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任意长度离散余弦变换的快速算法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
§1.引言 离散余弦变换(DCT)有趋于统计最佳交换Kavhunven-Lave变换(KLT)的渐近性质,在通信和信号处理中应用广泛,并在许多方面比离散富里叶变换(DFT)更好。 相似文献
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《数理统计与管理》2015,(4):603-611
功能性磁共振成像(FMRI)是通过探索神经元活动的生物特性来揭示大脑功能的空间和时间信息的神经影像技术,自问世以来迅速应用于医学和脑神经科学的研究。本文针对目前大脑FMRI图像分割方法必须事先给定分割数目的问题,将完备数据似然方法、分层先验和可识别先验引入混合模型,建立一种对先验弱依赖的贝叶斯分层混合模型,采用可逆跳马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗算法对模型参数进行估计,实现在可变维参数空间的跳跃式抽样。对人类大脑FMRI图像的实例分析中,抽样得到的组织成分数与图像强度特征相一致,抽样分割结果图与原始图像相吻合。数据分析结果说明,贝叶斯分层混合模型方法能较好地体现FMRI图像的实际特征,实现大脑FMRI图像的自动分割 相似文献
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为了提高块压缩感知的测量效率和重构性能,根据离散余弦变换和离散正弦变换具有汇聚信号能量的特性,提出了基于重复块对角结构的部分离散余弦变换partial discrete cosine transform in repeated block diagonal structure,简称PDCT-RBDS和部分离散正弦变换partial discrete sine transform in repeated block diagonal structure简称PDST-RBDS的两种压缩感知测量方法.所采用的测量矩阵是一种低复杂度的结构化确定性矩阵, 满足受限等距性质.并得到一个与采样能量有关的受限等距常数和精确重构的测量数下限.通过与采用重复块对角结构的部分随机高斯矩阵和部分贝努利矩阵的图像压缩感知对比,结果表明PDCT-RBDS和PDST-RBDS重构的PSNR大约提高1---5dBSSIM提高约0.05, 所需的重构时间和测量矩阵的存储空间大大减少.该方法特别适合大规模图像压缩及实时视频数据处理场合. 相似文献
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蔡娟 《数学的实践与认识》2024,(1):122-130
单幅图像壁画的超分辨率在图像恢复方面具有重要价值.然而,对壁画伪影重建效果不理想边缘细节丢失等问题阻碍了这项研究的发展.为了解决这个问题,提出了TwostageNet超分辨率重建方法;一种采用两阶段从粗到精学习框架的网络,该框架主要针对压缩图像的超分辨率问题进行优化.具体而言,TwostageNet由两个主要子网组成:粗化和精细化网络,其中递归和残差学习分别在这两个网络中使用.通过尺度递归框架来配合重建,该框架可以递归地重新利用针对低尺度因子学习的滤波器更高的系数.这将提高性能,并提高更高因子的参数效率.训练两个网络版本使用不同的损耗配置来增强互补图像质量.提出的网络在质量和数量上都优于最先进的传统方法超分辨率基准测试技术.利用Vid4数据集模拟的低分辨率图像对该方法进行了测试,实验结果表明了该方法的有效性. 相似文献
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能谱CT可以将较宽的能谱数据划分为几个单独的窄谱数据,从而同时获得多个能量通道下的投影.但由于窄谱通道内接收到的光子数较少,投影通常包含较大的噪声.针对这一问题,基于压缩感知理论提出了一种基于字典学习和全变分TV(total-variation)的迭代重建算法用于能谱CT重建,应用交替最小化方法优化相关目标函数,并采用Split-Bregman算法求解.同时,采用有序子集方法加速迭代收敛过程,提高运算速率.为了验证和评估所提出的方法,使用简单模型和实际临床小鼠模型进行了仿真实验,实验结果表明,所提出的算法有较好的去噪及细节保存能力. 相似文献
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贝叶斯统计推断通常会遇到后验分布中出现高维积分这一公认的计算难题.一种常用的解决方法是使用MCMC算法.然而,MCMC算法在处理高维大数据或复杂模型时计算效率很低,并且难以判断算法收敛性.针对自适应贝叶斯收缩模型、贝叶斯LASSO模型和扩展的贝叶斯LASSO模型,本文提出了一种更高效的变分贝叶斯(VB)算法来进行参数估计和变量选择.该算法源于理论物理中的平均场理论.它将复杂积分问题转化为最优化问题,使用假定分布族中最接近目标后验分布的分布来近似求解,并且易于判断算法收敛情况.数值模拟结果显示,VB算法不仅计算速度明显优于MCMC算法,而且其模型拟合和变量选择效果也与MCMC算法相当,可以作为MCMC算法的一种替代方法.最后,本文运用VB算法分析了俄罗斯房产售价的重要影响因素. 相似文献
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从具有全局最优解的几何活动轮廓方法出发,分别提出了两种基于齐次Besov窄间与小波变换的图像分割算法,并给出了解的存在性证明.数值求解利用小波软阈值以及分裂Bregman方法,能够有效提高计算效率.由于小波变换具有多分辨特性,对于包含较多细节信息的图像,采用新算法能够得到更好的分割效果.数值实验表明采用新算法能够获得较... 相似文献
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零膨胀Poisson回归模型是研究零观测值过多的计数数据的常用工具,本文提出了一类拟合具有这类特征的集群数据的层次零膨胀泊松回归模型,并给出了相应的贝叶斯推断方法,参数估计通过Gibbs抽样获得,模型比较与选择则通过拟合优度检验与BIC准则实现.最后,利用一个船舶受损事故数据来展示本文方法的实现及应用. 相似文献
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Daniel V. Samarov 《Journal of computational and graphical statistics》2013,22(4):1034-1052
An open challenge in nonparametric regression is finding fast, computationally efficient approaches to estimating local bandwidths for large datasets, in particular in two or more dimensions. In the work presented here, we introduce a novel local bandwidth estimation procedure for local polynomial regression, which combines the greedy search of the regularization of the derivative expectation operator (RODEO) algorithm with linear binning. The result is a fast, computationally efficient algorithm, which we refer to as the fast RODEO. We motivate the development of our algorithm by using a novel scale-space approach to derive the RODEO. We conclude with a toy example and a real-world example using data from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite validation study, where we show the fast RODEO’s improvement in accuracy and computational speed over two other standard approaches. 相似文献
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Youyi Fong 《Journal of computational and graphical statistics》2019,28(2):466-470
Continuous threshold regression is a common type of nonlinear regression that is attractive to many practitioners for its easy interpretability. More widespread adoption of threshold regression faces two challenges: (i) the computational complexity of fitting threshold regression models and (ii) obtaining correct coverage of confidence intervals under model misspecification. Both challenges result from the nonsmooth and nonconvex nature of the threshold regression model likelihood function. In this article we first show that these two issues together make the ideal approach for making model-robust inference in continuous threshold linear regression an impractical one. The need for a faster way of fitting continuous threshold linear models motivated us to develop a fast grid search method. The new method, based on the simple yet powerful dynamic programming principle, improves the performance by several orders of magnitude. Supplementary materials for this article are available online. 相似文献
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Regression models with interaction effects have been widely used in multivariate analysis to improve model flexibility and prediction accuracy. In functional data analysis, however, due to the challenges of estimating three-dimensional coefficient functions, interaction effects have not been considered for function-on-function linear regression. In this article, we propose function-on-function regression models with interaction and quadratic effects. For a model with specified main and interaction effects, we propose an efficient estimation method that enjoys a minimum prediction error property and has good predictive performance in practice. Moreover, converting the estimation of three-dimensional coefficient functions of the interaction effects to the estimation of two- and one-dimensional functions separately, our method is computationally efficient. We also propose adaptive penalties to account for varying magnitudes and roughness levels of coefficient functions. In practice, the forms of the models are usually unspecified. We propose a stepwise procedure for model selection based on a predictive criterion. This method is implemented in our R package FRegSigComp. Supplemental materials are available online. 相似文献
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本文将多项Probit模型推广到更一般的形式, 研究了推广的多项Probit模型的逆回归性质,给出了回归系数的逆回归估计方法, 并证明了在满足一些条件时估计是渐近正态的. 模拟表明逆回归估计方法有良好的表现. 相似文献
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Samuel D. Oman 《Journal of multivariate analysis》2002,80(2):285
The multivariate normal regression model, in which a vector y of responses is to be predicted by a vector x of explanatory variables, is considered. A hierarchical framework is used to express prior information on both x and y. An empirical Bayes estimator is developed which shrinks the maximum likelihood estimator of the matrix of regression coefficients across rows and columns to nontrivial subspaces which reflect both types of prior information. The estimator is shown to be minimax and is applied to a set of chemometrics data for which it reduces the cross-validated predicted mean squared error of the maximum likelihood estimator by 38%. 相似文献
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一类半参数回归模型的估计问题 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
胡舒合 《数学物理学报(A辑)》1999,(Z1)
该文对半参数回归模型yi~(T)=βxi~(T)+g(ti~(T))+ε_i~(T),定义了β,g的估计量β_T,g_T(t),获得了它们的强相合、强一致相合、s阶矩相合,s阶一致矩相合性. 相似文献