Pt及其修饰电极上甲醇吸附和氧化的CV和EQCM研究

运用电化学循环伏安和石英晶体微天平 (EQCM )研究了 0 .1mol·L- 1H2 SO4 溶液中甲醇在Pt电极和以Sb ,S不可逆吸附原子修饰的Pt(Pt/Sbad和Pt/Sad)电极上的吸附和氧化过程 .结果表明甲醇的氧化与电极表面氧物种有着极其密切的关系 .Pt电极表面Sb吸附原子能在较低的电位下吸附氧 ,可显著提高甲醇电催化氧化活性 .与Pt电极相比较 ,Sb吸附原子修饰的Pt电极使甲醇氧化的峰电位负移了 0 .13V .相反 ,Pt电极表面S吸附原子的氧化会消耗表面氧物种 ,抑制了甲醇的电氧化 .本文从表面质量变化提供了吸附原子电催化作用的新数据     

甲醇在欠电位沉积Sn/Pt电极上催化氧化

在欠电位沉积（upd）锡修饰的铂电极（upd-Sn/Pt）上,对甲醇电化学催化氧化过程进行了研究.发现当Pt表面upd-Sn的覆盖率在20％附近时,对甲醇的催化氧化的增强作用最为明显；在电位低于0.35 V （vs RHE）时,甲醇在Pt与upd-Sn/Pt电极上氧化只进行到脱氢生成CO的步骤;在0.35 V以后,表面Sn－OH形成,反应Sn－OH＋COads=Sn＋CO2＋H＋＋e有利于表面CO的去除;而Pt电极上,只有0.6 V以后,才有反应Pt－OH＋COads=Pt＋CO2＋H＋＋e发生.因此,Sn的存在有利于甲醇在较低的电位下氧化; Pt电极上CH3OH脱氢并释放出电子的过程是一个快速的过程,表面CO的去除是甲醇氧化过程的控制步骤;甲醇氧化产生的表面吸附态CO 以线式吸附为主,少量的桥式吸附态CO在反应初期即达到吸附饱和; Pt表面上upd-Sn表现的催化增强作用,在光亮铂电极和在高分散铂黑电极上是一致的.     

Pt/巯基乙酸/玻碳电极的表面形貌与电催化性能

以巯基乙酸为偶联层在玻碳(GC)电极上组装 Pt纳米颗粒, 得到Pt /巯基乙酸/GC电极, 利用扫描电镜(SEM)和循环伏安法(CV)研究了不同条件下复合电极的表面形貌和电化学性能. 研究结果表明, 巯基乙酸在GC电极表面具有特性吸附, 形成了具有一定致密性的吸附层. 在0.5 mol/L H2SO4+1.0 mol/L CH3OH溶液中, 组装19 h的复合电极对甲醇氧化表现出较好的电催化性能.     

利用原位红外光谱与微分电化学质谱联用技术研究在Pt以及PtRu电极上发生的甲醇氧化反应

利用电化学衰减全反射原位傅里叶变换红外光谱与微分电化学质谱联用技术,在流动电解池环境以及恒电位条件下研究了Pt电极和Pt电极通过表面电沉积Ru形成的PtRu电极（PtxRuy）上发生的甲醇氧化反应（反应电解质溶液为0.1 mol/L HClO4＋0.5 mol/L MeOH）. 在0.3-0.6 V（参比电极为可逆氢参比）实验用到的所有电极上,CO是唯一能从红外光谱观察到的与甲醇相关的表面吸附物;在Pt0.56Ru0.44电极上可以观察到CO吸附在Ru原子形成的岛上和CO线式吸附在Pt电极表面红外波段,而其他电极上只能观察到Pt表面上线式吸附的CO;甲醇氧化活性按Pt0.73Ru0.27〉Pt0.56Ru0.44〉Pt0.83Ru0.17〉Pt的顺序递减;在0.5V时,甲醇在Pt0.73Ru0.27电极上的氧化反应的CO2电流效率达到了50%.     

Pt-Mo电极上CO、甲醛和甲醇的电催化氧化-微分电化学质谱研究

利用微分电化学质谱（DEMS）研究了Mo修饰的Pt电极上CO、甲醛和甲醇的电催 化氧化,证实了Mo(IV)是催化活性样品,而且它只对弱吸附CO的氧化起催化作用, 对强吸附CO的氧化没有催化活性。在低于0.4 V的电位下,吸附在Pt电极上的Mo结 甲醇和甲醛的催化氧化是通过弱吸附CO的氧化路径进行的。     

Pt-Mo电极上CO、甲醛和甲醇的电催化氧化-微分电化学质谱研究

利用微分电化学质谱（DEMS）研究了Mo修饰的Pt电极上CO、甲醛和甲醇的电催 化氧化，证实了Mo(IV)是催化活性样品，而且它只对弱吸附CO的氧化起催化作用， 对强吸附CO的氧化没有催化活性。在低于0.4 V的电位下，吸附在Pt电极上的Mo结 甲醇和甲醛的催化氧化是通过弱吸附CO的氧化路径进行的。     

碱性介质中甲醇在铂电极表面吸附和氧化的电化学原位FTIR反射光谱和EQCM研究

运用电化学循环伏安、原位FTIR反射光谱和石英晶体微天平(EQCM)等方法研究了碱性介质中甲醇在Pt电极表面吸附和氧化行为. 结果表明: 甲醇电氧化与溶液酸碱性有密切的关系. 酸性介质中甲醇在Pt电极上的CV曲线有两个正向氧化峰, 而碱性介质中只有一个正向氧化峰, 第二个氧化峰的消失可能是由于碱性介质中Pt电极在高电位下形成高氧化态的氧物种毒化其表面引起的. 碱性介质中甲醇解离吸附产物的数量比酸性介质的明显减少, 对甲醇氧化的第一个氧化峰表现出更高的电催化活性. 目前实验条件下, 原位FTIR反射光谱检测到: 碱性介质中甲醇电氧化的最终产物是CO₂和CO₃^2－, 反应中间体主要为HCOO^－物种. 从电极表面质量定量变化的角度提供了甲醇反应机理的新数据.     

Pt-Mo2C/GC催化甲醇氧化的现场电化学-红外光谱研究

应用离子交换法制备了40%Pt在Mo2C/GC上的电催化剂.X射线衍射(XRD)显示,Pt在Mo2C载体上有较好的分散度,平均粒径为3 nm.循环伏安、计时电位测试表明,酸性溶液中,Pt-Mo2C/GC具有良好的甲醇氧化性能.其催化甲醇氧化的起始电位比Pt/C的负移了90 mV.这一优异性能与Pt和载体Mo2C之间的协同作用有关.现场红外光谱电化学测量显示,甲醇在Pt/C电极氧化的中间产物是桥式吸附COB和线性吸附COL,而在Pt-Mo2C/GC电极则未检测到有害中间产物CO,其氧化终产物均为CO2.     

Pt电极上吸附原子对仲丁醇电催化氧化性能的影响

运用电化学循环伏安和石英晶体微天平研究了HClO4溶液中仲丁醇在Pt电极及以Sb和S吸附原子修饰的Pt(Pt/Sbad和Pt/Sad)电极上的电催化氧化过程 .从电极表面质量变化可以看出 ,仲丁醇的氧化与电极表面的氧物种有着极其密切的关系 .Pt电极表面Sb吸附原子可在较低的电位下吸附氧 ,明显提高仲丁醇的氧化活性 .与Pt电极相比 ,Sb吸附原子修饰的Pt电极使仲丁醇氧化的峰电位负移约 10 0mV .相反 ,Pt电极表面S吸附原子的氧化会消耗表面氧物种 ,抑制仲丁醇的氧化 .从电极表面质量变化提供了吸附原子电催化作用的数据     

Pt和Sb、S吸附原子修饰的Pt电极上正丙醇氧化的CV和EQCM研究

运用电化学循环伏安法和石英晶体微天平研究了正丙醇在Pt电极和以Sb、S吸附原子修饰的Pt（Pt/Sbad和Pt/Sad）电极上的吸附和氧化过程.从电极表面质量变化角度指出正丙醇的氧化与电极表面氧物种有着极其密切的关系.Pt电极表面Sb吸附原子能在较低的电位下吸附氧，可显著提高正丙醇电催化氧化活性，与在Pt电极上相比较,正丙醇氧化的峰电位负移了0.29 V,峰电流增加了近2倍.相反,Pt电极表面S吸附原子的氧化会消耗表面氧物种，饱和吸附S原子的Pt电极上正丙醇的电氧化受到抑制.本文从表面质量变化提供了吸附原子电催化作用的新数据.     

甲醇在铂修饰的氧化钛电极上电催化氧化行为的研究

运用电化学方法评价了电化学阴极还原-阳极氧化两步法制得的以钛为基体的铂修饰的钛氧化物(Pt-TiO_x/Ti)电极对甲醇电催化氧化的性能,结果表明,制得的修饰电极对甲醇氧化呈现了很高的电催化活性和好的稳定性.通过X光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描隧道显微镜(STM)和现场傅立叶变换红外(FTIR)反射光谱等技术,发现修饰电极对甲醇氧化具有高的电催化性能,可归属于纳米级Pt粒子在TiO_x中的高度分散及由于Pt和TiO_x的相互作用,使电极表面对甲醇氧化中间产物CO的吸附量大大降低.     

Promoter Effects of Rare Earth Ions on Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Methanol

The promoter effects of rare earth ions on the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol at the Pt electrode were studied using the cyclinc voltammetry and stable polarization techniques. It was found or the first time that Eu、Ho、Dy ions could accelerate the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol at the Pt electrode,while Lu、Pr、Yb、Sm ions showed inhibitor effects.     

Methanol sensor based on the combined electrocatalytic oxidative effect of chitosan-immobilized nickel(II) and the antibiotic cefixime on the oxidation of methanol in alkaline medium

A sensor for methanol was fabricated by incorporating the antibiotic cefixime (CEF) along with Ni(II) ion into a chitosan membrane matrix. Sensing is based on the electrocatalytic effect that the complex membrane exerts on the electro-oxidation of methanol. The resulting CEF-Ni(II)/chitosan glassy carbon (GC) electrode had a good electrocatalytic activity to the electro-oxidation of methanol in alkaline medium. The modified electrode had an immense electrocatalytic activity on the second process of methanol oxidation (methanol oxidation intermediate(s) to the final product). The modified electrode had a wide linear range from 20 μM to 12 mM for the determination of methanol in alkaline medium, and a detection limit of 5.24 μM based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. In addition, the sensor exhibited good stability.     

碳载Pt和PtRu催化剂的甲醇电氧化比较

利用电化学方法对商用Pt/C和PtRu/C催化剂在酸性介质中的甲醇电氧化进行了比较研究.动电位和恒电位氧化实验结果皆表明PtRu/C比Pt/C对甲醇电催化活性高.PtRu合金的形成不仅改变了催化剂表面对氢的吸附性质,而且使氧化物还原峰电位向阴极方向移动.Ru与甲醇的相互作用为温度活化过程,需要较高的温度.     

高催化活性Pd-Co3O4/MWCNTs催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化性能

以Co(NO3)3·6H2O为钴源,聚乙二醇(PEG)20000为表面活性剂,与多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)混合后通过水热氧化法成功地合成了表面均匀分布纳米絮状Co3O4的MWCNTs复合物,进一步还原Pd的前驱体而制备得到Pd-Co3O4/MWCNTs复合催化剂.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)及X射线粉末衍射(XRD)等手段对样品的形貌和晶型结构进行了表征,结果表明Pd纳米粒子为面心立方晶体结构,均匀地分布在Co3O4修饰的MWCNTs表面.用循环伏安法和计时电流法表征结果表明:催化剂Pd-Co3O4/MWCNTs具有较大的电化学活性表面积,在碱性介质中对甲醇氧化具有更高的电催化活性和稳定性.研究结果表明,过渡金属氧化物纳米Co3O4颗粒在提高直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)催化性能研究中具有十分重要的作用,是一类很有潜力的载体催化剂.     

Synthesis of Pt and Pt-Fe nanoparticles supported on MWCNTs used as electrocatalysts in the methanol oxidation reaction

This work reports a feasible synthesis of highly-dispersed Pt and Pt-Fe nanoparticles supported on multiwall carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） without Fe and multiwall carbon nanotubes with iron （MWCNTs-Fe） which applied as electrocatalysts for methanol electrooxidation. A Pt coordination complex salt was synthesized in an aqueous solution and it was used as precursor to prepare Pt/MWCNTs, Pt/MWCNTs-Fe, and Pt-Fe/MWCNTs using FeC12.4H20 as iron source which were named S 1, S2 and S3, respectively. The coordination complex of platinum （TOA）2PtC16 was obtained by the chemical reaction between （NH4）2PtC16 with tetraoctylammonium bromide （TOAB） and it was characterized by FT-IR and TGA. The materials were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, SEM, EDS, XRD, TEM and TGA. The electrocatalytic activity of Pt-based supported on MWCNTs in the methanol oxidation was investigated by cyclic voltammetry （CV） and chronoamperometry （CA）. Pt-Fe/MWCNTs electrocatalysts showed the highest electrocatalytic activity and stability among the tested electrocatalysts due to that the addition of ＂Fe＂ promotes the OH species adsorption on the electrocatalyst surface at low potentials, thus, enhancing the activity toward the methanol oxidation reaction （MOR）.     

Electrocatalytic performance of Pt/Ru/Sn/W fullerene electrode for methanol oxidation in direct methanol fuel cell

In this work,fullerene was modified by platinum,ruthenium,tin and tungsten nanoparticles.The material was characterized by XRD,ICP-OES and TEM micrograph.The average nanoparticle size on fullerene was 5-8 nm.The application of this material was investigated as a catalyst for methanol oxidation in direct methanol fuel cell.A glassy carbon electrode was modified by Pt/Ru/Sn/W fullerene and electrocatalytic activity of the electrode toward methanol oxidation in basic medium has been demonstrated and investigated using cyclic voltammetry.The catalyst showed good reactivity for methanol oxidation.     

多孔聚乙酰苯胺纳米纤维载铂催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化

采用简单的化学氧化聚合法制备了新型多孔结构的聚乙酰苯胺纳米纤维(np-PAANI), 并以此为载体在络合剂的存在下合成了Pt纳米微粒修饰的np-PAANI复合物膜电极C/np-PAANI/Pt. 样品的形貌和结构通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)进行了表征. 在0.5 mol·L-1 CH3OH+0.5 mol·L-1 H2SO4混合溶液中考察了C/np-PAANI/Pt催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化性能. 结果表明, 以np-PAANI负载的Pt催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化活性和稳定性都比普通PAANI结构及石墨粉负载的Pt催化剂好很多.     

Synergistic effect in the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol on platinum+palladium alloy electrodes

The electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol has been investigated on platinium+palladium alloy electrodes of different compositions in acid, neutral and alkaline aqueous solutions.The surface characteristics (composition and roughness factor) of the alloys and the stability of the electrodes in contact with different electrolytic solutions have been studied using cyclic voltammetry. In particular, a surface enrichment in platinum due to a preferential dissolution of palladium and an increase of the roughness factor with an increase of the palladium content has been shown.The electrocatalytic activity of different alloys for methanol oxidation has been characterized by exchange current densities obtained from extrapolation of Tafel lines of calculated equilibrium potential. The plot of these current densities vs. the surface composition leads to a synergistic effect, particularly important in alkaline medium. A reasonable explanation of this enhanced electroactivity at about 15 at.% in Pd is given on the basis of a decrease of electrode poisoning.     

PtRu catalysts supported on heteropolyacid and chitosan functionalized carbon nanotubes for methanol oxidation reaction of fuel cells

A simple self-assembly approach has been developed to functionalize carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with chitosan (CS) and heteropolyacids (HPAs) of phosphomolybdic acid (H(3)PMo(12)O(40), HPMo) and phosphotungstic acid (H(3)PW(12)O(40), HPW). The non-covalent functionalization method, which introduces homogenous surface functional groups with no detrimental effect on graphene structures of CNTs, can be carried out at room temperature without the use of corrosive acids. The PtRu nanoparticles supported on HPAs-CS-CNTs have a uniform distribution and much smaller size as compared to those of the PtRu nanoparticles supported on conventional acid treated CNTs (PtRu/AO-CNTs). The onset and peak potentials for CO(ad) oxidation on PtRu/HPAs-CS-CNTs catalysts are more negative than those on PtRu/AO-CNTs, indicating that HPAs facilitate the electro-oxidation of CO. The PtRu/HPMo-CS-CNTs catalyst has a higher electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation and higher tolerance toward CO poisoning than PtRu/HPW-CS-CNTs. The better electrocatalytic enhancement of HPMo on the PtRu/HPAs-CS-CNTs catalyst is most likely related to the fact that molybdenum-containing HPAs such as HPMo have more labile terminal oxygen to provide additional active oxygen sites while accelerating the CO and methanol oxidation in a similar way to that of Ru in the PtRu binary alloy system.