基于肝脏代谢组分析研究低聚硒化氨基多糖对黑鲷的免疫调节作用

采用基于液相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用（LC-TOF-MS）技术的代谢组学方法，分析黑鲷肝脏内源性代谢物的变化，研究硒化氨基多糖增强黑鲷的免疫调节机制。采用XCMS^plus软件非靶向分析质谱采集数据，筛选潜在生物标志物，并通过MetaboAnalyst3.0网站分析相关代谢通路。结果表明，饲喂硒化氨基多糖组中的代谢物明显区分于空白组，发现并鉴定了32个有差异的生物标志物。代谢通路分析结果表明，硒化氨基多糖可通过氨基酰基-转运脱氧核糖核苷酸（tRNA）生物合成、氨基酸代谢、核苷酸代谢、氮代谢等代谢通路增强黑鲷自身的免疫机能。该研究为阐明硒化氨基多糖的免疫增强机制提供了科学依据。     

细胞蛋白质组学和代谢组学整合策略表征散斑型BTB/POZ蛋白质突变调控的关键代谢通路

散斑型BTB/POZ蛋白（SPOP）是前列腺癌中突变率最高的蛋白质之一。该研究通过整合细胞蛋白质组学和代谢组学的方法，揭示SPOP突变引起的代谢紊乱及其调控的代谢通路。首先，系统地研究了LNCaP SPOP野生型及突变型高表达细胞中的代谢变化。代谢组学结果显示，SPOP野生型和突变型（SPOP_Y87N和SPOP_F133L）导入的LNCaP细胞在偏最小二乘法判别分析（PLS-DA）得分图上得到了很好的区分。进一步通过单因素方差分析发现，SPOP突变引起富马酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、天冬氨酸和天冬酰胺等代谢物含量的增加。蛋白质组学共发现909种蛋白质在两种LNCaP SPOP突变体细胞中发生变化。分别对差异代谢物和差异蛋白质进行通路富集分析，发现三羧酸循环、氨酰基-转运核糖核酸生物合成在代谢组学和蛋白质组学分析中都发生了明显改变。最后，在SPOP敲除的Du145细胞中验证了上述研究结果。该研究证明SPOP突变可促进三羧酸循环。     

基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用技术的血瘀模型大鼠血浆代谢组学分析

采用盐酸肾上腺素加冰水浴建立急性血瘀大鼠模型，使用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF/MS）检测空白对照组与血瘀模型组中血浆代谢物，用主成分分析（PCA）、有监督偏最小二乘法判别分析（PLS-DA）及正交偏最小二乘法判别分析（OPLS-DA）对代谢组学数据进行多维统计分析，筛选潜在生物标志物。与对照组相比，在血瘀模型组大鼠血浆中检测出46个差异代谢物，血瘀模型组中乙酰胆碱、N6，N6，N6-三甲基-L-赖氨酸、胞嘧啶、乙酰肉碱等21个代谢物显著上调，吲哚丙酸、LysoPC（14：0）等25个代谢物显著下调，可能与脂质代谢、半乳糖代谢、亚油酸代谢、不饱和脂肪酸生物合成、糖酵解、花生四烯酸代谢等通路有关。代谢产物可作为血瘀证研究中的重要标记物，该研究结果有助于揭示血瘀证的发病机制，可为临床血瘀疾病的诊断及选用药物治疗提供思路，为后续治疗手段提供参考依据。     

利用代谢组学研究大气细颗粒物的生殖毒性效应

大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)污染已成为严峻的环境问题,探究PM2.5的毒性效应和机理变得尤为重要.本研究利用基于液相色谱/质谱的代谢组学技术,分析经PM2.5悬混液气管滴注暴露后成年雄性大鼠睾丸代谢组的全局变化,采用偏最小二乘判别分析法和非参数检验进行统计分析.结果表明,PM2.5暴露组大鼠睾丸的油提和水提代谢指纹谱均可与对照组实现准确区分,表明PM2.5暴露对大鼠睾丸的整体代谢网络产生了显著影响,最终鉴定出56个差异代谢物.通路分析显示,PM2.5暴露会引起大鼠睾丸的氨基酸和核苷酸代谢紊乱、类固醇激素代谢失衡以及脂类代谢异常,而这些重要通路可能是PM2.5生殖毒性的关键分子事件.     

基于超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱联用技术的桑黄干预后大鼠尿液代谢组学分析

为探讨服用桑黄水煎液对机体的影响,采用超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱（UPLC-HDMS）联用技术,检测灌胃给予桑黄水煎液后大鼠尿液中代谢物的变化。采用正交偏最小二乘法判别分析（OPLS-DA）对空白组和给药组大鼠尿液代谢物进行聚类分析,筛选出潜在的生物标志物,并通过MetaboAnalyst 3.0网站分析相关代谢通路。数据显示,两组大鼠尿液中的代谢物在第28天得到了很好的区分,发现并鉴定了10个生物标记物。灌胃给予桑黄水煎液主要对机体的半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸代谢、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、嘌呤代谢等代谢通路产生影响。研究结果为深入探讨桑黄药效作用机制奠定了一定的实验基础。     

基于代谢组学和特征分子网络技术分析小鼠体内氧氟沙星的代谢产物

借助超高效液相色谱-四极杆串联飞行时间质谱（UHPLC-Q-TOF MS），结合代谢组学及特征分子网络（FBMN）技术，分析氧氟沙星在小鼠肌肉、结肠、肝脏、肾脏、回肠及内容物中的代谢产物。依据人类代谢组数据库（HMDB），利用代谢组学软件Progenesis QI鉴定出小鼠体内氧氟沙星的2种代谢产物，分别为N-氧化产物和培氟沙星；在FBMN技术下，依据可视化结果鉴定出5种代谢产物，其中两种与QI鉴定结果相同，另外3种分别为脱羧产物、脱羧后N-脱烷基化产物、脱氨后开环脱羧产物。采用所建立的方法快速分析了小鼠体内氧氟沙星的代谢产物。该方法具有快速、准确、无需标准品等特点，在其他代谢产物的分析方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

基于药代动力学和代谢组学研究咖啡因对异丙嗪镇静作用的影响

采用药代动力学和代谢组学方法研究了咖啡因对异丙嗪镇静作用的影响. 首先, 采用航天警戒作业模拟系统和斯坦福睡眠量表, 比较了异丙嗪单独给药和联合咖啡因给药对志愿者认知功能的影响; 然后, 通过Kinetica软件计算异丙嗪在咖啡因联用前后的药代动力学参数变化, 并讨论可能的影响因素; 最后, 使用代谢组学方法对潜在生物标志物进行了鉴定. 实验结果表明, 咖啡因可以对抗异丙嗪的镇静作用, 并改善志愿者的认知功能. 这可能与联合给药后异丙嗪在体内代谢加快, 多巴胺, 去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素相关通路发生变化有关. 该方法为异丙嗪和咖啡因联合用药研究提供了新思路.     

代谢组学研究策略与方法的新进展

代谢组学研究的是生物体系受到内在和外在因素刺激产生的内源性代谢变化,可以对那些能描述代谢循环情况的关键化合物进行定性和定量分析.近几年来,代谢组学已经成为生命科学领域一个重要的、有价值的工具,并在不断创新的分析技术推动下稳步发展.虽然代谢组学本身还存在一些不足,但许多研究者以解决问题为出发点,提出了一些新的研究策略、方法和技术.代谢组学发展呈现出整合一体化,定量化和标准化的趋势.本文对代谢组学的概况,现在的发展情况和未来的趋势进行综述.     

基于脾脏代谢组学方法研究低聚硒化氨基多糖对黑鲷的免疫调节作用

以冷冻甲醇提取,C_(18)色谱柱和HILIC色谱柱分别分离黑鲷脾脏中的内源性代谢物,采用基于超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用技术(UPLC-TOF-MS)的非靶向代谢组学研究方法,分析了黑鲷饲喂低聚硒化氨基多糖后脾脏中内源性代谢物的变化差异,揭示了低聚硒化氨基多糖调节黑鲷免疫功能的潜在机制。采用XCMS~(plus)软件结合高分辨二级质谱数据库处理质谱原始数据,筛选出潜在生物标志物,并通过Metabo Analyst 4.0网站分析相关代谢通路。结果表明,黑鲷饲喂低聚硒化氨基多糖后脾脏中的36个代谢物发生显著变化;低聚硒化氨基多糖可通过9条代谢通路增强黑鲷的免疫机能。该研究结果为阐明低聚硒化氨基多糖的免疫增强机制提供了科学依据。     

基于质谱技术的代谢组学研究及其在中国的发展

代谢组学是关于生物系统代谢物组成及变化规律的科学,是系统生物学的重要组成部分.质谱技术是目前代谢组学研究中最主要的分析手段之一,广泛应用于代谢组学各个领域.本文阐述了基于质谱技术的代谢组学方法及其应用,重点介绍和评论了近年来我国在该领域取得的进步和成果,并对基于质谱技术的代谢组学研究目前存在的问题及未来的发展进行了分析与展望.     

Trimester-specific urinary metabolome alterations associated with gestational diabetes mellitus: A study in different pregnancy stages

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM), a frequently-occurring disease during pregnancy, may cause some adverse healthy outcome of both mother and offspring. However, the knowledge about metabolite alterations during the pathogenesis and development process is limited. Here, a large longitudinal nontargeted metabolomics study of 195 pregnant women(64 women with subsequently developed GDM and131 healthy controls) was conducted. Each participant provided urine samples at three timepoints during early,...     

A system architecture for parallel analysis of flux-balanced metabolic pathways

Elementary flux mode (EFM) analysis is a well-studied method in constraint-based modeling of metabolic networks. In EFM analysis, a network is decomposed into minimal functional pathways based on the assumption of balanced metabolic fluxes. In this paper, a system architecture is proposed that approximately models the functionality of metabolic networks. The AND/OR graph model is used to represent the metabolic network and each processing element in the system emulates the functionality of a metabolite. The system is implemented on a graphics processing unit (GPU) as the hardware platform using CUDA environment. The proposed architecture takes advantage of the inherent parallelism in the network structure in terms of both pathway and metabolite traversal. The function of each element is defined such that it can find flux-balanced pathways. Pathways in both small and large metabolic networks are applied to the proposed architecture and the results are discussed.     

血浆游离脂肪酸代谢轮廓柱前衍生定量方法在糖尿病患者中医虚证分型中的应用

以α-溴代苯乙酮为衍生化试剂,十七酸为内标物,建立了糖尿病患者血浆中游离脂肪酸(FFA)代谢谱分析法,实现了6种主要FFA及6种微量FFA的定量分析。用此方法分析了75位临床糖尿病患者的血浆FFA代谢谱,并通过线性判别分析(LDA)对气虚和气阴两虚两种中医虚证进行了关联分析,正判率为94.3%。逐步判别分析结果表明,花生四烯酸(C20:4)和油酸(C18:1)承载了这两种虚证的重要信息,可作为潜在的标志物。利用代谢组学技术研究血浆FFA代谢谱与中医虚证的相关关系对规范证候临床诊断,提高中医药诊疗体系的可信度与可重复性具有重要意义。     

A new method providing complementary explanation of the blood-enriching function and mechanism of unprocessed Angelica sinensis and its four kinds of processed products based on tissue-integrated metabolomics and confirmatory analysis

Angelica sinensis (AS) is a common Traditional Chinese Medicine used for tonifying blood in China. Unprocessed AS and its four kinds of processed products (ASs) are used to treat blood deficiency syndrome in the country. The different blood-tonifying mechanisms of ASs remain unclear. In this work, a novel method integrating metabolomics and hematological and biochemical parameters was established to provide a complementary explanation of blood supplementation mechanism of ASs. Our results revealed that different ASs exhibited various blood supplementation effect, and that AS parched with alcohol demonstrated the best blood supplementation effect. Eight metabolites from liver tissue and 12 metabolites from spleen tissue were considered to be potential biomarkers. These biomarkers were involved in four metabolic pathways. Correlation analysis results showed that l -aspartic acid and l -alanine (spleen tissue), linoleic acid, and l -cystathionine (liver tissue) exhibited a high positive or negative correlation with the aforesaid biochemical indicators. The blood-supplementation effect mechanism of ASs were related to four metabolic pathways. l -Aspartic acid and l -alanine (spleen tissue), linoleic acid, and l -cystathionine (liver tissue) were the four key metabolites associated with the blood supplementation effect of ASs. This study gives a complementary explanation of the blood supplementation effect and mechanism of action of ASs.     

液相色谱-质谱联用系统在肝硬化不同阶段代谢轮廓研究中的应用

采用高效液相色谱-轨道离子阱质谱联用(HPLC-LTQ Orbitrap XL MS)代谢组学研究平台分析不同阶段肝硬化病人和健康人群的血清标本,获取代谢轮廓。采用模式识别方法结合非参数检验对数据进行分析。研究发现,由肝硬化A级组、B级组、C级组和健康对照组的代谢轮廓构建的正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)模型(R2（Y）=90.1%, Q2=66.7%),对检测组数据的预测准确率达到93.8%,具有很好的判别能力。从代谢轮廓中可以鉴别出用于区分不同疾病阶段的特异性代谢标志物,如溶血磷脂酰胆碱、甘氨鹅去氧胆酸、半胱氨酸、甘氨酸、氨基己二酸、哌可酸等。研究结果表明: 利用代谢组学方法获得的血清代谢轮廓可以用来构建区分模型和寻找代谢标志物,为乙肝肝硬化的诊断和监测提供支持和依据。     

基于超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱的深静脉血栓模型大鼠血浆代谢组学分析

深静脉血栓(DVT)是一种血栓栓塞性疾病,具有高发病率、高死亡率和高后遗症3大特点。采用左股静脉不完全结扎加高渗盐水刺激建立DVT大鼠模型,使用超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS)检测假手术组与DVT模型组的血浆代谢谱,用主成分分析(PCA)及正交偏最小二乘-判别分析(OPLS-DA)对代谢组数据进行多元统计分析,观察两组间的代谢表型差异,将多变量模型分析中的变量重要性值(VIP>1)以及代谢物在模型组中的变化倍数(FC≤0.5或FC≥2,且P<0.05)作为差异代谢物筛选条件。最终在DVT模型组与假手术组间筛选得到27种差异代谢物,这些代谢物反映了DVT大鼠的代谢紊乱情况。具体表现为与假手术组相比,DVT模型组中三甲基胺氮氧化物(TMAO)、维生素K、鹅去氧胆酸、牛磺酸、1-甲基烟酰胺、7-酮胆固醇、反式十六烷基-2-烯醇肉碱、乙烯基乙酰甘氨酸、丙酰脯氨酸、咪唑乙酸、咪唑乙酸核糖苷、1,3,7-三甲基尿酸、1-丁胺、2-羟基异丙酸、吡哆醛、5α-四氢皮质酮、苯乳酸的水平显著升高;而3-脱氢肉碱、磷脂酰胆碱22∶6/20∶2(PC...     

Exosome Proteomics Reveals the Deregulation of Coagulation,Complement and Lipid Metabolism Proteins in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with a variable protein cargo in consonance with cell origin and pathophysiological conditions. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by different levels of chronic low-grade inflammation and vascular dysfunction; however, there are few data characterizing the serum exosomal protein cargo of GDM patients and associated signaling pathways. Eighteen pregnant women were enrolled in the study: 8 controls (CG) and 10 patients with GDM. Blood samples were collected from patients, for exosomes’ concentration. Protein abundance alterations were demonstrated by relative mass spectrometric analysis and their association with clinical parameters in GDM patients was performed using Pearson’s correlation analysis. The proteomics analysis revealed 78 significantly altered proteins when comparing GDM to CG, related to complement and coagulation cascades, platelet activation, prothrombotic factors and cholesterol metabolism. Down-regulation of Complement C3 (C3), Complement C5 (C5), C4-B (C4B), C4b-binding protein beta chain (C4BPB) and C4b-binding protein alpha chain (C4BPA), and up-regulation of C7, C9 and F12 were found in GDM. Our data indicated significant correlations between factors involved in the pathogenesis of GDM and clinical parameters that may improve the understanding of GDM pathophysiology. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD035673.     

Effects of Tao‐Hong‐Si‐Wu decoction on acute blood stasis in rats based on a LC‐Q/TOF‐MS metabolomics and network approach

A novel approach using metabolomics coupled with a metabolic network was used to investigate the effects of Tao‐Hong‐Si‐Wu decoction (THSWD) on the rat model of acute blood stasis syndrome. Acute blood stasis syndrome was induced by placing the rats in ice‐cold water following two injections with epinephrine. The hemorheological indicators [whole blood viscosity (WBV) and plasma viscosity (PV)] and the blood coagulation indicators [thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen (FIB)] were detected. The nonparametric univariate method and multivariate statistical analysis were performed for determining the potential biomarkers. A correlation map was structured between biochemical indicators and hub metabolites to explain the effects mechanism of THSWD. After the administration of THSWD, the levels of WBV, PV, TT, APTT and FIB returned to levels observed in the control group. According to metabolomics coupled with metabolic network analysis, the intervention of THSWD in rats with acute blood stasis syndrome induced substantial and characteristic changes in their metabolic profiles. Fifteen metabolites were screened, which mainly involved 10 pathways and five hub metabolites, namely, l ‐glutamate, l ‐phenylalanine, N‐acylsphingosine, arachidonic acid and phosphatidate. The biochemical indicators and hub metabolites could be adjusted to close to normal levels by THSWD. Therefore, combining metabolomics and metabolic network helped to evaluate the effects of THSWD on acute blood stasis.     

基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱的股骨头坏死组织外泌体脂质代谢组学分析

股骨头坏死(ONFH)是一种可导致股骨头塌陷进而需要接受全髋关节置换的疾病.外泌体作为一种细胞间交流的方式,在一系列生理和病理过程中起着至关重要的作用,已在疾病的诊断和治疗中发挥独特作用.该研究利用非靶向代谢组学方法,探讨股骨头坏死组织外泌体内的脂质代谢特征,阐释股骨头坏死时机体发生的脂质代谢变化.该研究采用超速离心的...     

基于液相色谱-质谱联用技术的代谢组学方法研究薄荷烟对大鼠代谢的影响

将基于液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)技术的代谢组学分析平台用于薄荷烟对大鼠代谢影响的研究。分析了3组大鼠的尿样,包括对照大鼠、吸食普通烟大鼠和吸食薄荷烟大鼠,并采用主成分分析(PCA)方法对数据进行模式识别。PCA得分图表明吸食薄荷烟大鼠与对照组大鼠尿样的代谢差异要小于吸食普通烟大鼠。从PCA载荷图中找到并鉴定了犬尿喹啉酸等8种重要代谢物。通过考察代谢物在对照大鼠、吸食薄荷烟大鼠和吸食普通烟大鼠尿样中的相对含量变化,进一步说明了烟草中添加薄荷醇可减少烟草对大鼠代谢的影响。