在线二维液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法检测头孢噻吩钠的杂质谱

建立了在线二维液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱检测头孢噻吩钠杂质谱的方法,有效地解决了流动相中含不挥发性磷酸盐的色谱系统不适合用于液相色谱-质谱快速鉴定杂质的难题。一维高效液相色谱(HPLC)以Symmetry C18为色谱柱,以磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 2.5)和乙腈梯度洗脱;二维以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18为色谱柱,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液和0.1%(v/v)甲酸乙腈溶液梯度洗脱。以HLB C18为捕集柱,用0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液进行捕集和脱盐,采用正离子模式采集数据。对头孢噻吩钠中6个杂质进行了结构鉴定,对其来源进行了分析,并进一步确证了《中国药典》2010年版对头孢噻吩钠杂质A认定有误。采用本方法可以快速、简便、灵敏地对头孢噻吩钠杂质谱进行检测。     

固相萃取-全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱同步快速检测蔬菜中64种农药残留

建立了蔬菜中64种农药残留同相萃取-全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOF-MS)的测定方2.用乙腈提取样品,NH2-SPE周相萃取柱净化,甲醇-二氯甲烷溶液(5:95,V/V)洗脱,氮气吹扫浓缩,丙酮定容,全二维气相色谱(HP-5MS柱和DB17ht柱)-飞行时间质谱检测,基质曲线外标法定量.本方法的检出限...     

气相色谱-飞行时间质谱在化合物鉴定方面的应用进展

基于飞行时间质谱的高分辨能力、高采集速率、精确质量全谱采集等特点,该技术已广泛应用与环境监测、食品安全、生物医药等领域中复杂基质的分析。随着仪器的发展,GC-TOF MS将在目标化合物与未知化合物的可靠鉴定方面发挥更大的作用,本文综述了近十年GC-TOF MS在化合物鉴定方面的相关应用并对其发展进行了展望。     

气相色谱-飞行时间质谱在化合物鉴定方面的应用与进展

色质联用技术已成为现代化学分析的重要工具。气相色谱串联飞行时间质谱(GC-TOF MS)的应用,将色质联用技术的发展带入快速检测样品和复杂基质分析领域,被认定为最具市场潜力的气相色谱与质谱联用仪器[1]。本文简要概述了近十年GC-TOF MS在化合物鉴定方面的相关应用并对其发展进行了展望。基于飞行时间质谱的高分辨能力、高采集速率、精确质量全谱采集等特点,该技术已广泛应用与环境监测,食品安全,生物医药等领域中复杂基质分析。随着仪器的发展,GC-TOF MS将在目标化合物与未知化合物的可靠鉴定方面发挥更大的作用     

在线提取-高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测-四极杆飞行时间质谱法快速鉴定陈皮中黄酮类化合物

建立了简便、高效的在线提取-高效液相色谱-二极管阵列-四极杆飞行时间质谱法（OLE-HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS）快速提取和分离鉴定陈皮中黄酮类化合物。在线提取体系中,将填有陈皮粉末样品（2.0 mg）的固相萃取小柱取代样品环连接在手动进样阀上,样品直接被流动相提取并进入HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS系统分析,无需额外的样品前处理步骤。与传统的溶剂回流提取法相比,在线提取法具有较高的提取率。通过分析化合物的紫外谱图、色谱保留时间和质谱信息,共鉴定出24种黄酮类化合物,其中新圣草次苷、柠檬黄素-3-O-（3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸）-葡萄糖苷及其异构体首次在陈皮中报道。建立的方法为中药复杂体系中活性成分的快速分离鉴定提供了新的研究思路。     

顶空-气相色谱-飞行时间质谱鉴定分析饮用水中的异味成分

使用顶空-气相色谱-飞行时间质谱结合差异化分析软件鉴定分析出了饮用水中的异味物质。质谱数据通过逐级筛查，降低化合物数量，通过T检验和倍数变化统计分析查找差异显著的化合物，利用结构解析确定异味成分为乙醛。通过正交试验优化了加热时间、加热温度、样品量和加盐量等因素。检出限和定量限分别为0.0033和0.010 mg/L，线性范围为0.010~0.500 mg/L，相关系数R²=0.997。对实际样品进行了检测，分析了产生异味的原因，并对相应的生产加工工艺提出了合理化建议。该方法简便、快速、灵敏，适用于鉴定分析饮用水中的异味成分。     

液相色谱-离子阱-飞行时间串联质谱快速筛查蔬菜中188种农药残留

建立了蔬菜中188种农药多残留的液相色谱-离子阱-飞行时间串联质谱(LC-MS-IT-TOF)检测方法。样品以乙酸-乙腈(1∶99)提取,旋转蒸发近干后经活性炭和N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)复合固相萃取柱(CarbonGCB/PSASPE)净化,乙腈-甲苯(3∶1)洗脱,氮吹至干,甲醇定容后上机测定。除啶虫脒、联苯三唑醇、速灭磷的线性范围为10～250μg/L外,其余农药的线性范围均为5～250μg/L,相关系数均大于0.987,检出限为0.02～5.50μg/kg。在西兰花空白基质中进行5、10μg/kg两水平的加标回收实验,平均回收率分别为18%～105%、26%～130%,相对标准偏差分别为5.8%～30.1%、2.8%～22.8%。     

全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用技术分析重馏分油中芳烃组成

通过对升温速度、二维补偿温度、调制周期等关键实验参数的优化,建立了全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOF MS)分析重馏分油中芳烃组分的方法,得到了重馏分油芳烃组分按环数分布的二维点阵图。根据谱库检索、标准化合物对照及文献报道,对重馏分油芳烃组分中菲、甲基菲及芘、苯并蒽等常见多环芳烃(PAH)进行了准确定性,并将该方法应用到重馏分油加氢处理工艺研究中,对菲、芘的加氢处理产物进行了定性分析。该研究为重馏分油芳烃组分的准确定性提供了新的技术手段,为加深对油品加氢规律的认识提供了技术支持。全二维气相色谱与普通一维色谱对比,在重馏分油的芳烃组分分析上体现了极大优势。     

全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱分析焦化柴油中饱和烃的分子组成

建立了全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOF MS)分析柴油馏分中饱和烃的分子组成的方法。结合谱库检索、质谱图解析、沸点与分子结构关系和全二维谱图特征,定性(或归类)了焦化柴油饱和烃组分中1057个化合物单体,其中正构烷烃排列规律性最强,一环~三环环烷烃按照极性和沸点的差异呈瓦片状分布在其上方。另外,还准确区分了在一维气相色谱上共流出的正构烷基环己烷和正构烷基环戊烷,以及正构 α 单烯烃。根据质谱采集的总离子流色谱图,采用峰面积归一化法得到了饱和烃组分的碳数分布结果,并将该方法应用于研究不同类型柴油馏分饱和烃的分子组成特点。结果表明,催化裂化和焦化柴油馏分饱和烃组分的化合物类型和分布各不相同。分子组成分析能为油品加工工艺机理的研究提供方法支持。     

Simultaneous analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated naphthalenes by isotope dilution comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) are listed as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention. Because they have similar physical and chemical properties, they are coeluted and are usually analyzed separately by different gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) methods. In this study, a novel method was developed for simultaneous analysis of six indicator PCBs, 12 dioxin-like PCBs, and 16 PCNs using isotope dilution comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-HRTOF-MS). The method parameters, including the type of GC column, oven temperature program, and modulation period, were systematically optimized. Complete separation of all target analytes and the matrix was achieved with a DB-XLB column in the first dimension and a BPX-70 column in the second dimension. The isotope dilution method was used for quantification of the PCBs and PCNs by GC × GC-HRTOF-MS. The method showed good linearity from 5 to 500 pg μL⁻¹ for all the target compounds. The instrumental limit of detection ranged from 0.03 to 0.3 pg μL⁻¹ for the 18 PCB congeners and from 0.09 to 0.6 pg μL⁻¹ for the 16 PCN congeners. Repeatability for triplicate injections was always lower than 20%. The method was successfully applied to the determination of 18 PCBs present at 0.9–2054 pg g⁻¹ and 16 PCNs present at 0.2–15.7 pg g⁻¹ in three species of fish. The GC × GC-HRTOF-MS results agreed with those obtained by GC-HRMS. The GC × GC-HRTOF-MS method proved to be a sensitive and accurate technique for simultaneous analysis of the selected PCBs and PCNs. With the excellent chromatographic separation offered by GC × GC and accurate mass measurements offered by HRTOF-MS, this method allowed identification of non-target contaminants in the fish samples, including organochlorine pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

基于气相色谱-质谱联用与液相色谱-质谱联用的非靶向代谢组学用于3类茶叶中化学成分分析（英文）

茶叶中的化学成分是构成其风味特征的物质基础。本研究建立了基于气相色谱-质谱联用和液相色谱-质谱联用的非靶向代谢组学方法。完成预处理及分析条件优化后,使用标准样品考察方法的线性、回收率及重复性,结果表明方法整体稳定且结果可靠。将该方法用于绿茶、乌龙茶和红茶中化学成分的分析。通过超声辅助溶剂提取及气相色谱-质谱联用分析共获得1812个特征峰,而使用加热溶剂提取及液相色谱-质谱联用分析可获得2608个特征峰。结合保留规律及质谱数据库,共定性173种化合物(109种随后经标准样品验证),其中只有9种化合物在上述两类分析中被同时检出,表明方法互补性良好。3类茶叶数据的偏最小二乘判别分析结果表明,三者间存在显著差异。结合模型的变量重要因子(VIP)与非参数检验共筛选出90种化合物,其中包含儿茶素、氨基酸、糖、有机酸和黄酮苷类等众多与茶叶滋味密切相关的化学成分。     

气相色谱-质谱和液相色谱-质谱联用方法用于口腔癌代谢组学分析

口腔癌的发病率占全身恶性肿瘤的第6位,正确区分正常状态与良性和恶性口腔肿瘤,是恰当选择治疗方案的关键所在。本研究中,首先利用液相色谱-质谱和气相色谱-质谱联用方法分别得到健康人、良性口腔肿瘤患者和恶性口腔肿瘤患者血浆、尿液和唾液的代谢轮廓,然后应用正交信号校正的偏最小二乘法进行多变量统计分析。结果表明健康人、良性肿瘤患者和恶性肿瘤患者在血浆、尿液和唾液等3种体液代谢中都可以被区分开,而且找到和鉴定出19个重要差异代谢物。相关代谢通路分析显示,与健康人相比,良性和恶性口腔肿瘤患者都存在能量代谢紊乱和脂类代谢失衡的现象,但恶性口腔肿瘤患者还表现出三羧酸循环和肌醇代谢异常,这为临床诊断及治疗提供了重要信息。     

Environmental analysis of chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry

A method for the analysis of chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (Cl-/Br-PAHs) congeners in environmental samples, such as a soil extract, by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to a high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-HRTOF-MS) is described. The GC×GC-HRTOF-MS method allowed highly selective group type analysis in the two-dimensional (2D) mass chromatograms with a very narrow mass window (e.g. 0.02Da), accurate mass measurements for the full mass range (m/z 35-600) in GC×GC mode, and the calculation of the elemental composition for the detected Cl-/Br-PAH congeners in the real-world sample. Thirty Cl-/Br-PAHs including higher chlorinated 10 PAHs (e.g. penta, hexa and hepta substitution) and ClBr-PAHs (without analytical standards) were identified with high probability in the soil extract. To our knowledge, highly chlorinated PAHs, such as C(14)H(3)Cl(7) and C(16)H(3)Cl(7), and ClBr-PAHs, such as C(14)H(7)Cl(2)Br and C(16)H(8)ClBr, were found in the environmental samples for the first time. Other organohalogen compounds; e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were also detected. This technique provides exhaustive analysis and powerful identification for the unknown and unconfirmed Cl-/Br-PAH congeners in environmental samples.     

全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱分析不同产地的川芎挥发油

建立了川芎挥发油的全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱(GC×GC/TOF MS)指纹图谱,并结合聚类分析评价了川芎药材的质量。4种萜类和苯酞类物质在DB-Petro×DB-17柱系统上实现了明显的族组分分离。从新都市的1个样品中分离出375种组分,其中相似度、反相似度皆大于800的化合物215个;根据质谱库检索和保留指数验证,或参照标准化合物及文献报道,从中定性了43个化合物。结合偏最小二乘法-判别分析,可以很好地将4个产区的挥发油样品加以区分,并找出20种差异最大的化合物,其中包括4种苯酞类物质。在此基础上,进一步应用正交偏最小二乘法,关联化学成分和抗氧化活性,结果发现,苯酞类物质(如藁本内酯、川芎内酯A和新蛇床内酯)对川芎挥发油样品地区差异的影响最大,其中彭州产川芎样品中苯酞类物质的含量最高。本文通过高分辨色谱技术研究了相邻产地的药物化学组成差异,并将化学指纹及生物学活性相关联,建立了系统的中药质量评价及活性化合物筛选研究模式。     

气相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱准确鉴定常见水果蔬菜中的农药残留

建立了一种新型农药多残留检测方法。采用气相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（GC-QTOF MS）结合Carbon NH₂柱固相萃取净化可对不同类别的152种农药残留进行准确的鉴定。一级（MS¹）精确质量数据库评价3~5个特征离子,以3个及以上特征离子检出且离子丰度比（Q/q_i）合适作为一级质谱定性依据。对部分特征离子数不足及特征离子检出情况不符合条件的农药进行二级（MS²）确证,应用二级谱图库检索及镜像结果对比分析实现疑似农药确证。本文对梨、甘蓝、番茄3种代表性果蔬在5.0和10.0 μg/kg 2个添加水平的152种农药进行测定,回收率在70%~120%范围的比例分别为甘蓝91.45 %、94.08%,番茄88.20%、88.80%,梨86.84%、92.10%。本方法为常见果蔬中农药残留的准确判断提供了可靠依据,扩大了分析范围。     

Stir bar sorptive extraction and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry for ultra-trace analysis of organochlorine pesticides in river water

A method for the determination of ultra-trace amounts of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in river water was developed by using stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) followed by thermal desorption and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SBSE-TD-GC×GC-HRTOF-MS). SBSE conditions such as extraction time profiles, phase ratio (β: sample volume/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) volume), and modifier addition, were examined. Fifty milli-liter sample including 10% acetone was extracted for 3 h using stir bars with a length of 20 mm and coated with a 0.5 mm layer of PDMS (PDMS volume, 47 μL). The stir bar was thermally desorbed and subsequently analyzed by GC×GC-HRTOF-MS. The method showed good linearity over the concentration range from 50 to 1000 pg L(-1) or 2000 pg L(-1) for all analytes, and the correlation coefficients (r(2)) were greater than 0.9903 (except for β-HCH, r(2)=0.9870). The limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 10 to 44 pg L(-1). The method was successfully applied to the determination of 16 OCPs at pg L(-1) to ng L(-1) in river water. The results agree fairly well with the values obtained by a conventional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE)-GC-HRMS (selected ion monitoring: SIM) method using large sample volume (20 L). The method also allows screening of non-target compounds, e.g. pesticides and their degradation products, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and metabolites in the same river water sample, by using full spectrum acquisition with accurate mass in GC×GC.