅表面制备了4种氧化物薄膜,基于洛仑兹振子介电常数色散模型,通过透射率光谱反演计算了4种氧化物薄膜的光学常数。研究结果表明:4种氧化物均有少量的水分子、羟基,水含量从少到多的薄膜依次为TiO2、HfO2、Ta2O5和Y2O3,在远离水吸收的位置,消光系数从小到大的薄膜分别为TiO2、HfO2、Ta2O5和Y2O3;在电子束蒸发沉积工艺条件下,为了降低水的影响,TiO2和HfO2是中红外波段较为理想的金属氧化物薄膜材料。     

11-钨锌三元杂多阴离子层状化合物的合成、表征及催化活性

用离子交换法将具有K egg in结构11-钨锌三元杂多化合物K8[M ZnW11（H2O）O39]（M=Co2＋、N i2＋、Cu2＋、Cd2＋）嵌入到Zn2A l类水滑石中,得到层状化合物：Zn2A l-[M ZnW11（H2O）O39]（M=Co2＋、N i2＋、Cu2＋、Cd2＋）,并用XRD、IR、UV对其进行了表征。结果表明,杂多阴离子进入水滑石层间后,仍保留了其K egg in结构。利用层状化合物催化合成乙酸正丁酯考察其催化活性,结果表明,层状化合物在酯化反应中显示优良的催化性能。     

污泥低温热解过程中含硫气体释放实验研究

对污水处理厂污泥空干基进行了低温热解实验,研究了N₂、空气和CO₂气氛下六种含硫气体（H₂S、SO₂、CH₃SH、CS₂、C₂H₆S₂和COS）的释放特性,分析了其释放机理。结果表明:污泥低温热解时释放的含硫气体主要以H₂S、SO₂和CH₃SH形态为主,同时伴有少量CS₂、C₂H₆S₂和COS生成。H₂S、SO₂和CH₃SH生成机理以有机硫转化途径为主。FeS₂与CH₄的反应是CS₂生成的可能途径,CH₃SH的存在为C₂H₆S₂的生成提供了条件。CO₂促进了固态有机硫向气态硫的转化,O₂促进了已生成的CH₃SH的分解。     

氧化偶氮苯双席夫碱化合物对Cu~(2+)的比色识别

为得到简便地识别Cu~(2+)的传感器,设计合成了氧化偶氮苯双席夫碱化合物。采用紫外吸收光谱法研究了化合物对Cu~(2+)的配合作用及对As~(3+)、Mo~(6+)、Mn~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、Pb~(2+)、Al~(3+)、Hg~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Pt~(4+)、Mg~(2+)、Be~(2+)、Sr~(2+)、Cs+、Os4+、Cd~(2+)、Se~(4+)、Cr~(6+)、Co~(2+)、Rb+、Ba~(2+)、V6+、Ca~(2+)等23种金属离子的干扰作用。采用等摩尔的连续变化法(Job-plot),研究了化合物与Cu~(2+)形成配合物的配比。用红外光谱法研究了配合机理。同时研究了在EDTA存在时,化合物对Cu~(2+)的"off-on"性质。结果表明,合成的化合物具有大共轭体系,结构新颖且稳定。化合物可以克服23种金属离子的干扰,对Cu~(2+)的选择性很高。化合物与Cu~(2+)形成1∶1型强发光配合物,可以达到比色(裸眼)识别。在1.32~13.0μmol·L~(-1)范围内,化合物紫外光谱吸光度值与Cu~(2+)浓度呈现良好的线性关系,线性范围宽,最低检出限为2.6×10-7mol·L~(-1)。在EDTA存在时,该配合物释放出Cu~(2+),表现出对Cu~(2+)的"off-on"模式,红外光谱法研究明确了化合物与Cu~(2+)的结合位点。研究结果表明,所合成的氧化偶氮苯双席夫碱化合物可以对Cu~(2+)实现简便易行的比色(裸眼)识别。     

2H-PbI2晶体的电子结构和力学性质

采用基于密度泛函平面波赝势方法(PWP)方法,计算了六角晶系2H-PbI2晶体的电子结构、力学性质和硬度。采用局域密度近似(LDA)方法计算的晶格常数、带隙、弹性常数与实验值和理论值符合较好。计算表明,2H-PbI2是一种直接带隙的半导体,带隙大约为2。38eV。运用复杂晶体硬度计算公式计算了六角晶系2H-PbI2晶体的硬度,硬度值大约为2. 54 GPa。还发现2H-PbI2晶体的各向异性非常明显。     

高压下ReN2的弹性性质

超硬材料在工业上具有广泛的应用前景,如切割器具、研磨材料及耐磨涂层等。作为5d过渡金属双氮化合物之一的ReN_2由共价键、离子键及金属键混合而成,因而具有诸多如高硬度、高熔点、耐腐蚀等优异的物理性质,进而具有潜在的研究价值。采用密度泛函理论中的平面波赝势法计算了零温零压下C2/m-ReN_2的结构性质,并首次研究了高压下C2/m-ReN_2的力学结构稳定性及弹性性质。研究得出了C2/m-ReN_2的弹性常数、弹性模量、德拜温度、声速随压强的变化关系,除个别弹性常数,这些物理量皆随压强的增加而增加。还预测了C2/m-ReN_2的韧脆性,并估算了C2/m-ReN_2的维氏硬度。     

纳米固体超强酸的制备及表征

本文采用不同的金属离子(Sn2+,Sn4+,Al3+,Ag+,Ni2+)和SO2-4浸渍ZrO(OH)2的方法制备了一系列金属改性的SO2-4/ZrO2的纳米固体超强酸。并通过指示剂法测定其酸强度,用IR、BET、XRD、TEM及化学分析等多种试验手段对催化剂进行表征,并通过正己烷裂解反应考察了该类固体超强酸催化剂的催化活性。结果发现:不同的金属离子掺杂制得的改性SO2-4/ZrO2催化剂具有不同的性能。Sn2+、Sn4+和Al3+掺杂的超强酸有较强的酸性,但只有Ni2+、Sn2+掺杂的SO2-4/ZrO2样品具有正己烷裂解反应活性,Ag+、Sn4+掺杂改性的SO2-4/ZrO2样品不具有正己烷裂解活性。     

掺杂对MoS2吸附H2的电子结构影响

本文应用Materials Studio软件对MoS₂分别进行了Si、O、N原子的替换掺杂,以探究掺杂和吸附对MoS₂材料的电子结构的影响。研究发现：稳定性由强到弱依次为：O-MoS2-H₂、MoS₂-H₂、N-MoS₂-H₂、Si-MoS₂-H₂,即O-MoS₂-H₂的形成能最低,为相对最稳定的结构;掺杂后体系的成键形式更有可能为离子键;吸附和掺杂均能影响MoS₂电子结构,MoS₂-H₂、O-MoS₂-H₂、Si-MoS₂-H₂能隙值处于0～2.0eV之间,体系表现为半导体性,N-MoS₂-H₂能隙值为0eV,体系表现为金属性;掺杂体系中总态密度主要是...     

Low-temperature sintering of KNN with excess alkaline elements and the study of its ferroelectric domain structure

In the present work, lead-free K_0.48Na_0.52NbO₃ (KNN) ceramics were synthesized by conventional ceramics processes. The excess 3.3 mol% Na₂CO₃ and 1.1 mol% K₂CO₃ were added to decrease the sintering temperature to 990 °C and effectively promote the densification of KNN ceramics. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the excess Na₂CO₃ and K₂CO₃ would induce the formation of the A-site riched secondary phase with the sintering temperature. Compositional segregation phenomenon enhanced by different sintering temperature, spurs the formation of secondary phase in KNN-AEe ceramics. In addition, the difference between ferroelectric domain structure of the poled and as-sintered KNN-AEe samples for 990 °C was investigated. Via XRD analysis and SEM observation, it was found that the domain orientation was urged during the poling process.     

Electron spin resonance of chromia-yttria solid solutions

Electron spin resonance spectra of chromia-yttria solid solutions have been studied at room temperature for Cr concentrations between 0.20 and 2.00 mol%. Isolated Cr³⁺ ions in sites with two different symmetries were observed, as well as well as Cr³⁺ ions coupled by the exchange interaction. The relative concentration of isolated to coupled Cr³⁺ ions decreases with increasing chromium concentration. The results are consistent with the assumption that the chromium ions occupy preferentially the C₂ symmetry sites. A theoretical calculation based on this model yields an effective range of the exchange interaction between Cr³⁺ ions of 0.64 nm, of the same order as that of Cr³⁺ ions in MgO.     

SANS investigation on evolution of pore morphology for varying sintering time in porous ceria

Precipitates of ceria were synthesized by homogeneous precipitation method using cerium nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine at 80°C. The precipitates were ground to fine particles of average size ∼0.7 μm. Circular disks with 10 mm diameter, 2 and 3 mm thickness were prepared from the green compacts by sintering at 1300° C for three different sintering times. Evolution of the pore structures in these specimens with sintering time was investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The results show that the peak of the pore size distribution shifts towards the larger size with increasing sintering time although the extent of porosity decreases. This indicates that finer pores are eliminated from the system at a faster rate than the coarser ones as sintering proceeds and some of the finer pores coalesce to form bigger ones.     

External strain effect on the electronic and mechanical properties of the superconductor Nb2InC

We use first-principles method to investigate the effects of external strain ε on the structural, mechanical and electronic properties for the superconductor Nb₂InC. The results show that the tensile strain induces an isostructural phase transition in Nb₂InC. The elastic constants C_ij, bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Young's moduli E, and Poisson ratio v_ij of Nb₂InC were also investigated in the range from ε=−10% to ε=10%. It indicates that Nb₂InC is mechanically stable under external strain, and its brittle–ductile transition occurs at ε=3.5%. Moreover, Nb₂InC gets a negative Poisson ratio at ε=4%. The calculated electronic structures indicate that the Nb–C bonding is stronger than Nb–In bonding in Nb₂InC. The energy band structures and densities of states of strained Nb₂InC were also calculated and discussed in detail. From these calculations, it is clear that the related properties of Nb₂InC can be easily tuned by strain. Therefore, our findings are very useful to tailor the physical properties of Nb₂InC by using strain engineering.     

Photoluminescence properties of Eu in lithium titanate

Lithium titanate ceramics doped with Eu were synthesized and their photoluminescence (PL) and emission spectral characteristics were investigated. PL spectra of the sample showed peaks corresponding to the ⁵D₀→⁷F_J (J=0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) transitions under 230 nm excitation. The fluorescence lifetimes of Eu³⁺ ions were found out to be 645 μs. Strong red emission coming from the hypersensitive ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ transition of Eu³⁺ ion suggested the presence of the dopant ion in highly asymmetric environment. Further analysis of the emission spectrum revealed that the symmetry of the metal ion is very low i.e. C₂. The emission intensity of the sample was compared with a commercial phosphor to get an idea about the commercial utility of the phosphor. Various emission properties for the system namely Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters, spontaneous emission probabilities, branching ratios, radiative lifetimes and quantum efficiency were evaluated for the dopant ion by adopting standard procedure.     

Influence of zirconium doping on structure,microstructure, dielectric and impedance properties of strontium bismuth niobate ceramics

Efforts have been made in this work to enhance the dielectric properties of SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) by partial substitution of Zr⁴⁺ for Nb⁵⁺. Systematic investigations on structure, microstructure, dielectric and impedance properties of the SrBi₂(Nb_2−(4/5)xZr_x)O₉ [where, x = 0, 0.1 and 0.2] ceramic samples were carried out to understand the effect of substitution of Zr⁴⁺ for Nb⁵⁺ in SrBi₂Nb₂O₉. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations indicated that the lattice volume of SrBi₂(Nb_{2− (4/5)x}Zr_x)O₉ with x = 0.1 and 0.2 decreases compared to SBN. The SEM investigations revealed an increase in the size of grains and the change on shape of grains to elongated plate shaped structure with the increase of x (x = 0.1 and 0.2) in SrBi₂(Nb_2−(4/5)xZr_x)O₉. Higher Curie temperature and enhanced peak dielectric constant at the Curie temperature were observed for both the SrBi₂(Nb_2−(4/5)xZr_x)O₉ with x = 0.1 and 0.2 ceramic samples compared to SBN. Among the investigated compositions the higher Curie temperature and enhanced peak dielectric constant at the Curie temperature was observed for SrBi₂(Nb_2−(4/5)xZr_x)O₉ with x = 0.1.     

Structural and electronic behavior of Sr2GdRuO6 complex perovskite

We report experimental and theoretical study of crystallographic lattice and electronic structure of Sr₂GdRuO₆ complex perovskite, which is used as precursor in the fabrication process of superconducting ruthenocuprate RuSr₂GdCu₂O₈. Samples were produced by the standard solid state reaction. Rietveld refinement of experimental X-ray diffraction patterns shows that material crystallizes in a monoclinic structure, which belongs to the P2₁/n (#14) space group, with lattice parameters , , , and tilt angle β=90.258. Calculations of electronic structure were performed by the density functional theory. The exchange and correlation potentials were included through the LDA+U approximation. Density of states (DOS) study was carried out considering the two spin polarizations. Results show Gd are majority responsible for the magnetic character in this material, but Ru contribution is also relevant because d-orbital is closer to Fermi level. Theoretical results evidence that Sr₂GdRuO₆ material behaves as a magnetic semiconductor, with 20μ_B effective magnetic moment.     

Evidence for clustering in Mn-doped CeO2

Electron spin resonance spectra of manganese-doped cerium oxide have been studied at room temperature for Ce concentrations between 0.01 and 1.00 mol%. The linewidths and intensities of the lines associated with isolated manganese ions have a maximum between 0.20 and 0.40 mol%. The results suggest that the solid solution of Mn in CeO₂ is not random, but exhibits significant clustering effects.     

Influence of manganese concentration on the ESR spectrum of Mn in Ca(OH)2

Electron spin resonance spectra of manganese-doped calcium hydroxide were studied at room temperature for Mn concentrations between 0.01 and 2.00 mol%. The results suggest that the range of the exchange interaction between Mn²⁺ ions is about 1.05 nm.     

Structural properties, electric response and electronic feature of perovskite

It has been observed that the semiconducting compound SnO₂ presents very good results as gas sensor. One important development has been performed to study perovskite oxides for this relevant application. One oxide material which constitutes an excellent candidate for this technological application is BaSnO₃. Polycrystalline samples with single phase of BaSnO₃ were synthesized by using the solid state reaction method. Samples were characterized structurally by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Rietveld refinement, by using the GSAS code, reveals that this material synthesizes in a cubic perovskite, space group Pm3m (#221), with lattice parameter . Electric response was examined through the impedance spectroscopy technique. Results of Bode diagram, from an equivalent circuit, evidence the semiconductor character of material. We carried out a theoretical study by means of the calculation of the bands diagram and the density of states of the BaSnO₃. Calculation was performed by employing the density functional theory (DFT), with the generalized gradient approach (GGA). DFT theory permitted to establish that BaSnO₃ material has an indirect semiconducting behavior. The calculated gap for this perovskite-like stagnate is at least 0.4 eV. Bulk modulus for material was also determined to be 132 GPa.