超高效液相色谱-Orbitrap高分辨质谱用于减肥和壮阳类保健食品中32种非法添加药物的快速筛查和确证北大核心CSCD

建立了基于超高效液相色谱-Orbitrap高分辨质谱的快速筛查及确证减肥和壮阳类保健食品中32种非法添加药物的分析方法,并总结了数据库建立和应用的相关要点。研究对象聚焦于非法添加药物的衍生物,在对比正负离子模式下各化合物响应强度的基础上建立了高分辨质谱信息库,对提取溶剂、色谱柱温度等实验条件进行了详细探究,尽可能给出了较宽的标准曲线线性范围。使用Hypersil gold vanquish色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.9μm),梯度洗脱,流量0.3 mL/min,正、负离子全扫描/数据依赖的二级扫描模式,在17 min内完成32种目标化合物的数据采集,通过TraceFinder软件进行快速定性筛查和定量。结果显示在17 min内32种化合物能得到较好分离;2种基质加标溶液中32种化合物的一级质谱离子精确质量数的实测值与理论值均在5×10^(-6)误差之内,二级碎片离子质量数的实测值与理论值均在1×10^(-5)误差之内;方法学验证结果表明,所有化合物均显示出优异的线性关系,相关系数(r^(2))均大于0.99;固体基质中除达泊西汀、羟基硫代豪莫西地那非、硫代豪莫西地那非、硫代西地那非、去甲基硫代西地那非的回收率较低外,其余27种化合物的回收率为50.5%~84.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%~13%,液体基质中32种化合物的回收率范围为60.4%~109.3%,RSD为0.77%~8.2%;在48份减肥及壮阳类保健食品中检出1份阳性样品,检出率2.08%。该方法操作简单,结果定性准确,可用于减肥及壮阳类保健食品中32种非法添加药物的快速筛查及确证。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定保健食品中21种非法添加化合物

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定保健食品中21种非法添加化合物的方法。样品用乙腈超声提取后，采用HLB固相萃取小柱净化，经Waters BEH C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm，1.7 μm）分离，以10 mmol/L乙酸铵和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱，采用电喷雾电离（ESI）源，在多反应监测模式下检测。结果表明，21种非法添加化合物均呈良好的线性关系，相关系数均≥0.995，不同基质的检出限为3~160 μg/kg，回收率为61.8%~109.3%，相对标准偏差为1.6%~14.7%。该方法可用于减肥类、降脂类、降糖类、降压类保健食品中21种非法添加药物的同时测定。     

高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱法快速筛查改善睡眠类保健食品中非法添加的24种镇静催眠药

建立了高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱(HPLC-IT MS)同时测定改善睡眠类保健食品中非法添加的24种镇静催眠药的快速筛查方法。样品经甲醇超声提取20 min,经0.45 μm滤膜过滤后进行HPLC-IT MS分析检测。采用Phenomenex Luna C18色谱柱分离,流动相A为0.05%(v/v)甲酸水溶液,流动相B为甲醇-乙腈(15:25, v/v)溶液,等度洗脱;采用电喷雾离子(ESI)源及正、负离子切换模式,扫描MS¹~MS³三级质谱,利用24种药物的MS/MS(MS²)和MS/MS/MS(MS³)质谱对样品进行定性筛查。24种镇静催眠药品在一定线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)均大于0.999,检出限在4.0~446.6 μg/L之间,3个添加水平的回收率为88.6%~110.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.8%~9.8%之间。27批样品经筛查发现有18批样品检出褪黑素。该方法快速、灵敏、处理方法简单,可用于保健食品中非法添加镇静催眠类药品的快速筛查。     

Orbitrap高分辨质谱法高通量筛查生化药品、中成药与保健品中非法添加的13种消化类化学药物

建立了生化药品、中成药和保健品中非法添加的13种消化类化学药的超高效液相色谱-Orbitrap高分辨质谱(UHPLC-HRMS)高通量筛查方法。供试品以甲醇-水(50∶50)为提取溶剂,经Hypersil Gold C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,3μm)色谱柱分离,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,单次分析仅需10min。采用正离子检测,Full MS/dd-MS2扫描模式。通过比较供试品与对照品的色谱保留时间、高分辨一级和二级质谱,判断供试品中是否非法添加消化类药物,并对阳性样品进行定量分析。13种化合物的线性范围均为8.0~800μg/L,相关系数(r)均不低于0.998 5,回收率为94.6%~106.2%,相对标准偏差为1.2%~2.9%。该法快速简便、通量高、选择性好、灵敏度高,并已用于生化药品、中成药及保健品非法添加消化类化学药的高通量筛查和测定,在38批中成药中发现5批阳性样品,在43批保健品中发现3批阳性样品。     

超高效液相色谱法同时测定减肥类保健食品中非法添加的25种药物

建立了采用超高效液相色谱同时测定减肥类保健食品中25种非法添加化学药物含量的方法。保健食品样品以甲醇为提取溶剂进行超声提取,离心后取上清液以Waters HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm)进行分离,乙腈和10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(含0.1%甲酸)为流动相梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,在200~400 nm波长范围内进行定性和定量分析。在相应的浓度范围内,25种化学药物的质量浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,R²≥0.997;定量限在0.500~5.00 ng之间;在低、中、高3个添加水平范围内的平均回收率为70.7%~104%,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.132%~5.03%之间。样品筛查结果发现,17种减肥保健食品中3种样品非法添加了酚酞,1种样品添加了大黄素。该方法选择性强、分析速度快、高通量,可用于该类保健食品中非法添加化学药品的定性筛查和定量检测。     

液相色谱/线性离子阱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法快速筛查葡萄酒中的合成色素

基于液相色谱/线性离子阱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(LC/LTQ-orbitrap MS)技术构建了合成色素的质谱数据库,利用精确质量数和该数据库中二级质谱图的匹配度分析筛查,建立了葡萄酒中15种水溶性合成色素的快速筛查方法。葡萄酒样品通过弱阴离子交换柱进行净化后经苯基色谱柱分离,然后用LTQ-orbitrap MS对样品中的色素进行筛查和定量检测。结果显示,葡萄酒中15种色素的检出限在0.00040~0.18 mg/L之间,3个加标水平的回收率在43.1%~127%之间,平均相对标准偏差均小于10%。加标样品的二级质谱图与数据库中标准样品二级质谱图的匹配度均达到98%以上。该方法可在无标准物质的情况下对葡萄酒中的15种合成色素进行筛查检测。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法快速筛查保健食品中的西布曲明及其5种衍生物

建立了高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（HPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS）快速筛查保健食品中的西布曲明及其5种衍生物的方法。样品经甲醇超声提取,高速离心,Hypersil Gold色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,3 μm）分离,以甲醇与0.15%（v/v）甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,正离子全扫描/数据依赖二级扫描（Full MS/dd-MS²）模式下进行质谱分析,一级高分辨准分子离子峰定量。8 min内完成对样品中分析物的分离和高精度一级、二级扫描,得到准确质量数和准确碎片离子信息。实验结果表明,6种化合物的精确质量相对偏差均小于1×10^-6,在0.5~20.0 μg/L范围内线性相关系数大于0.999,定量限为25 μg/kg,回收率在93.5%~103.5%,相对标准偏差在1.5%~7.7%,本方法具有前处理简单、快速、准确、高灵敏度、高选择性等特点,可用于保健食品中西布曲明及其衍生物等减肥类非法添加物的定性筛查和定量分析。     

HPLC法快速筛查抗风湿类中成药或保健食品中21种非法添加化学成分

基于亚3μm核壳填料色谱柱技术建立了高效液相色谱法快速筛查21种抗风湿类化合物。供试品以1%乙酸-甲醇为提取溶剂,经ACCHROM C18100A(4.6 mm×100 mm,2.8μm)分离,以磷酸水溶液(pH3.0)-甲醇-乙腈溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长为230 nm,流速1.0 m L/min,柱温35℃。该方法在20 min内可分离21种成分,各化合物的线性范围为5~100μg/m L(萘普生为1.5~30μg/m L),回收率为91.0%~109.1%。萘普生的检出限(S/N=3)为0.8 mg/kg,其余化合物的检出限为2.0 mg/kg。按上述方法对抽检样品进行检测,发现18批阳性样品,并采用液相色谱-质谱联用法进一步确证。该方法快速、准确,适用于抗风湿类中成药或保健食品中非法添加化学成分的快速筛查,具有广阔的应用前景。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速筛查茶叶中的204种农药残留

利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)技术建立了茶叶中204种农药残留的快速筛查和确证检测方法。样品采用乙腈提取,经Carb-PSA固相萃取小柱净化,用乙腈-甲苯(3:1, v/v)洗脱,采用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS检测,外标法定量。建立了204种农药的一级精确质量数据库和二级谱图库,通过化合物的精确质量数、保留时间、同位素比值等信息对检测结果进行自动检索,从而在无对照标准品的情况下完成了204种农药的定性鉴定。结果表明,该方法可以同时对茶叶中204种农药残留进行快速筛查,在10、20、50 μg/kg 3个添加水平下的平均回收率为68.1%~117.2%,相对标准偏差为3.1%~18.9%。定量限均小于10 μg/kg。采用本方法对4份阳性样品进行检测,所得结果与GB/T 23205-2008的检测结果基本一致。该方法快速、灵敏、准确,可用于茶叶中204种农药残留的快速筛查。     

中兽药口服液中非法添加化学药物高分辨质谱筛查

建立了适用于中兽药口服液中167种非法添加化学药物的超高效液相色谱-四极杆静电场轨道阱质谱高通量筛查方法。样品采用0.5%甲酸乙腈-水进行振荡超声提取，电喷雾电离源（ESI）、正负离子同时扫描方式进行数据采集。通过与自建的167种化合物的基本信息及色谱-质谱信息数据库进行比对，对色谱-质谱条件、提取溶剂的种类和净化条件进行优化。将经前处理后的口服液样品上机测试后，采用Trace Finder筛查软件对数据结果进行分析。结果显示，50 ng/mL非法添加药物（头孢类和内酰胺类药物为100～200 ng/mL）上机时可定性检出。不同药物配方因基质影响，其非法添加药物的检出率略有差异。该方法可基本实现中兽药口服液中非法添加化学药物的高通量快速筛查，具备操作简便、快速高效的特点，为其他兽药剂型中非法添加药物的筛查奠定了基础。     

Targeted and nontargeted screening and identification of 50 antihypertensive adulterants in dietary supplements and herbal medicines using quadrupole–orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry with compound database

In the present work, a novel database of drug compounds and a rapid screening method based on ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry were developed and applied in the screening and identification of targeted and nontargeted antihypertensive adulterants in dietary supplements and herbal medicines. The established screening database includes retention time, exact mass, fragments, isotopic pattern, and MS² spectra library of the target compounds and thus provides automated search and identification of the targets with a single injection. The nontargeted compounds in the samples are identified through the full MS scan and MS² data by using the Chemspider database and the data analysis in XCalibur, MassFrontier and TraceFinder software. In addition, this method possesses excellent quantitative capacity. The novel approach was applied to 65 batches of samples that are claimed as “all‐natural” products having the antihypertensive function, among which nine batches were found to be positive. Multiple targeted and nontargeted antihypertensive adulterants were detected at levels ranging from 2.8 to 27.9 mg/g. The novel database and screening method demonstrated herein will be promising and powerful tools for rapid screening of antihypertensive adulterants in dietary supplements and herbal medicines.     

Rapid screening test for adulteration in raw materials of dietary supplements

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) sampling was evaluated for use in screening for adulteration in raw materials used in the formulation and manufacture of dietary supplements. ATR requires minimal-to-no sample preparation and the method runs in less than ten minutes, providing a robust, rapid screening test for a variety of possible adulterants in the raw materials of dietary supplements. Spectral comparison methods targeting structural similarities of known adulterants were developed. In this study, FTIR-ATR was used to detect the presence of known adulterants intentionally spiked into dietary ingredients, including erectile dysfunction drugs, steroids, weight loss drugs and Melamine.     

Mass spectrometric analysis of pharmaceutical adulterants in products labeled as botanical dietary supplements or herbal remedies: a review

The increased availability and use of botanical dietary supplements and herbal remedies among consumers has been accompanied by an increased frequency of adulteration of these products with synthetic pharmaceuticals. Unscrupulous producers may add drugs and analogues of various classes, such as phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors, weight loss, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory agents, or anabolic steroids, to develop or intensify biological effects of dietary supplements or herbal remedies. The presence of such adulterated products in the marketplace is a worldwide problem and their consumption poses health risks to consumers. Analytical methods that allow rapid and reliable testing of dietary supplements for the presence of synthetic drugs are needed to address such fraudulent practices. Mass spectrometry (MS) and hyphenated techniques such as liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) have become primary tools in this endeavor. The present review critically assesses the role and summarizes the applications of MS in the analysis of pharmaceutical adulterants in botanical dietary supplements and herbal remedies. The uses of MS techniques in detection, confirmation, and quantification of known pharmaceutical adulterants as well as in screening for and structure elucidation of unexpected adulterants and novel designer drugs are discussed.     

Rapid screening for synthetic antidiabetic drug adulteration in herbal dietary supplements using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry

Adulteration of herbal supplements with synthetic drugs is illegal. A rapid and reliable method which utilizes direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) was developed for the identification of seven synthetic antidiabetic drugs used as adulterants in herbal dietary supplements. The supplement sample was simply extracted with methanol/water by manually shaking several times and directly analyzed using DART-MS. The presence of synthetic drug adulterants was confirmed through the accurate m/z values and MS/MS data obtained via quadruple time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF MS). Parameters for the DART source were systematically optimized, and the limits of detection (LODs) in herbal supplement matrices were measured. This method was successfully applied to examine five commercial herbal dietary supplements, and two of them proved to be adulterated with metformin without labeling.     

超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查和确证凉茶中167种非法添加药物

基于质谱数据库,建立了超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS)快速筛查和确证凉茶中167种非法添加药物的方法.通过调研,选定了解热镇痛药、糖皮质激素、抗菌药、抗组胺药等167种药物,并利用Orbitrap HRMS和TraceFinder软件采集和记录每种药物的信息,建立高分辨质...     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法测定防脱发化妆品中19种非法添加化学成分

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)法,结合高分辨质谱数据库,用于快速筛查及定量分析防脱发化妆品中19种非法添加化学成分.实验比较了提取溶剂的影响,优化了色谱条件和质谱条件.采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)进行色谱分离,以乙...     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法定性筛查保健食品中西地那非及其相关功效类非法添加化合物

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）定性筛查102种西地那非及其相关功效化合物的方法。甲醇超声提取样品;采用Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C18色谱柱（75 mm×3.0 mm,2.7 μm）,以0.1%（v/v）甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,流速0.4 mL/min;采用电喷雾离子（ESI）源,Q-TOF-MS作检测器,正离子模式检测;与对照品保留时间、母离子及碎片离子精确相对分子质量、元素组成比对,准确定性。西地那非等100种化合物在10种基质中的检出限为0.1~50 mg/kg或0.1~50 mg/L。并分类归纳了文中涉及的98种磷酸二酯酶5抑制剂质谱碎片裂解规律,为可疑物的识别和鉴定提供参考。该方法已应用于实际样品的测定,检出19种化合物,有效打击了非法添加行为。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定食品中34种非法添加减肥类化合物

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱测定食品(含保健食品)中34种减肥类非法添加化合物的方法。采用Waters CORTECS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7μm),以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液-含0.1%(v/v)甲酸的乙腈溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源、正离子或负离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)方式检测。西布曲明等29种化合物在0.5~10μg/L范围内、氯噻嗪等5种化合物在2.5~50μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.99;西布曲明等29种化合物在5、10和20μg/kg添加水平下的平均加标回收率为49.2%~136.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.7%~15.0%(n=6),氯噻嗪等5种化合物在25、50和100μg/kg添加水平下的平均加标回收率为51.5%~130.9%,RSD为0.8%~14.0%(n=6);西布曲明等29种化合物的检出限为5μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg,氯噻嗪等5种化合物的检出限为25μg/kg,定量限为50μg/kg。本方法已应用于实际样品的测定,共检出了12种化合物,有效打击了非法添加行为。     

A hierarchical screening method for detection of illegal adulterants in Fur seal ginseng pills by profiling analysis of HPLC multi‐dimensional fingerprints

A novel method for hierarchical screening of illegal adulterants in Fur seal ginseng pills products was developed by multi‐dimensional fingerprint profiling analysis. Fingerprint feature of the samples was acquired by high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of 11 batches of samples with diode array detector and fluorescence detector, and then potential illegal adulterants including phosphodiesterase type‐5 inhibitors, androgens, α receptor antagonists and yohimbine, were further separated at multiple wavelengths to reduce or remove interferences from sample matrix for highlight their chromatographic characteristics. Accordingly, a hierarchical screening strategy was designed by first‐order and second‐order fingerprints combined with spectral examination to achieve high accuracy and reliability. The method was successfully applied to screening of illegal adulterants in real samples, and it also exhibited good quantification performance through validation tests. From 16 batches of samples, three suspected samples were confirmed to be positive, containing 9.37μg/g of testosterone, 18.8 μg/g of tadalafil, and 48.5 μg/g of sildenafil, respectively. The recoveries and relative standard deviations were in the range of 83.6–103.1% and 4.2–6.8%, respectively. The proposed method provided a simple, efficient and promising alternative to monitoring functional foods.