QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定果蔬中16种农药残留

建立了果蔬中吡虫啉、咪鲜胺、苯醚甲环唑、嘧菌酯、噻虫嗪等16种常见农药多残留的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析方法。以乙腈为提取剂,样品经高速匀浆方法提取后,提取液采用液-液萃取静置分层,取上清液进行净化处理。比较了石墨化碳-氨基复合固相萃取与QuEChERS两种不同净化技术的净化效果,最终确定采用QuEChERS方法为净化手段。即提取液经装有150 mg N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)填料、900 mg无水硫酸镁的净化管净化,除去样品中大部分的色素及有机酸等干扰基质,再经LC-MS/MS分析,有效地降低了样品中的复杂基质所带来的背景干扰。加标水平为5、10、20 μg/kg时,16种农药的平均回收率为75%~111%,相对标准偏差小于16%。16种农药的检出限为0.2~5 μg/kg。采用LC-MS/MS定性分析、基质匹配标准曲线法定量分析,线性关系和回收率结果均令人满意。实验证明,建立的QuEChERS净化与LC-MS/MS相结合的检测方法具有快速、准确、灵敏度高等优点,能够准确测定果蔬中16种农药残留。     

QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱联用检测猪肉中的β-受体阻断剂

本文建立了一种QuEChERS前处理与液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)联用检测猪肉中16种β-受体阻断剂的新方法。试样酶解后经体积比为1%甲酸乙腈提取、QuEChERS吸附剂净化后经LC-MS/MS检测。在最优的工作条件下，方法的线性范围为0.10～20.0μg/kg,检出限范围为0.01～0.05μg/kg,定量限为0.10μg/kg。采用所建立的方法对市售猪肉中的16种β-受体阻断剂进行了检测，未检出16种β-受体阻断剂，对市售猪肉进行加标回收实验，回收率为84.2%～117%,表明本方法具有良好的准确性。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法与气相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中苦参碱残留量

建立了茶叶中苦参碱残留检测的两种前处理方法,比较了液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)与气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)检测茶叶中苦参碱残留量分析方法的适用性。结果表明,在添加标准样品10~100μg/kg 3个水平时,两种前处理方法的回收率和精密度无显著差别;GC-MS/MS和LC-MS/MS回收率分别为81%~85%、82%~86%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为4.6%~11.5%和2.9%~4.2%。结果表明两种样品前处理方法以及LC-MS/MS与GC-MS/MS检测均能满足茶叶中苦参碱残留量的测定,但采用前处理方法二,LC-MS/MS检测茶叶中苦参碱残留更具优势。     

双固相萃取/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鱼类中糖肽类抗生素残留量

建立了鱼类中糖肽类抗生素万古霉素和去甲万古霉素残留量的双固相萃取/高效液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经0.1%甲酸水-乙腈(7:3,V/V)混合溶液提取,乙腈饱和的正己烷去脂,固相萃取柱C_(18)及PCX净化,在多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式下进行检测,使用双去氯万古霉素作为内标物,内标法定量。实验结果表明,万古霉素和去甲万古霉素在2~250 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r~2)大于0.99。在5,25,100μg/kg~3个添加水平下平均回收率为92.8%~96.5%,相对标准偏差为4.5%~7.0%。方法检出限(LOD)为2.0μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为5.0μg/kg。方法适用于鱼类中糖肽类抗生素万古霉素和去甲万古霉素残留量的测定。     

QuEChERS-液相色谱串联质谱法快速检测果蔬中的农药多残留

建立了果蔬样品中氨基甲酸酯类、有机磷类、苯并咪唑类、苯甲酰脲类等各类29种农药多残留的液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。采用QuEChERS方法进行前处理,样品经1%冰醋酸乙腈提取、醋酸钠和无水硫酸镁盐析后,上清液加入伯仲胺粉、C18粉及石墨化碳黑粉进行分散固相萃取净化。提取液经Waters SunFire C18(5μm,4.6×150 mm)色谱柱分离后,进行LC-MS/MS多反应监测模式下的定性及定量分析。29种农药的检出限在0.005~0.352μg/kg之间,定量限在0.015~1.176μg/kg之间。在1~10μg/kg的3个添加水平范围上,平均回收率在70%~119%之间,RSD小于16%。本方法可用于果蔬样品中农药多残留的确证检测。     

QuEChERS结合高效液相色谱三重四极杆串联质谱法测定花椒中191种农药残留

建立了QuEChERS法结合液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法检测花椒中191种农药残留的方法。花椒样品加水浸润后,使用全自动样品制备系统经1%(V/V)乙酸乙腈提取,乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷化硅胶(PSA)、十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶(C18)、ENVI-Carb和Z-Sep+填料净化,ZORBAX SB-C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,3.5μm)色谱柱分离,以0.1%(V/V)甲酸水溶液(含5 mmol/L乙酸铵)-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,应用高效液相色谱三重四极杆串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)在电喷雾电离正离子模式扫描,在动态多反应监测(DMRM)模式下检测,基质匹配外标法定量分析,实现了花椒样品中191种农药的定量和定性分析。实验表明,191种目标农药在各自线性范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数(R2)均大于0.995,检出限(LOD)范围为1～5μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)范围为2～20μg/kg,在1倍、2倍和10倍定量限(LOQ)添加水平下,191种农药的回收率范围分别为70.9%～107.6%、70.5%～116.5%和70.9%～119.0%,各添加水平相对标准偏差(RSDs)均14%。将该方法应用于实际花椒样品的检测中,所有批次均检测出农药残留,适用于花椒中多种农药残留的快速筛查与检测。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定三七中508种农药残留

采用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)建立了可在20 min内快速测定三七中508种农药残留的方法。样品经改良的QuEChERS方法提取,分散固相萃取法(d-SPE)净化后,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行LC-MS/MS分析,内标法定量。在优化实验条件下,508种农药均在0.005～0.4 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,方法检出限(LOD)为0.005～0.1 mg/kg;在100μg/kg加标水平下,除8种农药外,其余500种农药的回收率均在50.2%～117%之间,且相对标准偏差(RSD)均不大于15%;其中有468种农药的回收率为70%～120%。该方法样品前处理简单快速,灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药多残留检测技术的要求,适用于三七中508种农药残留的快速筛查。     

QuEChERS样品前处理-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜中66种有机磷农药残留量方法评估

比较了两种版本QuEChERS方法(即发表于2003年未加缓冲盐的原创QuEChERS方法及加乙酸盐缓冲液的AOAC 2007.01方法)提取蔬菜中66种有机磷农药(OPPS)的有效性;考察了乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(PSA)及C18吸附剂对66种OPPS的吸附作用;以提取后添加法评估了青花菜、番茄、枝豆、萝卜、大葱基质中各目标物液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析的基质效应。结果表明,加入乙酸盐缓冲液的QuEChERS方法对一些OPPS有较高及较稳定的回收率;PSA及C18吸附剂可吸附二溴磷,QuEChERS样品前处理方法不适于二溴磷分析;5种样品基质中青花菜的基质效应最大。据此采用AOAC 2007.01方法并优化LC-MS/MS分析参数,一次进样监测132对离子对(每个化合物2对离子对)分析蔬菜中66种OPPS残留量,除二溴磷外,65种OPPS在5种基质(青花菜、番茄、枝豆、萝卜、大葱)、3个添加水平(10、40、80 μg/kg)的回收率为55%～122%,相对标准偏差为1.6%～18%,定量限(以信噪比(S/N)≥10计)为0.1～8 μg/kg。以上结果说明该法有效、耐用、灵敏,符合法规残留限量监测要求。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测饲料中7种精神类药物

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱同时检测饲料样品中7种精神类药物(硝西泮、奥沙西泮、氯丙嗪、异丙嗪、地西泮、奋乃静、硫利达嗪)的方法.通过对提取溶剂、净化等预处理条件及LC-MS/MS 分析条件的优化,可以同时检测饲料中7种违禁精神类药物.饲料样品经乙腈/水(9:1, V/V)提取后,过MCX固相萃取柱净化,氮吹至干,用1 mL乙腈/水(2:8, V/V)溶解后测定,采用SRM模式进行定性与定量分析.7种精神类药物在饲料中的回收率为53.9%～110.2%; 相对标准偏差为3.4%～18.4%;硝西泮、奥沙西泮、氯丙嗪、异丙嗪的检出限为1.0 ng/g;对地西泮、奋乃静、硫利达嗪的检出限为5.0 ng/g.结果表明,本方法可用于饲料中7种精神类药物的测定.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中的氯酸盐和高氯酸盐北大核心CSCD

针对土壤样品的分析,建立了一种同时测定氯酸盐和高氯酸盐含量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法。样品经过超声提取、高速离心去除杂质,上清液过固相萃取柱及滤膜净化,用液-质联用仪测定,内标法定量。氯酸盐在2.00~200 ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9997,检出限为6.0μg/kg,定量限为20.0μg/kg,加标回收率在92.0%~102.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.9%;高氯酸盐在1.00~100 ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9996,检出限为4.0μg/kg,定量限为10.0μg/kg,加标回收率在94.6%~108.0%,RSD为3.6%。该方法操作简单、测定结果稳定,可用于土壤中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐含量的测定。     

Determination of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Propolis with Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry

In this study, a method was developed for the determination of five neonicotinoid pesticides (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam) in propolis. Two sample preparation methods were tested: solid-phase extraction and the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method. The identities of analytes were confirmed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the selected reaction monitoring mode. Solid-phase extraction resulted in cleaner extracts; therefore, the SPE-LC-MS/MS method was validated according to the SANTE protocol in triplicate at two spiking levels (10 ng/g and 50 ng/g). The average recoveries of analytes ranged from 61% to 101%, except for clothianidin (10–20%). The LOD ranged from 0.2 ng/g to 4.4 ng/g, whereas the LOQ was in the range of 0.8 ng/g–14.7 ng/g. In order to compensate for the matrix effect, matrix-matched calibration was used. Good accuracy (relative error: 1.9–10.4%) and good linearity (R² > 0.991) were obtained for all compounds. The optimised method was applied to 30 samples: 18 raw propolis and 12 ethanol tinctures. Acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and thiacloprid were detectable in seven samples but were still below the LOQ. This study is the first to report the determination of several neonicotinoid residues in propolis.     

LC-MS/MS法同时测定4种中草药中155种农药残留

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)同时测定4种中草药(甘草、银杏叶、菊花和八角茴香)中155种农药残留方法。样品采用乙腈、无水硫酸镁和乙酸钠分散固相萃取(DSPE),再经Cleanert TPH固相萃取(SPE)柱净化,乙腈/甲苯(8:1,V/V)洗脱,液相色谱串联质谱多反应监测模式下测定,外标法定量。实验结果表明,155种农药的检出限(S/N=3)和定量限(S/N=10)范围分别为0.4～34.1μg/kg和1.3～113.7μg/kg;在1.0～2400.0μg/kg浓度范围内,155种农药中有148种农药在4种中草药中线性相关系数平均值R2≥0.9950;在低、中、高3个添加水平,86.5%～97.4%的农药平均回收率在60%～120%范围,94.2%～100.0%的农药相对标准偏差RSD≤20%(n=5)。该方法适用于中草药中农药多残留检测。     

分散固相萃取-增强型去除脂质-LC-MS/MS法测定衣物洗涤剂中的马来酸二乙酯

建立以分散固相萃取-增强型去除脂质(QuEChERS EMR-Lipid)为前处理方法,液相色谱-串联质谱法测定衣物洗涤剂中马来酸二乙酯含量的方法。样品在60℃水浴中经乙腈超声提取,以QuEChERS EMR-Lipid净化管快速净化,用液相色谱-串联质谱法分析,色谱峰外标法定量。马来酸二乙酯的质量浓度在0.5~100.0μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积成良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.9996。样品加标回收率为92.7%~98.2%。对样品进行6次重复测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.2%~4.6%。该方法前处理简单、快捷,灵敏度高,定性定量准确,可用于衣物洗涤剂中马来酸二乙酯含量的快速检测。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂产品中吡虫啉及其3种代谢物

建立了蜂蜜和蜂花粉中吡虫啉及其代谢物吡虫啉烯烃、吡虫啉脲、6-氯烟酸的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法.在QuEChERS方法基础上,针对目标物化学性质和样品杂质情况,对提取溶液的pH值、提取次数、净化材料等参数进行了优化.最终以5％甲酸-乙腈溶液提取两次,无水MgSO4、NaCl盐析分层,提取液经增强型脂类去除材料(EMR)净化,以LC-MS/MS进行测定,基质外标法进行定量分析.结果表明,蜂蜜和蜂花粉中吡虫啉、吡虫啉烯烃、吡虫啉脲、6-氯烟酸的平均加标回收率为86.0％～111.5％, 相对标准偏差在1.7％～9.6％之间, 检出限分别为0.20, 3.50, 0.40和14.00 μg/kg,定量限分别为0.60, 11.64, 1.20和45.00 μg/kg.本方法分析速度快、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于蜂蜜和蜂花粉中吡虫啉及其3种代谢物的快速测定.     

Analysis of UV ink photoinitiators in packaged food by fast liquid chromatography at sub-ambient temperature coupled to tandem mass spectrometry

A fast method of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for the analysis of eleven UV ink photoinitiators in packaged food. Chromatographic separation was achieved in a pentafluorophenylpropyl (PFPP) column at 5°C and acetonitrile:25 mM formic acid-ammonium formate (pH 2.7) in gradient elution. To reduce sample treatment, a QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method for the extraction and clean-up of UV photoinitiators in packaged foods was evaluated. Triple quadrupole working in H-SRM on Q1 mode was used for both quantitation and confirmation purposes and the most intense and selective transitions were chosen. Quality parameters of the developed QuEChERS LC-MS/MS method were established and applied for the analysis of photoinitiators in food packaged at ng kg(-1) levels.     

Determination of R-(+)-higenamine enantiomer in Nelumbo nucifera by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescent chiral tagging reagent

A sensitive method for determination of higenamine enantiomers based on a derivatization reaction with a fluorescent chiral tagging reagent, R-(−)/S-(+)-4-(3-isothiocyanatopyrrolidin-1-yl)-7-(N,N-Dimethylaminosulfonyl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole[R-(−)/S-(+)-DBD-PyNCS] has been developed. The tagging reagent preferably reacts with higenamine enantiomers under mild reaction conditions (at 60 °C for 60 min) in the presence of 3% pyridine to produce the corresponding fluorescent diastereomers with an excitation maximum at 450 nm and an emission maximum at 550 nm. The derivatives of higenamine enantiomers were efficiently resolved on a ODS column by an isocratic elution with water–acetonitrile–methanol mobile phase containing 0.2% formic acid. The resolution (Rs) values of the corresponding higenamine diastereomers was 1.52. The calibration curves of both R-(+)/S-(−)-higenamine enantiomers were linear over the concentration range of 0.2–400 μg/mL. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) per injection were 20 ng/mL. The developed method was applied successfully to the determination of higenamine in embryo of Nelumbo nucifera, a Chinese herbal medicine.     

Rapid determination of residual pesticides in tobacco by the quick,easy, cheap,effective, rugged,and safe sample pretreatment method coupled with LC–MS

A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) sample pretreatment method coupled with LC–MS was developed for the determination of 11 pesticides in tobacco. Sample pretreatment parameters and instrumental parameters of LC–MS were investigated, and the optimal conditions were selected. Under the optimized conditions, the 11 pesticides were detected simultaneously with a good linear relationship (r² = 0.9993–0.9999) and high precisions (less than 5% of the RSD of peak areas). The LODs were in the range of 0.1–5.0 μg/L. Compared with SPE clean‐up, QuEChERS greatly simplified the sample pretreatment with simple solvent extraction system. After QuEChERS pretreatment, no serious matrix effects were observed. Used for the analysis of real samples, metalaxyl was found in cigarette and tobacco samples at 63.47 and 132.27 ng/g, respectively. The recoveries for 11 pesticides were in the range of 70.03–118.69%, and RSDs were less than 10%. The proposed method is simple, low cost, and has good reproducibility.     

New analytical method for the determination of musks in personal care products by Quick,Easy, Cheap,Effective, Rugged,and Safe extraction followed by GC–MS

Synthetic musks are organic compounds used as fragrance additives and fixative compounds in a diversity of personal care products. A new method based on quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction followed by GC–MS for the analysis of 12 musks in personal care products was developed and validated. Some experimental parameters, such as total QuEChERS mass, sample mass/solvent volume ratio, type of extraction solvent, as well as salts and sorbents amount were investigated and optimized. The final method involves the musks extraction using acetonitrile, followed by the addition of anhydrous magnesium sulphate and sodium acetate. The clean‐up step was performed using dispersive SPE with primary and secondary amine and octadecyl–silica sorbents. This extraction procedure is fast (about 10 min) when compared to other traditional approaches. The method was robust for the matrices studied and shows a high precision (%RSD < 15%) and accuracy (average recovery of 85%), allowing the detection of musks in minimum concentrations between 0.01 ng/g (galaxolide) and 15.80 ng/g (musk xylene). The developed method was applied to the analysis of 12 samples, which revealed musks concentrations ranging from 2 ng/g (toothpaste) to 882 340 ng/g (perfumed body lotion).