Co(OH)_2和Ni粉对氢氧化镍电极性能的影响

采用三角波电位扫描、X射线衍射及恒流充放电曲线法研究了在氢氧化镍电极中添加Co( OH) 2 和 Ni粉后对电极性能的影响 .结果表明 ,氢氧化镍电极中加入质量分数为 8% Co( OH) 2和 13% Ni粉时 ,电极的放电容量最高 ,电极在充放电循环过程中的膨胀最小 .     

球型Ni(OH)2表面包覆Y(OH)3及其高温充放电性能

应用共沉淀的方法在球型Ni(OH)₂的表面包覆了一层Y(OH)₃,并研究了包覆不同含钇量后的球型Ni(OH)₂的高温充放电性能。研究结果表明:包覆Y(OH)₃的球型Ni(OH)₂具有良好的高温充放电性能。其中1C充放电条件下,包覆量为0.3%的Ni(OH)₂较好,0.2C充放电条件下,包覆量为1%的Ni(OH)₂较好。     

掺杂NiO的Ni(OH)_2电化学性能研究

于Ni(OH)2中添加具有电容特性和大电流充放电性能良好的NiO.研究发现掺杂5%NiO的Ni(OH)2在0.2C倍率下放电容量可达310.1mAh/g,而3C放电容量还可以保持79.5%.其循环伏安扫描氧化还原峰电位差仅为164mV,表明该材料的循环可逆性好.由此可见在Ni(OH)2掺杂适量的NiO,对于Ni(OH)2的大电流充放电性能确有改进作用.     

Mn、Mg共掺杂Ni(OH)2的电化学性能

采用缓冲溶液法制备复合掺杂Mn、Mg的正极材料Ni0.82Mn0.18-xMgx(OH)2(x=0.06、0.09、0.12)。采用XRD、XPS和SEM等测试表征材料的晶体结构、锰价态和形貌,采用循环伏安和恒流充放电测试研究Mn、Mg不同掺杂比例对氢氧化镍电化学性能的影响。结果表明,Mn、Mg掺杂样品均为β相,晶粒细化;Ni0.82Mn0.09Mg0.09(OH)2样品具有优异的电极反应可逆性和充放电性能,100 mA·g^-1电流密度下的放电比容量(290.6 mAh·g^-1)优于商用β-Ni(OH)2(281.1 mAh·g^-1);且500 mA·g^-1电流密度下循环30圈后,Ni0.82Mn0.09Mg0.09(OH)2的放电比容量未见衰减,其循环稳定性优于商用β-Ni(OH)2。     

复合稀土对α-Ni0.8Co0.05Al0.15(OH)2.15-2y(CO3)y·xH2O电化学性能的影响

为了同时改善固相共沉积法合成的α-Ni0.8Co0.05Al0.15(OH)2.15-2y(CO3)y·xH2O的常、高温充放电性能,样品经混合掺杂不同比率的La2O3,Sm2O3,Y2O3,Lu2O3以及La2O3+Y2O3后,作为模拟MH/Ni电池的正极材料,在不同温度下由恒流充放电和循环伏安测定其电化学性能.结果表明:复合掺加0.5%La2O3+1.0%Y2O3(质量分数),在0.5C和5C充放电下,30℃时可分别提高样品的放电比容量3.3%和4.7%,60℃时可分别提高17.4%和19.9%.同时也改善了高温放电电位.     

氧化锌表面包覆Sn_6O_4(OH)_4的制备及其在锌镍电池中的应用

采用水热-共沉淀法在氧化锌表面包覆锡化合物,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和能谱分析(EDS)对制备的包覆ZnO材料进行表征。结果表明:XRD表明附着在氧化锌表面的是Sn_6O_4(OH)_4,且结晶度较好;SEM测试显示在p H=12条件下,Sn_6O_4(OH)_4能够很好地附着在氧化锌颗粒表面;EDS显示组成物中的元素包含Zn、Sn、O三种元素。利用循环伏安曲线(CV)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、倍率充放电技术对包覆ZnO材料进行了电化学性能的测试,结果表明:包覆Sn_6O_4(OH)_4的ZnO可以提高锌负极的耐蚀性能,增大电荷转移电阻(Rct);锌电极覆Sn_6O_4(OH)_4量为3%时充放电效率最佳,在0.2C充放循环40次后充放电循环保持率仍有70%。     

ZnO包覆LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2的表面结构和电化学性能

在LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料表面包覆ZnO,通过X射线衍射(XRD)和光电子能谱(XPS)分析包覆层对正极材料表面状态的改变,并考察了改性后材料的放电容量、首次不可逆容量等电化学性能变化.结果表明:ZnO主要存在于材料表面并影响着材料表面组成和电化学性质,材料表面镍和锰的含量随着包覆量的增加而增大;400oC热处理可使过渡金属与锌在材料表面形成复合氧化物,过渡金属的结合能增大;包覆2%(by mass,下同)的ZnO可有效抑制55 oC下充放电时3.6 V附近的不可逆反应,提高了材料的首次库仑效率;包覆2%ZnO的电池材料在55oC/0.5C的放电比容量和循环寿命最佳.     

掺铝、钴纳米α-Ni(OH)2的固相合成及电化学性能研究

固相法合成了不同铝、钴配比的纳米α-Ni0.8Co2Al0.2-z(OH)2.2-x-0.5yCO3)y·xH2O.采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、CT和恒电流充放电等对其组成、晶相结构和电化学性能进行表征和测定.实验表明,掺Co的物质的量分数在5%～8%时有较高的放电比容量、较好的循环稳定性和电极可逆性,发挥了Co3+强导电性、稳定α相结构的多重作用.为α-Ni(OH)2的应用提供有益的参考.     

核壳结构Ni(OH)x(x=2.01～2.15)电极材料的制备及电化学性能

采用化学氧化法制备了碱性二次电池用正极材料Ni(OH)x。采用SEM、TEM、XRD等手段表征了样品的形貌及物相特征,测定了样品的平均氧化态,并考察了其作为镍氢电池正极活性材料的电化学性能。结果表明:经过氧化处理的球形Ni(OH)2表面形成了β-NiOOH,呈现出明显的核壳式结构,制备的样品中Ni的平均氧化态分别为:2.01、2.05、2.13,nNi3 /nNi介于1%～15%之间,以制备的样品为正极材料组装成镍氢模拟电池在0.2C倍率下充放电,样品的放电容量为275±10mAh·g-1;1C充放电条件下,Ni平均氧化态为2.05的样品首次放电容量为268mAh·g-1,270次循环后容量保持率为98%。     

CO32-/Co2+/Ni2+浓度对混合相纳米Ni(OH)2物化性能的影响

以NiCl2、Co(NO3)2、Na2CO3为主要原料,采用超声波辅助沉淀法制备了混合相纳米Ni(OH)2,研究了Co掺杂比例、缓冲剂Na2CO3用量及反应物Ni2+浓度对Ni(OH)2的晶相结构、形貌、粒径及电化学性能的影响。结果表明,混合相结构的α-Ni(OH)2成分随Co掺杂比例增大而增加。较高的CO32-和Ni2+浓度有利于α-Ni(OH)2的生成。TEM测试表明,样品晶粒呈针状形态,其长径比随着Na2CO3用量增加而减小,平均粒度在60~90 nm之间。将纳米样品以8wt%与工业用微米级β球镍混合制成复合电极,其电极的放电比容量随Na2CO3用量的增加先增大后减小。当Ni2+浓度为0.4 mol.L-1、Na2CO3用量为0.5 g时,其电极(Co含量1.02wt%)的充电效率最高,放电比容量最大,0.5C倍率下高达306.9 mAh.g-1,比纯球镍电极提高30%。探讨了复合电极能较大幅度提高放电比容量的机理,提出纳米α-Ni(OH)2同时充当活化中心起催化作用的观点。     

Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical application of Ca(OH)2-, Co(OH)2-, and Y(OH)3-Coated Ni(OH)2 tubes

We report on the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical application of Ca(OH)2-, Co(OH)2-, and Y(OH)3-coated Ni(OH)2 tubes with mesoscale dimensions. These composite tubes were prepared via a two-step chemical precipitation within an anodic alumina membrane under ambient conditions. The morphology and structure of the as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the size of the tubes was of mesoscale dimension and the proportion of the tube morphology was about 95%. The as-prepared composite tubes were further investigated as the positive-electrode materials of rechargeable alkaline batteries. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the Ni(OH)2 tubes coated with Ca(OH)2, Co(OH)2, and Y(OH)3 exhibited superior electrode properties including high discharge capacity, excellent high-temperature and high-rate discharge ability, and good cycling reversibility. The mechanism analysis suggests that both the coated layers and the unique hollow-tube structures play an indispensable role in optimizing the electrochemical performance of nickel hydroxide electrodes.     

包覆Y(OH)3的球形Ni(OH)2的电化学性能

利用软嵌式粉末电极技术研究了Y(OH)3包覆对球形Ni(OH)2电化学性能的影响. 循环伏安结果表明, 在球形Ni(OH)2的氧化过程中存在Ni(Ⅲ)和Ni(Ⅳ)的两步氧化反应, 产生的Ni(Ⅳ)不稳定, 能分解产生NiOOH和氧气, 所以可将Ni(Ⅲ)→Ni(Ⅳ)看作副反应. Y(OH)3包覆层对Ni(OH)2氧化过程后期的副反应, 特别是Ni(Ⅲ)→Ni(Ⅳ)具有较好的抑制作用. 由包覆后的Ni(OH)2制成的模拟电池表现出很好的高温性能, 在1C充放电条件下, 当Y的摩尔分数为1.61%时, 在60 ℃时所对应的容量保持率可达到25 ℃的92.7％; 当Y的摩尔分数仅为0.55 %时, 在60 ℃时所对应的质量比容量也可达到241.3 mA·h/g.     

Neubestimmung der Kristallstrukturen der Hexahydroxometallate Na2Sn(OH)6, K2Sn(OH)6 und K2Pb(OH)6

Redetermination of the Crystal Structures of the Hexahydroxometallates Na₂Sn(OH)₆, K₂Sn(OH)₆, and K₂Pb(OH)₆ Slow cooling down of hot saturated hydroxo stannate‐ resp. ‐plumbate solutions gives crystals of Na₂Sn(OH)₆, K₂Sn(OH)₆, and K₂Pb(OH)₆ well suited for an X‐ray structure determination. With these crystals the so far known crystal data were verified, determined more precisely and H‐positions found for the first time. The compounds crystallize rhombohedral in the space group R 3. The hexagonal unit cells contain three formula units with Na₂Sn(OH)₆: a = 5.951(1) Å, c = 14.191(2) Å, c/a = 2.384 K₂Sn(OH)₆: a = 6.541(1) Å, c = 12.813(4) Å, c/a = 1.959 K₂Pb(OH)₆: a = 6.625(1) Å, c = 12.998(2) Å, c/a = 1.962 The compounds are not isotypic whereas the atoms occupy in all three cases the same Wyckoff positions. Na₂Sn(OH)₆ has with an hcp packing of O a CdI₂ like superstructure with Na and Sn in octahedral interstices. Hydrogen bonds O–H…O–H play a role in solid K₂Sn(OH)₆ and K₂Pb(OH)₆. In these compounds the potassium ions are shifted from an octahedral coordination in an hcp packing of O. They have nine nearest O‐neighbours. The hydrogen bonds are investigated by Raman spectroscopy.     

Infrared spectra and structures of the Th(OH)2 and Th(OH)4 molecules

Thorium atoms react with H2O2, H2 + O2 mixtures, and H2O in excess argon to form the Th(OH)2 and Th(OH)4 molecules as minor and major products, respectively. The vibrational frequencies observed in the matrix infrared spectra are in excellent agreement with MP2 computed values, which confirms the identification of these highly ionic thorium hydroxide molecules. Our MP2 calculations converge to slightly bent and tetrahedral structures, respectively. This investigation reports the first evidence for pure actinide dihydroxide and tetrahydroxide molecules.     

Fabrication of Cd(OH)2 nanorings by ultrasonic chiselling on Cd(OH)2 nanoplates

Cd(OH)2 nanorings were successfully fabricated from Cd(OH)2 nanoplates by ultrasonic chiselling, a unique effect of the sonochemical process that has never been reported before.     

Ferromagnetische Phase in Produkten des Kochprozesses von Cd(OH)2/Fe(OH)3

In the system CdO·xFe₂O₃ formed from co-precipitated and boiled hydroxides of Cadmium(II) and Iron(III) the following can be identified by X-ray study: atx0.8-besides the Cd(OH)₂ phase--Fe₂O₃, at 1.5x0.8 fine crystalline -Fe₂O₃ and traces of -Fe₂O₃, at 4>x>1.5 both modifications, i.e. -Fe₂O₃ and -Fe₂O₃, and atx>4 only -Fe₂O₃.The course of specific magnetisation as a function of composition confirms the X-ray findings.

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