采用不同剂量重组人生长激素治疗特发性矮小症的效果分析

目的探讨和分析采用不同剂量重组人生长激素治疗特发性矮小症的效果。方法选取2013年11月至2015年11月期间在佛山市第一人民医院接受临床治疗的60例特发性矮小症患儿作为研究对象,按照重组人生长激素的使用剂量不同分为3组,每组分别有20例患儿,对实验1组患儿每周给予0.26 mg/kg,对实验2组患儿每周给予0.35 mg/kg,对实验3组患儿每周给予0.41 mg/kg,分析3组患儿的效果。结果实验2组、实验3组治疗之后的ΔHt SDS、GV、IGF-1、IGFBP-3及患儿家长对治疗效果的总满意度与实验1组相比较,组间差异明显(P0.05)。结论每周应用O.35 mg/kg和0.41 mg/kg的重组人生长激素治疗特发性矮小症患儿的临床效果较佳。     

小剂量红霉素治疗早产儿喂养不耐受的临床观察

目的探讨小剂量红霉素治疗早产儿喂养不耐受的临床效果。方法抽取2014年3月至2015年2月在广东省清远市佛冈县人民医院就诊的150例喂养不耐受的早产儿作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各75例,对照组患者采用常规治疗,观察组患者在常规治疗的基础上配合小剂量红霉素治疗,对比两组患者的治疗效果。结果观察组患儿的治疗有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05),差异有统计学意义;观察组患儿的不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论喂养不耐受的早产儿采用小剂量红霉素治疗可以有效促进胃肠动力,改善早产儿喂养不耐受,治疗效果显著,值得广泛应用于临床。     

Effect of Sodium Fluoride on the Rate of Sperm Deformity in Male Mice

为探讨氟化钠对雄性小鼠精子畸形的影响,选取50只成年雄性小鼠随机分为5组:氟化钠染毒高剂量组(34 mg/kg)、中剂量组(17 mg/kg)、低剂量组(8.5 mg/kg)、环磷酰胺阳性对照组( 50 mg/kg)、生理盐水空白对照组,采用经口灌胃染毒,1次/d,连续5d,于首次染毒后的第35天颈椎脱臼将小鼠处死,取睾丸和附睾称质量,计算脏器系数；同时取附睾制片,观察精子形态,计数小鼠精子畸形率.结果表明,氟化钠染毒各组睾丸、附睾脏器系数与空白对照组比较,差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05),染毒各组精子畸形率普遍高于空白对照组,差别有统计学意义(P＜0.001),且随着染毒剂量的增加精子畸形率也有相应升高,呈现一定的剂量-反应关系(r=0.954,F=20.098,P＜0.05,R2=0.909).提示氟化钠能使雄性小鼠精子畸形率明显升高,具有一定的生殖毒性,能影响小鼠生殖功能,对小鼠生殖功能造成损害.     

亲水作用色谱-串联质谱法同时测定液态奶中三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺

建立了亲水作用色谱-串联质谱同时测定液态奶中三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺的方法。液态奶样品经体积分数2.5%甲酸溶液提取、离心后乙腈稀释,亲水作用色谱柱分离,电喷雾串联四极杆质谱检测器检测,分别在负、正离子模式下测定三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺。三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺分别在0.5～100μg/L、0.1～50μg/L范围内线性关系良好。在0.25～15mg/kg、0.1～7.5mg/kg添加水平范围内,三聚氰酸平均回收率为84.5%～98.0%(RSD为2.1%～6.1%),三聚氰胺平均回收率为85.5%～88.9%(RSD为3.2～5.8%)。三聚氰酸、三聚氰胺定量限分别为0.25mg/kg、0.1mg/kg。     

不同原子光谱法检测粉类化妆品中重金属的比较

本文比较了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法、原子吸收(AAS)法、原子荧光(AFS)法测定粉类化妆品中锑、铬、镉和钕的结果。通过条件优化,各种方法的测定结果在多数情况下一致,其中ICP-MS检出限最低、能同时检测多种元素。测定锑、铬、镉和钕ICP-MS的检出限分别为0.025mg/kg、0.2mg/kg、0.025mg/kg和0.025mg/kg,ICP-OES的检出限分别为2mg/kg、0.4mg/kg、0.15mg/kg和0.2mg/kg。AAS法测定铬和镉的检出限分别为1mg/kg、0.25mg/kg,AFS测定锑的检出限为0.05mg/kg。     

气相色谱法同时测定蔬菜中24种有机磷农药残留

建立了蔬菜中24种有机磷类农药残留气相色谱同时分析的方法。样品用含0.1%乙酸的乙腈提取,净化采用分散固相萃取的方式:在提取液中加入C18(ODS)、石墨炭黑、PSA等吸附剂粉末进行净化,采用DB-1701(30 m×0.32 mm×0.25μm)毛细管柱分离,FPD(P)检测。24种农药的质量分数在0.002~0.05 mg/kg时,回收率在80.1%~102.1%之间、RDS为1.4%~5.1%。各农药的检测限为:三硫磷、三唑磷为0.004 mg/kg、苯硫磷为0.01 mg/kg,其它21种为0.002 mg/kg。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定化妆品中8种乙二醇醚类物质

建立了化妆品中8种乙二醇醚类物质的气相色谱-质谱分析方法。样品经甲醇超声提取,提取液经0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤后,采用气相色谱-质谱法分析,外标法定量。在优化的色谱条件下,8种乙二醇醚类物质可实现基线分离,在各自线性范围内线性良好(r20.999)。在0.05、0.5、5 mg/kg 3个加标水平下,平均加标回收率为82.2%~113.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0.60%~8.5%。方法的检出限为0.10~1.00 mg/kg,定量下限为0.25~2.00 mg/kg。该方法操作简便,准确可靠,重现性好,可用于化妆品中乙二醇醚类物质的测定。     

混合型固相萃取柱净化-气相色谱-质谱法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中的三聚氰酸

建立了一种混合型固相萃取柱净化-气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中三聚氰酸的方法。在84 ℃条件下,用0.5%乙酸水溶液提取样品中的三聚氰酸,离心,滤液经Carb/C18混合型固相萃取柱净化,氮气吹干,硅烷化衍生,GC-MS测定,选择离子监测模式,外标法定量。在0.01～2 mg/L内线性关系良好(r＞0.99),在0.25～2.5 mg/kg的添加水平范围内,平均回收率为80%～103%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为7.7%～14.5%,三聚氰酸的检出限(LOD)为0.10 mg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为0.25 mg/kg。该方法快速、灵敏、准确、专一、耐用,适合婴幼儿配方奶粉中三聚氰酸的确证和定量测定。     

衍生-气相色谱法测定水产品中的游离甲醛

建立了水产品中游离甲醛残留量的衍生-气相色谱快速检测方法,对衍生剂、抗干扰剂、萃取剂、色谱条件进行了研究.用HP-5 (30 m×0.32 mm i.d.,0.25 μm)毛细管色谱柱,程序升温,γ-ECD检测器,外标法定量.甲醛的检出限为0.05 mg/kg,在0.1～20.0 mg/L范围内,其线性相关系数R2=0.9994,标准偏差为0.041,在0.5、 1.5、 5.0 mg/kg 3个添加水平下回收率为89.6%～102.6%.3个实验室间的RSD为2.7%～4.4%.     

蛋氨酸铜对西门塔尔牛血液指标的影响

选用16头平均体质量420 kg、年龄2.5岁中国西门塔尔牛阉牛,采用随机区组设计分为4组,以混合精料和风干玉米秸秆为基础日粮,以蛋氨酸铜为铜源,在基础日粮中分别添加铜0、8、16和24 mg/kg,研究了蛋氨酸铜对西门塔尔牛血液指标的影响。结果表明,血清TG、GLU、TC、ALB和TP含量显著增加(P<0.05)。24 mg/kg组SUN明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。血清GOT、GPT、AKP、ACP、LDH差异均不显著(P>0.05)。血清Cp逐渐增加(P<0.05);SOD和GSH-px活性呈上升趋势,显著提高(P<0.05);MDA呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。16 mg/kg和24mg/kg组血清铜含量显著高于对照和8 mg/kg组(P<0.05)。根据试验结果,蛋氨酸铜添加量以8~16 mg/kg为宜。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。