极大非独立集可削去的因子临界图

如果对一个简单图G的每一个与G的顶点数同奇偶的独立集I，都有G-I有完美匹配，则称G是独立集可削去的因子临界图．如果图G不是独立集可削去的因子临界图，而对任意两个小相邻的顶点x与y，G xy足独立集可削去的因子临界图，则称G足极大非独立集可削去的因子临界图，本刻画了极大非独立集可削去的因子临界图。     

Induced Matching Extendable Graph Powers

A graph G is called induced matching extendable (shortly, IM-extendable) if every induced matching of G is included in a perfect matching of G. A graph G is called strongly IM-extendable if every spanning supergraph of G is IM-extendable. The k-th power of a graph G, denoted by G^k, is the graph with vertex set V(G) in which two vertices are adjacent if and only if the distance between them in G is at most k. We obtain the following two results which give positive answers to two conjectures of Yuan. Result 1. If a connected graph G with |V(G)| even is locally connected, then G² is strongly IM-extendable. Result 2. If G is a 2-connected graph with |V(G)| even, then G³ is strongly IM-extendable. Research Supported by NSFC Fund 10371102.     

导出匹配问题的NP-完全性以及导出匹配可扩问题的CO-NP-完全性

图Ｇ的一个匹配Ｍ是导出的,若Ｍ是图Ｇ的一个导出子图。图Ｇ是导邮匹配可扩的（简记ＩＭ－可扩的）,若图Ｇ的任一导出匹配均含于图Ｇ的一个完美匹配当中。本文我们将证明如下结果。⑴对无爪图而言,问题“给定图Ｇ以及一个正整数ｒ,确定是否存在图Ｇ的一个导出匹配Ｍ使得Ｍ≥ｒ”是ＮＰ－完全的。⑵对直径为２的图以及直径为３的偶图,问题“确定一个给定图是否为导出匹配可扩的”是ＣＯ－ＮＰ完全的;而对完全多部图而言,问题“     

Induced matching extendable graphs

We say that a simple graph G is induced matching extendable, shortly IM-extendable, if every induced matching of G is included in a perfect matching of G. The main results of this paper are as follows: (1) For every connected IM-extendable graph G with |V(G)| ≥ 4, the girth g(G) ≤ 4. (2) If G is a connected IM-extendable graph, then |E(G)| ≥ ${3\over 2}|V(G)| - 2$; the equality holds if and only if G ≅ T × K₂, where T is a tree. (3) The only 3-regular connected IM-extendable graphs are C_n × K₂, for n ≥ 3, and C_2n(1, n), for n ≥ 2, where C_2n(1, n) is the graph with 2n vertices x₀, x₁, …, x_2n−1, such that x_ix_j is an edge of C_2n(1, n) if either |i − j| ≡ 1 (mod 2n) or |i − j| ≡ n (mod 2n). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Graph Theory 28: 203–213, 1998     

3阶幂图的广义导出匹配可扩性

A graph G is induced matching extendable if every induced matching of G is included in a perfect matching of G. A graph G is generalized induced matching extendable if every induced matching of G is included in a maximum matching of G. A graph G is claw-free, if G dose not contain any induced subgraph isomorphic to K1,3. The k-th power of G, denoted by Gu, is the graph with vertex set V（G） in which two vertices are adjacent if and only if the distance between them is at most k in G. In this paper we show that, if the maximum matchings of G and G3 have the same cardinality, then G3 is generalized induced matching extendable. We also show that this result is best possible. As a result, we show that if G is a connected claw-flee graph, then G3 is generalized induced matching extendable.     

一类二部图的几乎完美匹配数

图 的一个 匹配称 为几 乎完美 匹配,若 它覆 盖了一 个顶点 以外 的所有 顶点． 本文 给出具 正 Ｓｕｒｐ ｌｕ ｓ二部图有 Ｖ（ Ｇ）＋ １个几乎 完美匹配的两个 充要条件     

DEGREE CONDITIONS OF INDUCED MATCHING EXTENDABLE GRAPHS

Abstract. A simple graph G is induced matching extendable,shortly IM-extendable,if every in-duced matching of G is included in a perfect matching of G. The degree conditions of IM-extend-able graphs are researched in this paper. The main results are as follows：     

关于3-点临界图的一个猜想的证明

设γ(G) 是图G的点控制数. 如果对任意的v ∈ V (G), 都有γ(G?v) < γ(G) 成立, 那么称G为γ-点临界图. 本文主要给出Ananchuen 和Plummer 提出的一个猜想的证明, 得到了如下的结果:若G是无K_1,7的3-点临界图, 且阶数为不小于18的偶数, 则除几类特殊图外, G 均有完美匹配.     

关于分数可消去图的若干结果

令G=(V(G),E(G))是一个图,并令9和f是两个定义在V(G)上的整数值函数且对所有的x∈V(G)有g(x)≤f(z)成立．若对G的每一条边e都存在G的一个分数(g,f)-因子G_h使得h(e)=0,其中h是G_h的示性函数,则称G是一个分数(g,f)-消去图,若在G中删去E′■E(G),|E′|=k后,所得图有分数完美匹配,则称G是分数k-边-可消去的。本文给出了图是1-可消去,2-可消去和k-边-可消去的与韧度和孤立韧度相关的充分条件。证明了这些结果在一定意义上是最好可能的．     

偶匹配可扩性的极图问题(英文)

设G是含有完美匹配的简单图.称图G是偶匹配可扩的(BM-可扩的),如果G的每一个导出子图是偶图的匹配M都可以扩充为一个完美匹配.极图问题是图论的核心问题之一.本文将刻画极大偶匹配不可扩图,偶图图类和完全多部图图类中的极大偶匹配可扩图.     

Edge-deletable IM-extendable graphs with minimum number of edges

A graph G is induced matching extendable, shortly IM-extendable, if every induced matching of G is included in a perfect matching of G. For a nonnegative integer k, a graph G is called a k-edge-deletable IM-extendable graph, if, for every F⊆E(G) with |F|=k, G−F is IM-extendable. In this paper, we characterize the k-edge-deletable IM-extendable graphs with minimum number of edges. We show that, for a positive integer k, if G is ak-edge-deletable IM-extendable graph on 2n vertices, then |E(G)|≥(k+2)n; furthermore, the equality holds if and only if either G≅K_k+2,k+2, or k=4r−2 for some integer r≥3 and G≅C₅[N_2r], where N_2r is the empty graph on 2r vertices and C₅[N_2r] is the graph obtained from C₅ by replacing each vertex with a graph isomorphic to N_2r.     

ON MAXIMAL MATCHINGS OF CONNECTED GRAPHS

Let I with |I| = k be a matching of a graph G (briefly, I is called a k-matching). If I is not a proper subset of any other matching of G, then I is a maximal k-matching and m(gk, G) is used to denote the number of maximal k-matchings of G. Let gk be a k-matching of G, if there exists a subset {e1, e2,…, ei} of E(G) \ gk, i (?)1, such that (1) for any j ∈ {1, 2,…,i}, gk + {ej} is a (k + l)-matching of G; (2) for any f ∈ E(G) \ (gk ∪ {e1,e2,…,ei}), gk + {f} is not a matching of G; then gk, is called an i wings k-matching of G and mi(gk,G) is used to denote the number of i wings k-matchings of G. In this paper, it is proved that both mi(gk,G) and m(gk,G) are edge reconstructible for every connected graph G, and as a corollary, it is shown that the matching polynomial is edge reconstructible.     

导出匹配可扩图的局部运算

称图G为导出匹配图可扩的（简称为IM－可扩的），如果图G的一每个导出匹配都包含在G的一个完美匹配中，本给出了导出匹配可扩图的一些局部运算。     

直径为5的图的2-导出匹配划分和2-导出匹配覆盖问题的NP-完全性

给定一个简单图G和正整数κ,具有完美匹配的图G的κ-导出匹配划分是对顶点集V(C)的一个κ-划分(V1,V2,...,Vκ),其中对每一个i(1≤i≤κ),由Vi导出的G的子图G[Vi]是1-正则的.κ-导出匹配划分问题是指对给定的图G,判定G是否存在一个κ-导出匹配划分.令M1,M2…,Mκ为图G的κ个导出匹配,如果V(M1)UV(M2)∪...∪V(Mκ)=V(G),则我们称{M1,M2,...,Mκ}是G的κ-导出匹配覆盖.κ-导出匹配覆盖问题是指对给定的图G,判定G是否存在κ-导出匹配覆盖.本文给出了Yang,Yuan和Dong所提出问题的解,证明了直径为5的图的导出匹配2一划分问题和导出匹配2-覆盖问题都是NP-完全的.     

Some graphs which have ascending subgraph decomposition

1.IntroductionIn[1],Alavietal.gavethefollowingdecompositionconjecture.Conjecture.LetGbeagraphwith("1')edges.ThentheedgesetofGcanbedecomposedintonsetsgeneratinggraphsGI,G2,'IG.suchthatIE(Gi)I=i(fori=1,2,',n)andGiisisomorphictoasubgraphofGi 1fori=1,2,'.)n--1.AgraphGthatcanbedecomposedasdescribedinConjecturewillbesaidtohaveanAscendingSubgraphDecomposition(AlsoabbreviatedasASD).ThesubgraphsGIIG2,',G.aresaidtobemembersofsuchadecomposition.Furthermore,ifeachGiisastar(matching,pat…     

图有[a,b]因子的邻域条件

不含有图K1，R的图称为K1,r-free图，设G是一个具有顶点集V（G）的图，设n(≥3),a和b是整数，使得b≥a≥1，若b是奇数，设b≥n-1。我们证明了每个连通的K1,r-free图G在b|V(G)|为偶数，它的最小度至少是a n-1,|V(G）≥ （2(a b)-1)(a b-1)/b，以及|NG(x）∪NG（y)|≥a|V(G)|a b对V的任意两个不邻接的点x和y都成立时，G有一个[a,b]因子。     

黑白顶点数目相等的无完美匹配四角系统

四角系统是一个二部图，二部图有完美匹配的一个必要条件是对其顶点进行正常着色后，两个色类所含的顶点数相等，然而这一条件并不充分，本文利用构造法证明了两个色类所含顶点数相等却无完美匹配的四角系统的最小阶数是14，并且只有3种非同构的形状，由本文的方法还可以进一步构造出15阶和16阶无完美匹配四角系统的所有非同构形状，它们的数目分别是22与155。     

关于P_(r,(2s-1))的奇优美标号

对于简单图G=〈V,E〉,如果存在一个映射f:V(G)→{0,1,2,…,2 |E|-1}满足1)对任意的u,v∈V,若u≠v,则(u)≠f(v);2)max{f(v)|v∈V}=2|E|-1;3)对任意的e_1,e_2∈E,若e_1≠e_2,则g(e_1)≠g(e_2),此处g(e)=|f(u)+f(v)|,e=uv;4){g(e)|e∈E}={1,3,5,…,2|E|-1},则称G是奇优美图,f称为G的奇优美标号.Gnanajoethi提出了一个猜想:每棵树都是奇优美的.证明了图P_(r,(2s-1)是奇优美图.     

图的极大Tutte集的几个有效算法

图G=(V,E)的Tutte集定义为X■V(G)满足ω_o(G-X)一|X|=def(G).若不存在Tutte集Y■X,则称X为图G的极大Tutte集.通过找极大extreme集和D-图的极大独立集给出一般图G的找极大Tutte集的两个有效算法,并给出结论:X■V(G)是二部图G的极大Tutte集当且仅当X为二部图G的最小覆盖,从而得到找二部图G的极大Tutte集的一个有效算法.     

3-正则图的不共边的完美匹配（英文）

研究3-正则图的一个有意义的问题是它是否存在k个没有共边的完美匹配.关于这个问题有一个著名的Fan-Raspaud猜想：每一个无割边的3-正则图都有3个没有共边的完美匹配.但这个猜想至今仍未解决.设dim（P（G））表示图G的完美匹配多面体的维数.本文证明了对于无割边的3-正则图G,如果dim（P（G））≤14,那么k≤4：如果dim（P（G））≤20,那么k≤5.