热处理对第二代镍基单晶合金DD11显微组织及持久性能的影响

采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对铸态、固溶态和时效态的第二代镍基单晶合金DD11的显微组织进行定量表征,并测试了不同一级时效处理后的合金1 100℃/140MPa和980℃/250MPa条件下的持久性能。结果表明:合金经过1 320℃/6h固溶处理后,(γ+γ′)共晶相全部溶解,凝固偏析显著降低,合金组织均匀。一级时效温度低于1 160℃时,γ′相为方形,一级时效温度高于1 180℃时,γ′相为球形,γ通道显著变宽,并在通道内析出细小的γ′相。随一级时效温度提高,合金的持久寿命先增大后降低。持久性能与γ′相尺寸、体积分数及形态密切相关。     

硼对第二代镍基单晶高温合金显微组织的影响

硼(B)是强化镍基单晶合金小角度晶界的重要微量元素,但目前关于B对镍基单晶合金显微组织影响的系统报道非常有限。通过对3种不同B含量(质量分数分别为0、0.01%、0.02%)的第二代镍基单晶合金DD11铸态及热处理态组织定量表征,研究了B对相转变温度、(γ+γ′)共晶组织、硼化物的影响。结果表明:B显著降低合金的固液相线,提高铸态共晶组织体积分数;0.01%B的加入,合金中未出现M3B2型硼化物相;而0.02%B的加入,显著促进了骨架状硼化物的形成,降低合金初熔点,引起残余共晶含量的大幅度提高;骨架状硼化物吸收较多的Cr、Mo和W等元素,降低合金的固溶强化效果,可导致单晶合金基体的蠕变性能大幅度降低。研究结果对认识单晶合金中微量元素B的作用机理及优化B成分范围具有理论指导意义。     

C含量对一种单晶高温合金组织和持久性能的影响

研究了C含量对一种单晶高温合金组织和持久性能的影响。研究结果表明,随着C含量的增加,合金中γ/γ''共晶组织含量和尺寸减小,碳化物含量增加,其形貌由块状向骨架状和发达骨架状转变,Ta偏析程度降低,Re,W,Mo和Nb偏析程度增加。C含量对热处理后碳化物的形貌几乎无影响。随着C含量的增加,合金在980℃/250 MPa条件下的持久寿命先增加后降低,C质量分数为0.048%时达到最大值。持久过程中,未溶碳化物作为裂纹源缩短了合金的持久寿命。     

晶体取向对一种单晶高温合金再结晶的影响

采用晶体劳厄衍射仪对高温合金DD419的单晶试棒铸件进行晶向测量,切取不同一次晶向及二次晶向的样品。对各种晶体取向的样品实施相同的静压加载,然后进行标准固溶热处理。研究结果表明：样品受压表面下方发生了不同程度的再结晶,再结晶的深度与晶体取向具有明显的相关性。当一次晶向[001]与样品表面法向的偏离角度β从0°到90°变化时,样品的再结晶深度H首先逐渐增加,在β=45°时达到最大值,然后逐渐减小至初始值。当二次晶向[010]与样品法向的偏离角度α从0°到45°变化时,样品再结晶深度H也是逐渐增加,在α=45°时同样达到最大深度。单晶高温合金中一次晶向和二次晶向对再结晶具有相同的影响规律。     

过热处理对单晶高温合金拉伸性能的影响

不同温度条件下,对DD6单晶高温合金保温1 h后空冷处理,以模拟合金的过热服役情况,研究了合金在不同温度过热处理后的显微组织和1 000℃的拉伸性能.结果表明,DD6合金在1 100,1 150和1 200℃过热处理后,γ''相尺寸稍有增大.1 250℃过热处理后,γ''相尺寸明显增加,尺寸极不均匀,大部分γ''/γ相界面为锯齿状.1 300℃过热处理后,少部分γ''相具有锯齿状的γ''/γ相界面,大部分为重新析出的细小γ''相.1 320℃过热处理后,γ''相全部回溶后重新析出不规则、细小的γ''相.合金在1 200℃过热处理后屈服强度和抗拉强度明显降低,其他温度下过热处理对合金的拉伸性能影响较小.这主要是因为合金在1 200℃过热处理后,γ基体通道宽度最大,而γ''相体积分数最小.     

涂层扩散热处理工艺对DD6单晶高温合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了870℃/6 h涂层扩散热处理工艺对第二代镍基DD6单晶高温合金(简称DD6合金)组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明,采用870℃/6 h涂层扩散热处理工艺处理后,DD6合金的显微组织、760℃拉伸性能、980℃/250 MPa持久性能、700℃高周疲劳性能无明显变化。DD6合金760℃拉伸断裂类型为准解理断裂,980℃/250 MPa持久断裂类型为韧窝断裂,700℃高周疲劳断裂类型为准解理断裂。涂层扩散处理没有改变DD6合金的断裂机制。     

应力时效对镍基单晶合金DD11组织及持久性能的影响

研究了1070℃/100MPa应力时效对镍基单晶合金DD11组织和持久性能的影响,通过扫描电镜和透射电镜对应力时效前后的组织进行了观察和分析,并对合金应力时效前后的持久性能进行了测试与分析。实验结果表明:应力时效前50h是形筏阶段,竖直方向的γ相通道逐步变窄或消失,水平方向的γ相通道宽度逐步增加,立方状γ′相在应力的作用下向水平方向扩展并相互连接在一起逐渐形成筏排形貌。应力时效50h后是筏排粗化阶段,随应力时效时间的延长,组织缓慢粗化,但是筏排形貌基本保持稳定。对应力时效后的组织进行1 070℃/140 MPa持久性能测试,结果表明,在形筏阶段持久寿命基本保持稳定,在筏排粗化阶段,持久寿命逐步下降。应力时效500h后,持久寿命由热处理后初始状态的360h左右降低至140h左右。研究结果表明,γ相通道尺寸的粗化和组织的筏排化是持久性能衰退的主要因素。     

固溶处理对Inconel 690合金组织影响

通过研究不同固溶温度对Inconel690合金硬度、晶粒度和析出相的影响,以期确定Inconel690合金固溶工艺.研究结果表明:固溶温度对Inconel690合金硬度有比较明显的影响,而对晶粒度影响很大.温度超过1 070℃时,发生晶粒显著长大现象.从理论计算和扫描电镜分析得出Inconel690合金中(Fe,Cr,Ni)23C6碳化物的完全溶解温度范围为1 070～1 090℃.     

一种新型镍基单晶高温合金拉伸性能研究

研究了一种新型镍基单晶高温合金拉伸性能及断裂模式。采用[001]取向制备拉伸性能试样,以平行于单晶[001]取向作为应力轴方向,采用扫描电镜观察断口形貌。实验结果表明,随着拉伸温度升高,合金的抗拉和屈服强度逐渐升高,并分别在760℃和850℃达到峰值,之后随着温度升高迅速下降。塑性随温度的变化则相反,在760℃塑性指标达到最低值,随后断面收缩率急剧增加,而延伸率在850℃达到峰值后迅速下降。合金的拉伸断裂模式在980℃从准解理断裂转向塑韧性断裂。     

一种铸造镍基高温合金的高温蠕变断裂行为

研究了M963合金在975℃／225MPa条件下蠕变断裂行为。结果表明：M963合金的蠕变曲线表现出明显的蠕变三个阶段；蠕变过程中，γ’相粒子逐渐筏形化，由初始阶段的分布在γ基体中的立方状孤立相转变为蠕变后期的包围γ相的连续相；在枝晶干上有颗粒状M6C碳化物析出；蠕变变形机制从开始阶段的Orowan绕过γ’相粒子转变为蠕变后期的位错切过γ’相粒子。     

Effect of long term aging on microstructure and stress rupture properties of a nickel based single crystal superalloy

A nickel based single crystal superalloy with [001] orientation was prepared by the screw selecting method in the directionally solidified furnace. The long term aging (LTA) of the alloy after full heat treatment was performed at 1040 1C for 200–800 h. The microstructure and stress rupture properties at 980 1C/250 MPa and 1070 1C/140 MPa of the alloy long term aged (LTAed) for different time were investigated. The coarsening g0 phase and the broadening g matrix channel are observed in the samples LTAed at 1040 1C, but the g0 morphology is still in cubic shape after LTA for 800 h. No TCP phase precipitates after LTA for 400 h, while needle shaped and granular TCP phase forms in dendritic core of the alloy after LTA for 600 h. With increasing aging time, the volume of the TCP phase increases and it grows from the dendritic core to the interdendritic region along a fixed direction. The composition of the TCP phase is mainly composed of Re and W. With increasing aging time the rupture life of the alloy at 980 1C/250 MPa and 1070 1C/140 MPa all turns shorter. Finally, the relationship between the microstructure and the stress rupture properties is discussed.     

Effect of Mo content on microstructure and stress-rupture properties of a Ni-base single crystal superalloy

The additional 1.5 wt% Mo was added in a Ni-base single crystal(SC) alloy with the composition of Ni–6.5Al–8.0Mo–2.4Cr–6.2Ta–4.9Co–1.5Re–(0.01–0.05)Y(wt%) to study the effect of Mo content on the microstructure and stress-rupture properties. The creep and stress-rupture tests under the conditions of 850 °C/500 MPa and 1100 °C/130 MPa were conducted, and the microstructure of as-cast, heat treated and stress ruptured specimens were analyzed. It was found that the 1.5 wt% Mo addition enhanced the stress-rupture lives at both intermediate(850 °C) and high(1100 °C)temperatures. The microstructure analysis showed that adding 1.5 wt% Mo in the basic alloy affected the microstructure dramatically, i.e., the Mo-rich phases formed in the specimens of as-cast and stress-ruptured specimens. It is considered that the improvement of the stress-rupture lives is duo to the strengthening effect of Mo to both γ and γ'phases and the decrease of stacking fault energy, diffusion constant and dislocation spacing. The Mo-rich phases precipitated under condition of 1100 °C/130 MPa did not affect the creep and stress-rupture properties obviously in the present study.     

Effects of Mo addition on microstructure of a 4th generation Ni-based single crystal superalloy

The effects of Mo addition on the microstructure of a 4th generation Ni-based single crystal superalloy were investigated. Mo addition significantly promoted elements Mo, W and Re partition into γ phase and enhanced absolute lattice misfit at 1100 ?°C. The increase of Mo concentration from 2 ?wt% to 4 ?wt% also decreased the content of eutectic islands and the segregation ratios of other alloying elements in the as-cast state, especially Re and W. After heat treatments, the size of γ′ phase and width of γ channels decreased slightly with higher Mo content. More Mo additions slightly enhanced the segregation behavior of Re while reducing the segregation behavior of Mo. However, it revealed that the primary and secondary dendrite arm spacings were barely affected by Mo addition.     

一种镍基单晶高温合金的反相热机械疲劳行为

采用扫描电镜、透射电镜等方法研究了一种镍基单晶高温合金在600～900℃的反相位热机械疲劳行为,旨在探讨单晶合金的热疲劳变形及断裂机制,丰富单晶合金热机械疲劳理论。试验结果表明:当应变幅由0.6%增大至0.9%时,热机械疲劳寿命下降,塑性应变量和应力范围增大。合金的循环应力响应曲线在低温半周表现为循环硬化行为,而在高温半周则表现为循环软化行为。合金主要的变形特征是局部区域滑移带的运动。热机械疲劳裂纹起始于试样表面应力集中处,并沿着滑移带在{111}面向合金内部扩展,拉应力对合金的断裂起到了主导作用。