TiO2/SiO2的制备及其对染料X-3B溶液降解的光催化活性

 以粗孔球形硅胶为载体,以聚乙二醇和二乙醇单乙醚的钛酸四丁酯无水乙醇溶液为浸涂液,用涂覆法制备了TiO2／SiO2光催化剂．用XRD,SEM和UV－Vis等对催化剂的物相、形貌及TiO2负载量进行了表征,并通过可溶性染料活性艳红X－3B的降解反应,考察了其光催化活性．实验结果表明,当选用16．79％TiO2／SiO2光催化剂时,活性艳红X－3B溶液的脱色率可达93％以上．     

Gd掺杂TiO2/活性炭纤维复合材料的制备及表征

以TiCl4和Gd(NO3)3·6H2O为主要原料,采用酸催化水解法制备Gd掺杂TiO2光催化剂并通过浸涂法将其负载在活性炭纤维(ACF)表面,制得Gd掺杂TiO2/ACF复合材料。 以气相苯为模型物,考察材料的光催化活性。 利用XRD、FTIR及GC-MS对催化剂的晶相结构、光谱特征等进行了表征。 结果表明,Gd掺杂能有效抑制TiO2的晶粒生长。 Gd掺杂量、浸涂次数影响TiO2/ACF光催化活性,Gd2O3掺杂质量分数为0.48%、浸涂2次的TiO2/ACF活性最高。 在苯光催化氧化后的Gd掺杂TiO2/ACF复合材料表面未发现醌类中间产物的存在。 Gd的掺入能减缓催化剂失活,光催化反应100 min后仍能表现出较高活性。     

Gd掺杂TiO2/活性炭纤维复合材料的制备及表征

以TiCl4和Gd(NO3)3·6H2O为主要原料,采用酸催化水解法制备Gd掺杂TiO2光催化剂并通过浸涂法将其负载在活性炭纤维(ACF)表面,制得Gd掺杂TiO2/ACF复合材料。 以气相苯为模型物,考察材料的光催化活性。 利用XRD、FTIR及GC-MS对催化剂的晶相结构、光谱特征等进行了表征。 结果表明,Gd掺杂能有效抑制TiO2的晶粒生长。 Gd掺杂量、浸涂次数影响TiO2/ACF光催化活性,Gd2O3掺杂质量分数为0.48%、浸涂2次的TiO2/ACF活性最高。 在苯光催化氧化后的Gd掺杂TiO2/ACF复合材料表面未发现醌类中间产物的存在。 Gd的掺入能减缓催化剂失活,光催化反应100 min后仍能表现出较高活性。     

环境湿度对TiO2借性炭纤维气．固光催化氧化甲苯的影响

在恒温控湿的环境舱中，以自制的TiO2／ACF（活性炭纤维）为光催化剂，研究了环境湿度对甲苯光催化降解过程的影响．通过N2吸附和扫描电子显微镜分别对TiO2／ACF光催化剂的孔径结构和形貌特征进行了表征；利用GC—MS和GC—FID对甲苯光催化过程中生成的中间产物进行了定性及定量分析．结果表明，环境舱中相对湿度增大，甲苯光催化转化率提高；不同相对湿度下，积累在光催化剂表面的中间产物种类相同，但支链氧化产物（苯甲醇、苯甲醛和苯甲酸）的积累量远多于苯环氧化产物（甲酚和对甲基苯酚）的积累量；随环境相对湿度的增大．苯甲醛在光催化剂表面的积累量减小，其余中间产物的积累量均有不同程度的增加．这说明水分子在甲苯光催化过程中起重要作用，相对湿度不仅影响甲苯的光催化转化效率，还影响其光催化转化的过程．尽管在各湿度条件下，支链氧化都是甲苯光催化降解的主要途径，但环境湿度增大更有利于苯环氧化途径的进行．讨论了水蒸气在甲苯光催化氧化过程中的作用机理．     

煤质活性炭的光催化再生

 研究了利用光催化氧化降解反应实现饱和吸附苯酚的煤质活性炭光催化再生的可行性，并分析了活性炭的光催化再生机理．结果表明，在一定条件下可以实现活性炭的光催化再生．在Ag－TiO2负载量为1．9％，pH＝13，θ＝70℃，t＝72h的再生条件下，活性炭的再生率可达 78．4％．在光照条件下，光催化剂作为有机物的降解中心而造成活性炭内外吸附苯酚的浓度差是活性炭光催化再生的主要驱动力．     

碳纳米管改性TiO2的光催化性能

本文研究碳纳米管改性TiO2光催化剂的制备和影响其光催化性能的因素。实验结果表明，CNT的加入方法，CNT的含量，催化剂的灼烧温度等均影响光催化剂的光催化性能。制备的CNT-TiO2光降解低浓度的甲胺脾农药(40．7lmg／L)具有很好的效果，光催化降解过程符合一级反应动力学方程。     

B掺杂TiO2/AC光催化剂的制备及活性

以硼酸和钛酸丁酯为主要原料，以活性炭(AC)为载体。用溶胶-凝胶法制备了B掺杂TiO2／AC光催化剂．用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV—VIS)对制得的光催化剂进行了表征．以甲基橙水溶液的光催化脱色反应和氧化乐果水溶液的光催化降解反应。考查了不同B掺杂TiO2／AC光催化剂的活性．结果表明，所有B掺杂TiO2／AC光催化剂均为锐钛矿晶相．B的掺杂未导致TiO2／AC光催化剂的吸收带边发生明显的移动．当B-TiO2质量分数分别为2．0％和2．5％时，TiO2／AC光催化剂的活性有明显的提高．B-TiO2质量分数2．0％时活性最高．但是，当B-TiO2质量分数分别为1．5％和3．0％时。TiO2／AC光催化剂的活性降低．B的缺电子特性可能改变了TiO2能带中的电子密度，使光催化反应中光生电子和空穴的俘获方式发生变化；同时。B的缺电子特性也会使光催化剂表面的Lewis酸强度增强，导致表面吸附OH-数量和目标反应物的吸附方式发生变化．这些可能是B-TiO2／AC光催化剂活性发生变化的主要原因．     

La2O3掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备和性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La2O3掺杂TiO2纳米光催化剂，并通过XRD、TEM、BET和XPS等手段进行了表征．掺入La2O3后，阻止了TiO2从锐钛矿晶型向金红石晶型的转变，使TiO2的粒径减小，比表面积增大．以甲基橙为光催化降解反应模型化合物，考察了光催化剂的活性．测定了甲基橙在纯TiO2和La2O3掺杂TiO2光催化剂上的吸附常数．考察了pH、H2O2对降解性能的影响．讨论了光催化活性与催化剂性质的关系．     

TiO_2表面NiO光催化活性中心的构建及其光催化析氢性能研究

本文采用离子快速注入法,在低温条件下利用微量NiO物种对TiO_2光催化剂表面微结构进行了修饰和改性,构建了NiO光催化反应活性中心。研究结果表明,Ni物种是以TiO_2-NiO-H形式存在于TiO_2表面;相对于未修饰的TiO_2光催化剂,NiO的修饰很大程度上提高了其光催化析氢性能,在最佳条件下,放氢速率由1.1μmol·h~(-1)提高到241.4μmol·h~(-1)。另外,Ni物种含量,热处理温度,乙醇电子给体浓度,催化剂悬浮浓度对光催化析氢性能也有明显的影响。光电化学实验结果表明,NiO的表面修饰能够产生有效的光催化反应活性中心,增强了光生电子-空穴电子对的分离效果。所制备的光催化剂采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD),光电子能谱(XPS)等技术进行表征。     

ZnO和TiO2粒子的光催化活性及其失活与再生

 利用XRD，TEM，BET和UV－Vis等测试技术对商品的ZnO及TiO2和纳米ZnO及TiO2粒子进行了表征．无论是商品的还是纳米的，在光催化氧化降解气相n－C7H16和SO2及液相苯酚的反应中，TiO2均表现出比ZnO高的光催化活性，并从光腐蚀性和表面电荷两方面分析了其原因．在光催化氧化降解n－C7H16的反应中，ZnO粒子易失活，而TiO2粒子不易失活．但是，在光催化氧化降解SO2的反应中，ZnO和TiO2粒子均易失活．SPS和XPS测试结果表明，光催化剂表面的导电类型由反应前的n型变成了失活后的p型．这主要是由于反应产物发生吸附所致．失活后的光催化剂可以通过浸洗和干燥再生．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.